Tp 1 strong Acid strong Base

PRACTICAL WORK
IN
GENERAL CHEMISTRY
FIRST YEAR AGRONOMY
Dr Abbas Sabbah
CONTENTS
➢ Introduction
➢ General rules for working with chemicals.
➢ Safety rules in laboratory.
➢ Poisoning by toxic chemicals.
➢ Common Laboratory Glassware and Equipment
➢ Volumetric Analyzes
Acid-base dosages
I- Determination of one: i) strong base-strong acid.
ii) Weak base-strong acid.
iii) Strong base-weak acid.
II- A) Determination of the concentrations of NaOH and Na2CO3 in a mixture.
B) Determination of the concentration of H3PO4 in solution.
III- Determination of the molecular mass of an unknown acid.
IV- Determination of the concentration of a permanganate solution by oxalic acid.
V- Determination of copper in a copper salt.
ACID-BASE TITRATION
An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton

(hydrogen ion) to another substance.
A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid.
ACID-BASE TITRATION
In this lesson, we will learn:

➢ Why titrations are performed and their purpose as an experiment.
➢ How to use reaction stoichiometry to find moles and unknown concentrations
from titrations.
➢ How to use titrations and mole calculations to find percentage purity of a
sample.
Learning Objective
Compute the concentration of an unknown acid or base given its volume and the
volume and concentration of the standardized titrant.
Key Points
An acid-base titration is a quantitative analysis of acids and bases; through
this process, an acid or base of known concentration neutralizes an acid or base of
unknown concentration.
The titration progress can be monitored by visual indicators, pH electrodes, or
both.
The reaction’s equivalence point is the point at which the titrant has exactly
neutralized the acid or base in the unknown analyte; if you know the volume and
concentration of the titrant at the equivalence point, you can calculate the
concentration of a base or acid in the unknown solution.
Materials for a titration procedure
• Burette
• White tile (used to see a color change in the solution)
• Pipette
• pH indicator (the type depends on the reactants)
• Erlenmeyer or conical flask
• Titrant (a standard solution of known concentration; a common example is
aqueous sodium carbonate)
• Analyte, or titrand (the solution of unknown concentration)
TITRATION OF A STRONG BASE
with
A STRONG ACID
PRINCIPLE
Titration (dosage) acid-base is a volumetric method for the determination of the
unknown normality of the base using the known normality of the acid and
conversely.
NaOH + HCl → Na+ + Cl- + H2O

PROCEDURE
1. With a clean pipette rinsed well with the prepared NaOH solution, take 10 ml
of NaOH and pour it into a clean Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Add 2 to 3 drops of colored indicator (Bromothymol Blue).
3. Rinse then fill the burette with the prepared hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution.
add hydrochloric acid to the burette by a funnel and put on the burette stand.
4. Place the Erlenmeyer flask on a white sheet below the burette.
5. Start the titration by opening the burette valve slowly while stirring the NaOH
solution in circular motions.
6. Titrate the NaOH to the equivalence point (shut off the tap). The solution
becomes yellow (previously it was blue).
7. Note the volume of HCL paid.
8. Repeat the titration 2 more times. The difference between two successive HCl
values should not exceed 0.05ml.
Equivalence point At the equivalence point, [OH−] = [H+]. The pH = 7.00.
The concentrations of solutions used in acid –base titration may be expressed in terms of
molarity (M) or normality (N).
Molarity is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution (M:moles/liter) .
Normality is the number of the equivalent weight of a compound in a liter of solution. (N:
equivalent weight/ liter).
At end of titration the number of equivalents of acid equals the number of equivalents of base:
Na . VaE = Nb . Vb
Calculation of NaOH mass concentration:
Cmass = Cmolar × molair mass (M)
MNaOH = 40 g/mol
Cn : look for it from normality

Tp 1 strong Acid strong Base

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PRACTICAL WORK

FIRST YEAR AGRONOMY

An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton

In this lesson, we will learn:

NaOH + HCl → Na+ + Cl- + H2O

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