INTERNET

 Interconnected Network ---- Network of Networks is called Internet

Father of Internet = Vint Cerf ( Founder of Internet )
Wide Area Network (Global Area Network)
Protocol= TCP/IP
 Largest network in the World
 No single Authority----
History of Internet
 1969 :- ARPANET ( Advanced Research Projects Administration Network) was the
first network of the World—To connect computers at different universities and US
Defense ( University of California and University of Utah were connected)- using 50 KB
 In 1980 :- NSFnet :- National science Foundation Network --- high Capacity network,
More capable then ARPANET--- Allowed only academic Research and Govt Businesses on
its network and Not allowed Private business on it.
 Internet = ARPANET and NSFnet and other private organisation( World wide
Network)
1989 :- WWW (World Wide Web) Tim Berners Lee----Globalization of Network
1995;- VSNL( Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited )- beginning of Internet in India

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 World Wide Web( WWW)
Commonly known as Web - is an information system, where documents and other
web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locator and through hyper links can
be shared over the internet.
Developed by = Tim Berners Lee
Web Page
Web Page is an electronic Page
Web Page can contain text, Images , diagrams, audio, Vedio, Hyperlinks
Created by HTML---Hyper text Markup Language
Website
Collection of Web Pages in which all web pages are linked to each other by hyperlink
Home Page :- First Page of Website
World’s first Website = www. Info.cern.ch
Developer = Tim Berners Lee
First Website of India = www.rediff.com( Ajit balakrishnan)

Web Browser
A Web Browser is an application software that is used to search and display the content of
the World Wide Web.
World’s First Browser= World Wide Web( Created by Tim Berners Lee)
It Graphical Web Browser = Mosaic
Famous Web Browsers ;- Google Chrome( Google), Internet Explorer, Edge ( Microsoft),
Mozila Firefox, Netscape, Safari( Apple), Opera.
 Search Engine
This is type of Website, designed to search information on WWW
Ist Search Engine = Archie
India’s First Search Engine = guruji.com
Famous and Mostly used = Google
Yahoo, Rediff, Bing, Baidu( china), Ask.com ( America), Aol ( American online),
Youtube, Hotmail, Gmail, Google Earth, Duck Duck go, Yandex,
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Uniform Resource Locator ( URL)
Invented by ;- Tim Berners Lee in 1991
It is a web address on the internet identify the location of a specific web page.
Example
http:// www.google.com
http --- protocol
www--- world wide web
Google .com = domain name

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 Internet Connections
 Bandwidth and Cost :- the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over an
internet connection in a given amount of time
Measured in ( Mbps) like 40 Mbps
Different types of Internet Connections available for Internet access
1. Dial-up Connections :- it is a method of connecting with internet by using an existing
telephone ( PSTN)-Public Switched telephone Network
Dial-up Connection uses the telephone line to connect to the Internet ( speed 56 Kbps)
Disadvantage :- No simultaneous phone call and Internet at a time.
2. Broadband Connection :-
High Speed Internet Access faster than dial up ( 256 KB)
It uses a telephone line, co –axial , Fiber or satellite to connect to the internet.
3. Digital Subscriber Line( DSL) :- It is type of Broadband Connection
It is connected through telephone Network but it is faster and simultaneous phone calls
and internet at a time is possible
Twisted Pair Cable is used in DSL
4. Cable Modem :- It provides Broadband using C0-axial Cable.
5. Broadband Over Power Line :- BPL is the delivery of broadband over the existing and
Medium voltage electric Power distribution Network
6. Fiber Optic :- Fastest of all --- Internet is connected through Fibre Optic Cable
Signal transfer through Light ----------
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Domain Name
A domain name is a special name which is the address of the website.
Name and extension name separated by dot.
e.g. Google.com
Some of the main domain names of the organization
.Com( Commercial)
.edu ( Education)
. In ( India)
.Org( Non-profit)
.Int( International organisation)
.Au( Austrialia)
.US( United states of America)
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 Wireless Connection
 Wi-Fi ( Wireless Fidelity ) :- Wi-Fi allows high speed internet connection without the
use of cables or wires
 Wi-Fi networks can be used for public internet access at hotspots such as hotels,
airports etc
Range = 100 Feet
WIMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access :- It is one of the Hottest broadband
wireless technologies around today
Range = 50 KMs
Internet Access via tower – A tower is installed which transmits the internet signals .
A Part of the 4th generation computer
Mobile Broadband
Mobile Broadband can be accessed by using a small portable USB Modem( Dongle)
Lower speed provider
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Intranet
 Private Network( No Sharable)
Protocol= TCP/IP
 Network used by employees through user name and Password
Security = Firewall

Extranet
 Controlled Private Network
Uses pubic network to share information with client /supplier/vendors
Restricted to selected users
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 Interconnecting Protocols
 Set of Rules that govern the data communication.
 Rules for internet usage.
 What is communicated, how is communicated and when to communicated
Transmission Control Protocol :- ( TCP)
IT ensures the message sent from Sender to receiver is properly routed
It guarantees of successful transmission of data.( Acknowledgment)
It establishes the connection with prior to communication
It divides the data into small packets send it to the destination.
Internet Protocol:- (IP)
Internet Protocol is used for addressing through the data reaches the final decision.
It transmits the data in the form of Packets.
Each IP Packet must contain the source and destination address.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Protocol used for transferring of files from one system to another over the internet.
It can transfer files between any computers that have an internet connection and also work
between computers using totally different Operating system.
User can upload files from their computers to various websites or download from websites
to their PCs
Hyper text transfer Protocol ( HTTP)/Communication Protocol
HTTP Protocol is used to access data from the World Wide Web.( WWW Database where
data is stored )---
HTTPs ( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secured) --- it tells you the website is secured.
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IP ADRESSES
Internet Protocol Address - provided by IANA( Internet Assigned Number Authority ) to
Internet Service Provider ( ISP)
IP Addresses :- Specific Number unique in nature assigned to each device connected to a
computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
IP address is unique address , No two computers connection on the internet can have
same address
Without IP address we cant access to the Internet.
Version of IP Address

Internet Protocol Version 4 ( IPv4) Internet Protocol Version 6 ( IPv6)

32 Bit ( 4 Bytes) 128 Bits( 16 Bytes )
It consists of four group of digits from 0 It consists of eight group of digits Separated
to 255 by colons.
e.g 173.225.0.14

MAC Address ( Media Access Control Address)

Physical address/ Machine Address/Uniqe address/Hardware Address on NIC Card
48 Bits ( 6 Byte)--------
It is provided by device’s vendor at the time of Manufacturing- Permanent
 E-Mail
E-Mail( Electronic Mail) is a way to send and receive messages across the internet.
To receive emails, you will need an email account and an email address
E-Mail Addresses are always written in a standard format that includes a user name,
the @ (at) symbol, and the email providers domain
[email protected]
Important Facts
 The first email was sent by Ray Tomilson to himself in 1971
 E Mail message comprises of different components :- Email Header, Greeting, Text
and Signature
Email Header
To:- To whom the message is send ( recipient address)
Subject :- The Purpose of the email
CC;- ( Carbon Copy ) --- it includes those recipient but everyone knows about the copy
BCC;- ( Blind Carbon Copy)----( they are secret copies)--- it is used when we don’t want
one or more of the recipients to known that someone else was copied on the
message.
Text:- Actual content of the message

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 E-Mail Protocols
1. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( SMTP) :_ is used to sent and receive
the mails over the internet
2. Post office Protocol( POP) :- is used to retrieve email for a single client
3. Internet Message Access Protocol :- ( IMAP) :_ is sued to retrieve emails
for multiple clients
4. MIME ( Mutlipurpose internet Mail Extension Protocol) :_ is an
additional email protocol that allows the non-ASCII data be sent
through SMTP.
It is used to send and receive the message both audio, images , vedios and
other applications programs on the internet.
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 Other terms related with E-Mail
Draft :- Written Email but not send and saved in Draft.
Outbox :- if email is sent, and internet error occurs
Spam :- Junk emails are called spam e.g advertisement
Trash Bin :- Deleted Mail are saved here for 30 days
Archieved :- Important mails are saved
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