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Buses Protocols

Protocol of busses

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39 views3 pages

Buses Protocols

Protocol of busses

Uploaded by

akarthi409
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bus Protocols:

The basic building block of most bus protocols is the four-cycle handshake, illustrated in
Figure 2.1. The handshake ensures that when two devices want to communicate, one is
ready to transmit and the other is ready to receive.
The handshake uses a pair of wires dedicated to the handshake: enq (meaning enquiry) and
ack (meaning acknowledge). Extra wires are used for the data transmitted during the
handshake. The four cycles are described below.
Device 1 raises its output to signal an enquiry, which tells device 2 that it should get
ready to listen for data.
When device 2 is ready to receive, it raises its output to signal an acknowledgment. At
this point, devices 1 and 2 can transmit or receive.
Once the data transfer is complete, device 2 lowers its output, signaling that it has
received the data.
After seeing that ack has been released, device 1 lowers its output.
At the end of the handshake, both handshaking signals are low, just as they were at the start
of the handshake. The system has thus returned to its original state in readiness for another
handshake-enabled data transfer.
Microprocessor buses build on the handshake for communication between the CPU and
other system components. The term bus is used in two ways.
The most basic use is as a set of related wires, such as address wires. However, the term may
also mean a protocol for communicating between components.
To avoid confusion, we will use the term bundle to refer to a set of related signals. The
fundamental bus operations are reading and writing. Figure 2.2 shows the structure of a
typical bus that supports reads and writes.

The major components follow:


 Clock provides synchronization to the bus components,
 R/W is true when the bus is reading and false when the bus is writing,
 Address is an a-bit bundle of signals that transmits the address for an
access,
 Data is an n-bit bundle of signals that can carry data to or from the CPU, and
 Data ready signals when the values on the data bundle are valid.
Advantages of Bus Protocal:
➨It allows 1Mbps data rate. CAN FD (flexible data rate) version supports more than this
speed i.e. supports 2+Mbps. CAN FD will support more bandwidth which is eight times more
than standard CAN bus.
➨It is used to reduce wiring in various automotive applications. Due to less complex
interface, it is widely used across various industries.
➨It saves overall cost and time due to less and simple wiring as well as use of flash
programming.
➨Standard CAN protocol supports 8 bytes while CAN FD protocol supports 64 bytes in the
data field part.
➨Supports auto retransmission of lost messages.
➨It works in various electrical environments without any issues.
➨The protocol supports different error detection capabilities such as bit error, ack error,
form error, CRC error and stuff error

Disadvantages of Bus Protocols:


➨Though maximum number of nodes are not specified for the network. It supports upto 64
nodes due to electrical loading.
➨It supports maximum length of 40 meters.
➨It is likely to have undesirable interactions between nodes.
➨It incurs more expenditure for software development and maintenance.
➨CAN driver must produce atleast 1.5V across typical 60 Ohm.
➨Network should be wired in topology which limits stubs as much as possible.
➨In order to reduce signal integrity issues such as reflections CAN bus should be properly
terminated at both the ends with resistors.
➨Node removal requires use of termination resistors of 120 Ohm value at appropriate
places on the CAN bus

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