ACTIVITY:1

AIM
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED

Resistor, ammeter, (0-1.5A) voltmeter (0-5V ), battery, one way key, rheostat, sand
paper, connecting wires.
PROCEDURE
1.Connect the components as shown in Fig.
2.After closing the key K, check that the voltmeter and ammeter show deflections on
the right hand side.
3.Check the continuity of the assembled circuit using a multimeter.

Circuit Diagram : Assembling of given components

RESULT
The components of the electrical circuit were assembled.
PRECAUTIONS
1.The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive terminal of
ammeter and positive terminal of the voltmeter.
2. The ammeter should be connected in series with the resistor and the voltmeter
should be connected in parallel with the resistor.

ACTIVITY :2
AIM
To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse
and a power source.
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED
Three bulbs (40 W, 220 V each), three (on/off) switches, socket, a fuse of 1.0 A, plug,
flexible connecting wire, main switch.
PRINCIPLE
If P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 , P5 , ... be the power consumed by different domestic electrical
appliances in a circuit then the total power consumption, P at any instant is given by
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5 + ...
If electric potential is V, then current I drawn from the mains is given by
P
I=
v
Where P is in watt, V in volt and I in ampere.
PROCEDURE
Take the bulbs B1 , B2 , B3 and connect them in series with switches S1 , S2 and S3
respectively.
Connect B1 , B2 , B3 along with S1 , S2 , S3 in parallel with each other as shown in
Fig.
2. Connect fuse F in series with the set up .Connect a plug and the socket at the end of
two leads. Connect a wire from the earth pin of the plug.
3. Insert the plug in socket provided in the main electric board.
4. Press the switches S1 , S2 , S3 one by one and observe the bulb that is switched on
and off independently of the other bulb.
5. Press all the switches simultaneously and observe what happens. Record your
observations
RESULT
Household circuit assembly is complete and installed with safety
PRECAUTIONS
1. Care should be taken while working with mains.
2. Carefully determine the rating of the fuse by calculating the maximum current
drawn by the circuit.
Left side
Circuit Diagram:.
 ACTIVITY :3
Aim
To draw the diagram of given open circuit comprising at least a battery,
resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not
connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED:
A given open circuit comprising at least a cell or a battery, plug key, resistor, rheostat,
ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires and sand paper.
PRINCIPLE
An electrical circuit is functional only if all the components of the circuit are
connected in proper order. An open circuit break in some part of a circuit such as a
key in open position or broken wire or burnt out component(s) or loose connection.
PROCEDURE
1.Draw the circuit diagrams in notebook.
2. Consider one circuit with various components which have not been connected in
proper order.
3.Draw the correct circuit diagram. Connect the electrical components according to
corrected circuit diagram.
4. Close the key in the circuit to verify if the corrected circuit is functional.
RESULT
The electrical circuit assembled as per the corrected circuit diagram is functional.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Ends of the connecting wires should be cleaned with sand paper before making
connections.
2. The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive terminal of
the voltmeter and positive terminal of the ammeter.
Left side
Improper connection Proper connection :

Table:
S.No Circuit Correct Incorrect
component connection connection
1 Battery/cell Yes Yes
2 Resistor Yes No
3 Rheostat Yes No
4 key Yes Yes
5 Ammeter Yes No
6 Voltmeter Yes No

Activity : 4
AIM
To identify the different components of electrical equipments .
APPARATUS REQUIRED

LED ,a multimeter, a collection of diodes, , transistor, IC, resistor and capacitor.

PROCEDURE
Segregate the components according to the number of legs
Components with 3 legs are transistors
Components with more than 3 legs are integrated circuit
Components with 2 legs may be resistor ,diode, LED or capacitor
To identify this component, check the conductivity of the components using a
multimeter by setting in mode .
If the component conducts in one direction only without any emission of light it is
diode .
If the component conducts in one direction only with emission of light it is LED.
If the component conducts in both directions without any change in resistance with
emission of light it is LED.
If the component conducts in both directions and resistance increases with time is a
capacitor.
RESULT
A diode, a LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor are identified
respectively from a mixed collection and tabulated with their symbols.

Left side
Observation table:
Table 1
S.No No Conduction During conduction Name of the
of One Both Resistance Emits component
legs direction direction Remains Varies light
same with
time
1 2 x ✓ ✓ ✓ x Resistor
2 2 ✓ x x ✓ x Capacitor
3 2 ✓ x ✓ x x Diode
4 2 ✓ x ✓ x ✓ LED
5 3 - - x ✓ x Transistor
6 8 - - - - x Integrated
circuit (IC)

Table 2
Name of the components Symbols
Resistance
Capacitor

Diode

LED

Transistor

IC

Activity : 5
AIM: To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on a
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor).
APPARATUS REQUIRED
LDR, power supplies, key, milliammeter , a 12 V lamp, meter scale and connecting
wires.
Theory:
1.LDR is made up of intrinsic semiconductor material with an energy gap is in the
region of energy of light .
2.As light falls on LDR some of the electrons get sufficient energy to break free the
crystal lattice to conduct electricity .
3.As density of charge carriers increases its conductivity increases and resistance
decreases. Intensity of light falling on the surface depend on the distance between the
light source and the surface .
4.When the source is very close to LDR more photons fall on LDR and the resistance
deceases.As the distanceincreases intensity decreases and resistance increases .
PROCEDURE
1.Fix the bulb in the stand as shown in diagram.Connect the LDR to the multimeter
set to measure the resistance .
2.Keep the distance between the source and LDR as 10 cm and measure the resistance
increase the lenth by 20,30. Draw graph by taking distance along x axis and resistance
along Y axis
RESULT
As distance increases, intensity of incident light decreases and resistance of LDR
increases.

Observation table:
S.No Distance d (cm) Resistance of LDR ( ohm)
1 10 220
2 20 440
3 30 660
4 40 880
5 50 1100
6 60 1220
7 70 1540

Light Dependent Resistor:

Ω
Resistance

Distance (cm)

Activity 6
AIM:
To study the nature and size of the image formed by a convex lens when object is kept
at different points with respect to optic centre along the principle axis .
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
A candle, a convex lens of small focal length, a screen with a stand, metre scale.
PROCEDURE:
Keep the object at one side of the lens focus the image on the screen and measure the
distance between the lens and image and note the reading .
Focus the long distance object on the screen . Keep the object beyond 2f’ and focus
the image on the screen .
Keep the object at 2f’ and focus the image on the screen. Keep the object between f’
and 2f’ and focus the image on the screen

Keep the object at f’ and focus the image on the screen. Keep the object between f’and
O and see the image through the lens on the same side of the object .
RESULT :
The nature and size of the image formed by a convex lens and a concave mirror when
object is kept at different points with respect to optic centre along the principle axis is
studied and tabulated and the ray diagrams are drawn .
Ray Diagram –Image formed by Concave lens :

Observation table :
S.No Position of Position of Size of image Nature of the
object image image
1 At infinity At focus F Highly Real and
diminished inverted
2 Beyond 2f Between F and Diminished Real and
2F inverted
3 At 2F At 2F Same size Real and
inverted
4 Between 2F and Beyond 2f Enlarged Real and
 F inverted
5 At F At infinity Highly enlarged Real and
inverted
6 Between F and On the same Enlarged Virtual and
O side of lens erect