BIOLOGY 430 - SKELETAL MUSCLE LIST – FALL 2022

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Posterior (molar region) alveolar
Buccinator processes of maxilla and mandible Fibers of orbicularis oris Compresses cheek
Maxilla and mandible; muscles Encircles mouth; inserts into
Orbicularis oris around the mouth corners of mouth Close and purse lips
Encircles orbit; inserts into tissue
Orbicularis oculi Frontal and maxilla bones of eyelid Closes eye
Epicranius (occipitofrontalis):
Skin of the eyebrow and bridge of Raises eyebrows, wrinkles
Frontal belly (Frontalis) Epicranial aponeurosis nose forehead

Occipital belly (Occipitalis) Occipital bone and mastoid process Epicranial aponeurosis Draws scalp posteriorly
Tense skin of neck; depress
Fascia of pectoralis major and Mandible, skin and muscle at mandible; pulls lower lip back
Platysma deltoid corner of mouth and down
Masseter Zygomatic arch Ramus and angle of mandible Elevates and protracts mandible
Temporalis Temporal bone (fossa) Coronoid process of mandible Elevates and retracts mandible
Single – Lateral flexion;
Sternal end of clavicle and Mastoid process of temporal bone rotation to opposite side
Sternocleidomastoid manubrium and lateral occipital bone Dual – Neck flexion
Single – Lateral flexion, rotation
Scalenes Transverse processes of cervical to opposite side;
(anterior, middle, posterior) vertebrae Superior surface of 1st 2 ribs Dual - Elevate ribs; neck flexion
MUSCLES OF BREATHING
Elevates ribs (during
External intercostals Inferior border of rib above Superior border of rib below inspiration)
Depresses ribs
Internal intercostals Superior border of rib below Inferior border of rib above (during forced expiration)
Inferior border of rib cage and
sternum, cartilage of last 6 ribs and Flattens to increase thoracic
Diaphragm lumbar vertebrae Central tendon volume for inspiration
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN
Pull ribs downward,
Xiphoid process and costal flex vertebral column,
Rectus abdominis Pubic crest and symphysis cartilage of ribs 5-7 compress abdomen
Laterally flex and rotate
Linea alba, pubic crest and vertebral column, compress
External oblique Outer surface of last 8 ribs tubercle, and iliac crest abdomen
Laterally flex and rotate
Lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal Linea alba, pubic crest and last 3 vertebral column, compress
Internal oblique ligament ribs abdomen
Inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia,
Transversus abdominis cartilage of last 6 ribs and iliac crest Linea alba and pubic crest Compress abdomen

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SCAPULA

Elevate and retract (adduct)
scapula; neck flexion to same
Levator scapulae Transverse processes of C1-C4 Superior medial border of scapula side
Depress and protract (abduct)
Pectoralis minor Anterior surface of ribs 3-5 Coracoid process of scapula scapula
Medial border of scapula near Retract (adduct) and stabilize
Rhomboid minor Spinous processes of C7-T1 spine scapula
Medial border of scapula from Retract (adduct) and stabilize
Rhomboid major Spinous processes of T2-T5 spine to inferior angle scapula
Anterior surface of medial border Protract (abduct) and hold
Serratus anterior Lateral aspect of ribs 1-8 of scapula scapula against body wall
Superior fibers – elevate
scapula, neck extension

Middle fibers – retract (adduct)

Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, scapula
spinous processes of C7 and all Lateral clavicle, acromion and
Trapezius thoracic vertebrae spine of scapula Inferior fibers – depress scapula
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM – SHOULDER JOINT MOTION (* Rotator Cuff Muscles)
Cartilage of ribs 1-6, sternum, and Greater tubercle and Flexion, adduction, and medial
Pectoralis major sternal end of clavicle intertubercular sulcus of humerus rotation of arm
Arm abduction
Anterior fibers - flexion and
medial rotation
Lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of Posterior fibers - extension and
Deltoid scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus lateral rotation

Subscapularis* Subscapular fossa of scapula Lesser tubercle of humerus Medial rotation of arm

Supraspinatus* Supraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Arm abduction

Infraspinatus* Infraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation of arm

Teres minor* Lateral border of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation of arm
Extension, adduction and medial
Teres major Posterior inferior angle of scapula Intertubercular sulcus of humerus rotation of arm
Spinous processes of T7-L5 vertebrae, Extension, adduction, and medial
Latissimus dorsi last 4 ribs and iliac crest Intertubercular sulcus of humerus rotation of arm

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM – ELBOW JOINT MOTION

Elbow flexion, supination of
Short head: Coracoid process forearm
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of Arm flexion (long head only –
Biceps brachii scapula Radial tuberosity crosses shoulder joint)

Brachialis
(deep to biceps brachii) Anterior distal humerus Coronoid process of ulna Elbow flexion

Brachioradialis
(superficial muscle of lateral
forearm) Lateral distal humerus Styloid process of radius Elbow flexion
Triceps brachii Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of Olecranon of ulna Elbow extension
(posterior arm) scapula Arm extension and adduction
 Medial and lateral heads: medial/lateral (long head only – crosses
posterior surfaces of humerus shaft shoulder joint)

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HAND – WRIST JOINT MOTION

Flexor carpi radialis (anterior) Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of metacarpals 2 & 3 Wrist flexion, abduction of hand
Medial epicondyle of humerus and
Flexor carpi ulnaris (anterior) olecranon of ulna Carpals and base of metacarpal 5 Wrist flexion, adduction of hand

Extensor carpi radialis longus Lateral supracondylar ridge of Wrist extension, abduction of
(posterior) humerus Base of metacarpal 2 hand
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and Wrist extension, adduction of
Extensor carpi ulnaris (posterior) dorsal ulna Base of metacarpal 5 hand

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH OR LEG – HIP and/or KNEE MOTION
Iliotibial tract and gluteal Hip extension, abduction and
Gluteus maximus Dorsal ilium, sacrum and coccyx tuberosity of femur lateral rotation

Gluteus medius Upper lateral surface of ilium Greater trochanter of femur Hip abduction and medial rotation
Medial tibia inferior to medial Hip adduction; knee flexion
Gracilis Inferior ramus and body of pubis condyle (crosses knee joint)

Ilipsoas Group: Iliacus and Psoas major – combined tendon insertion onto femur

Iliacus Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter Hip flexion and trunk flexion
Bodies and transverse processes of Hip flexion and trunk flexion,
Psoas major T12-L5 vertebrae Lesser trochanter including lateral
Hip flexion, abduction and lateral
Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Medial aspect of proximal tibia rotation; knee flexion
Steadies the leg and trunk;
hip flexion, abduction and medial
Tensor fascia lata Anterior superior iliac spine Iliotibial tract rotation

Hamstrings (posterior thigh):

Biceps femoris Long head: Ischial tuberosity Head of fibula and lateral Hip extension; knee flexion
Short head: Linea aspera and distal condyle of tibia
 femur

Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Medial aspect of proximal tibia Hip extension; knee flexion
Semimembranosus
(deep to semitendinosus) Ischial tuberosity Posterior medial condyle of tibia Hip extension; knee flexion

Quadriceps femoris (anterior thigh):

Patella and tibial tuberosity via Hip flexion; knee extension

Rectus femoris Anterior inferior iliac spine patellar ligament (crosses hip joint)
Vastus intermedius Patella and tibial tuberosity via
(deep to rectus femoris) Anterior and lateral proximal femur patellar ligament Knee extension
Greater trochanter and proximal half of Patella and tibial tuberosity via
Vastus lateralis linea aspera of femur patellar ligament Knee extension
Patella and tibial tuberosity via
Vastus medialis Linea aspera of femur patellar ligament Knee extension

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT – ANKLE JOINT MOTION

Lateral condyle and proximal shaft of
Tibialis anterior tibia Metatarsal 1 and medial tarsal bone Dorsiflexion; foot inversion

Gastrocnemius Femoral condyles Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Plantar flexion; knee flexion
Soleus
(deep to gastrocnemius) Proximal fibula and tibia Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Plantar flexion
Curves under foot to metatarsal 1
Fibularis (peroneus) longus Superior 2/3 of lateral fibula and medial tarsal bone Plantar flexion; foot eversion