81

Problem

a Acceleration at A
b Anglebetween acceleration and n anisatA

Angle between acceleration and streamline

at A
N sin30 930
5 cos30 it sin 30

7 1
fits
300
I 1

23.7J
i
21.0
a I anni tass
In't V85
In 1011375
I 10h 305
101 sin30 it cos3057 306301 305
21.05 23.7
ftp ANI

b tanh 10 OR tan 0 23.7

30 21.0
2 18,40ME D 48.469M
A 0 30 18460M
50
4.71 Water flows through the 2‐m‐wide rectangular channel shown in Fig. P4.71 with a
uniform velocity of 3 m/s. (a) Directly integrate Eq. 4.16 with b=1 to determine the mass
flowrate (kg/s) across section CD of the control volume. (b) Repeat part (a) with b=1/ρ where
ρ is the density. Explain the physical interpretation of the answer to part (b).

79
Problem 4.71
W 2m into the board
H 0.5m
V
yÉÉ
3mfs 0.5m
t
Bout
fathern'da 2 90 o
a
Using b l for mass flowrate
and In Vaso
Bout
IS Vcos Oda

S Vaso da
S Vast
Ac
where Ace l 2 Yao 1 3m s and 5 1000Agha

Bout 10007 3
rosoff 3000kgsans

b When b f
Bout
Is 1 FindA VasodA VasoAe
Gout
Bout 3 cost
for 3mfs any
With b
I 1g whenas

and b therefore B volume Is

Ban
 EXAMPLE 5–2 Discharge of Water from a Tank

A 1.2m-high, 0.9 m-diameter cylindrical water tank whose

top is open to the atmosphere is initially filled with water.
Now the discharge plug near the bottom of the tank is
pulled out, and a water jet whose diameter is 13 mm
streams out (Fig. 5–13). The average velocity of the jet is
approximated as V = √2gh, where h is the height of water
in the tank measured from the center of the hole (a
variable) and g is the gravitational acceleration. Determine
how long it takes for the water level in the tank to drop to
0.6 from the bottom. (Cengel)

Q4. Consider steady, incompressible flow through a plane diverging channel. At the inlet,
of height H, the flow is uniform with magnitude V1. At the outlet of height 2H, the
velocity profile is , where y is measured from the channel centerline.
Select an appropriate control volume and use the Reynolds Transport Theorem to express
Vm in terms of V1. Ans: Vm = (π/4)V1
Q9. A velocity field is defined by m/s.
Obtain the equation of the streamline and sketch a few representative streamlines. Ans:
83
y = x2/4 + constant
Problem e.g.5-2

RTT
Digg ftp.fbdttfsbf.ndA
For B m and b I Dubz o f constant
O
Sfffat
S
Infd A
f APdh
0 5 VA
4
t A
Afdh
Ia
III
o
Agh
g Ith
O Agh
HII
t
Ahq tidy
Fa LEI
Separating the variables and integrating
dt
41dg LIFE Egr

Fat KI EE PEEL 1 1

t
IIF 0.62 1.2 69435s
At 11.57min
Problem Q.4
Steady incompressibleflowplanediverging
channel
Inlet Outlet
Height H Height 24
Velocity V Velocityprofile Vt Vincas
Ey
Empress Vm in terms of Vi
self

tin da
Diy ft f
b at
fsb
For steady conservation mass
flow applying of
B m and b l

It Isditty
0 F a da
Dj
constant
S
for incompressibleflow
des Fri da o
 Fri da Vng da 0
Ja t
f
FI Vaso
V cost
807 1 and Kaos o K
top,1 top,2

IC
bottom,1
Vi Wdy Il Vincas EIDway
bottom,2

top,2
0

If'dy t Um cos bottom,2 II dy o

top,2

V E fE Um
bottom,2
top,2
cos
II dy
O

V It 0 0
Um
bottom,2
cos
If dy
substitution the second term
Using u
for
II
u

dig En
dy du
4
in Pcos
Substituting Ey dy fcosudn.GE
sinus E
Resubstitute u sin
EI
Substituting in with limits H to H
eq
V It
Vmf cos
tidy 0

Vitt Um sin
It 3 O

V it Um
E sin
II f
sin O

V It Um
E sin E f
sin E O

V It Um
12 1.0 1 1.0 0

v Vm
7127
VE
E ANE

Alternatively break the second term of ego

into two parts and substitute
centerline,2 top,2

V It Um cos
bottom,2 E dy
É dy Vmdoes
centerline,2
O

V It
Vmf
cos
É dy t Vinodcos
a dy 0

Because
of symmetry
V It 2 Um O
cos
Eddy
VH 2Usin EI 0 Um
IV are
 EXAMPLE 5–2 Discharge of Water from a Tank

A 1.2m-high, 0.9 m-diameter cylindrical water tank whose

top is open to the atmosphere is initially filled with water.
Now the discharge plug near the bottom of the tank is
pulled out, and a water jet whose diameter is 13 mm
streams out (Fig. 5–13). The average velocity of the jet is
approximated as V = √2gh, where h is the height of water
in the tank measured from the center of the hole (a
variable) and g is the gravitational acceleration. Determine
how long it takes for the water level in the tank to drop to
0.6 from the bottom. (Cengel)

Q4. Consider steady, incompressible flow through a plane diverging channel. At the inlet,
of height H, the flow is uniform with magnitude V1. At the outlet of height 2H, the
velocity profile is , where y is measured from the channel centerline.
Select an appropriate control volume and use the Reynolds Transport Theorem to express
Vm in terms of V1. Ans: Vm = (π/4)V1
Q9. A velocity field is defined by m/s.
Obtain the equation of the streamline and sketch a few representative streamlines. Ans:
83
y = x2/4 + constant
Q10. Show that the streamlines for a flow whose velocity components are u = c (x2  y2)
and v = 2c xy, where c is a constant, are given by the equation x2y  y3/3 = constant. At
which point(s) is the flow parallel to the y-axis? At which point(s) the fluid is stationary?


Q13. A flow field is described by V 4xy3iˆ y4 ˆj
Determine whether or not the flow undergoes rotation and angular deformation.
 2 ˆ
Ans:  12xy k 
 xy  12xy2

Q14. The streamlines in a particular two-dimensional

flow field are all concentric circles, as shown in the
figure. The velocity is given by the equation v    r
where  is the angular velocity of the rotating mass of
fluid. Determine the circulation around the path ABCD.

Ans:      b2  a2 

84
Problem Q.9
I Li nj m s

dyan In
dat E
12dg Indu
2
y E to

y Ey t c
Problem Q.10
u c
fi y and v Zong
Streamlines given by are a
functionyffe
such that dylan Yw
i
drag In
Gi Eg
Consider the function const 0
n'y By
 Differentiate eq
du 0
y dy
t
Zay n'dy
W 2 du O
y dy my
The lines in the
y planegiven by g
i n
have a slope

dyne YETT
ant
or
for any o e

PROVED
dhe
Effy In
i e the
function n'y Y's const represents
the streamlines the given
of flow
The
flow is parallel to the x anis when

dy dnt 0 or v 0 which occurs when a 0 or 0

y
Theflow is parallel to the amis when
y
dylan 0 or w 0 which occurs when a
IF
The fluid has zero velocity at ne 0 AE
4-57 The temperature distribution in a fluid is given by T = 10x + 5y, where x and y
are the horizontal and vertical coordinates in meters and T is in degrees
centigrade. Determine the time rate of change of temperature of a fluid particle
traveling (a) horizontally with u = 20 m/s, v = 0 and (b) vertically with u = 0, v = 20
m/s.

49
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