Lecture 3

Scanners and its Types, Output

Devices
Course instructor: Dr. Shabana Bibi
Scanners
• Scanners are input devices.
• They are capable of entering information directly into
the computer.
• The main advantage of direct entry of information is
that users do not have to key the information.
• And another advantage is that through Scanners you
can input Graphical Data into the computer. This
Provides faster and more accurate data entry.
Image scanner
• It’s an input device, which translates paper documents
into an electronic format which can b stored in a
computer.
• The input document may be typed text, pictures,
graphics or even handwritten material.
• There are two types of image scanner:
Flatbed scanner
Handheld scanner
Flatbed scanner
• It’s like a zerox machine which consist of box having a
glass plate on its top and a lid to covers the glass
plate.
• The document placed inside the glass plate & light
source is situated blow glass plate which moves
horizontally from left to write & scanning document
line by line.
Handheld scanner
• It contains a set of light emitting diodes encased in
small case which can be conveniently held in hand.
• To scan a document the scanner is slowly dragged on
the document.
• The scanner has to be dragged carefully & steadily
otherwise the document cannot scan properly.
• Used when higher accuracy is not required.
Optical Scanners
• OMR (OPTICAL MARK READER)
• OCR (OPTICAL CHARACTER READER) DEVICE
• MICR (MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION)
• BCR (BAR CODE READER) DEVICE
OMR (OPTICAL MARK READER)
• OMR is a device that is capable of recognised pre-specified type of
mark made by pencil or pen.
• The Optical Mark Reader is a device which can detect the presence or
absence of a mark on a paper.
• The OMR recognise the marks by focusing a light on the paper being
scanned & detect the reflected light pattern from mark.
• The present mark is detected due to intensity of light being reflected
from the mark.
• Pencil marks made with soft lead pencil reflect the light which
allowing the OMR to determine which response are mark.
• OMR is used in reading answers sheets, questionnaires.
OMR (OPTICAL MARK READER)
ADVANTAGES
• Speedy and accurate to generate result.
• Cheap in cost.
DISADVANTAGE
• Cannot able to read characters.
• Erasing or cancellation is not possible.
• Good quality expensive paper is required.
OCR (OPTICAL CHARACTER READER) DEVICE
• OCR capable of recognizing alphabets & numbers printed on paper.
• It can also capable of recognise shape & identify character directly
from source document.
• It is always used with character recognized software.
• It converts bitmap images of character to equivalent ASCII code.
• First it create bitmap image of document & OCR software translate
into ASCII code which computer interprets letter, symbol or number.
• The type of document must be type using OCR fonts.
• The software design to recognised the standard OCR-A(American
standard) & OCR- B(European standard)
OCR (OPTICAL CHARACTER READER) DEVICE
ADVANTAGES
• Speedy entered data.
• Accept wide range of font using ordinary mark.
DISADVANTAGE
• Expensive
• Scanned properly only if the characters are standard size.
• Dusty paper cant scanned properly.
MICR (MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER
RECOGNITION)
• MICR systems use special ink which can be magnetized, to print characters
that can then be read and decoded by special magnetic devices.
• The common E13B font is used to write these special kinds of cheques.
• E13B font contains 0-9 numbers & 4 symbols.
• Detection of characters is a two step process.
• First MICR Reader-Sorter reads the data on cheques & sorts the cheques
for distribution for further processing.
• The reading station is used to sense and identify the magnetic characters as
they pass through.
• Magnetized characters are read by the head. E.g. MICR is used in Banks to
cheques the MICR systems use special ink which can be magnetized, to
print characters cheques.
MICR (MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER
RECOGNITION)
ADVANTAGES
• Speedy data entry.
• Accurate output.
• Folded or roughly handled cheques are also scanned with
same accuracy.
DISADVANTAGE
• MICR software is required.
• Limited fonts are used so used in banking industries only.
 BCR (BAR CODE READER) DEVICE
• Data can be coded in the form of small lines which are known as Bar Codes.
• Bar codes represent the alphanumeric data by combination of vertical lines
which contains different width & spacing between them.
• Bar Code Reader is a device which are used to recognized bar code data.
• It scanned the barcode image & converted into alphanumeric value & fed to
computer.
• It uses laser-beam technology. Laser stroke across the pattern of bar which
sensed by light sensitive decoder & their reflection of light pattern are converted
into electrical pulse which converted it into alphanumeric value.
• Various barcodes are available for different use.
• Most common is UPC (UNIVERSAL PRODUCT CODE).
• It contain 10 digit first 5 identify the manufacturer name & remaining identify a
specific product.
Output Devices
Output Devices:
• The devices which display the result generated by the
computer are known as output devices.
• Monitor, printer, plotter, speaker etc are the example of
output devices.
Function of Output Devices:
• Accept the result form the CPU.
• Convert that result into human readable form.
• Display the result on the output device.
 Monitor
• The monitor is the common output device mostly used It is a
softcopy output device.
• It can be thought of as a high resolution TV set.
• The monitor can also determine if the display will be colour, black
and white, or include graphical objects (pictures).
• Two types of monitors are used.
• CRT monitors.
• Non CRT monitors.
• Most computer monitors are based on Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
technology.
• The basic operation of these tubes is similar to that in television
sets.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• In CRT display CRT is a specialized vacuum tube in which images are produced when
electron beam strikes a phosphor surface.
• CRT monitor contains cathode, control grid, acceleration anode, deflection plates &
phosphor coated screen.
• Cathode: the cathode is heated by filament and produced high speed & large amount
of electrons.
• Control Grid: used to control the brightness of the screen. It controls the number of
electrons.
• Accelerating anodes: they are with focusing lens are applied with positive electrons.
• Horizontal deflection plate: moves electron side by side.
• Vertical deflection: moves electrons up & down.
• Screen: contains millions of tiny red, green, blue phosphor dot that glow when struck
by electron beam that travels across screen to create a visible image.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display
• ADVANTAGES OF CRT DISPLAY
• Produce more colors.
• Price is lower than LCD & Plasma.
• High contrast ratio.
• Can easily increase brightness of monitor by reflecting the
light.
• DISADVANTAGES OF CRT DISPLAY
• High power consumed.
• Heavy to pick up and carry.
• Large space required.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
• In LCD, a liquid crystalline material is sandwiched between two
glass or a plastic plates.
• The front plate is transparent and the back plate is reflective.
• There is a coating of thin film on the front plate.
• The coating is transparent and conductive. Its sections
(segments) are in the shape of desired characters.
• LCDs do not emit their own light. Therefore, a light source is to
be used.
• LCDs simply change the reflection of available light. Today, most
LCDs used are of the type that produces dark images on a silver
background.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
• Advantages:
• Light weight as compare to CRT.
• Perfectly flat screen.
• Consumed low electricity power.
• Able to generate higher brightness in images.
• Disadvantages:
• Fixed resolution that cannot be changed.
• Expensive than CRT display.
• Limited viewing angle.
• Short life.
 PDP (Plasma Displays Panel)
• In Plasma Displays, ionized gas is sandwiched between two glass
plates.
• A number of parallel wires run horizontally as well as vertically.
• A small amount of current is passed through one horizontal and
one vertical wire to cause the gas to glow at a spot at the
intersection of the wires.
• The IBM 581 display employs 960 horizontal and 768 vertical
pixel as compared to IBM-PC colour graphic adapter which is
provided with 320 X 200 pixels in medium resolution and 640 X
200 in high resolution.
PDP (Plasma Displays Panel)
• Advantages:
• Large viewing angle.
• Thinner in width.
• Free standing or can be easily mounted on wall.
• Clear image, brighter viewing angle, better colour quality & high contrast ratio.
• Disadvantages:
• The plasma displays screens are costly.
• These are available on the selected models of portable computers.
• More electricity than LCD.
• As your plasma get older the brightness get dimmer.