Marking Scheme of Pre Board I (Set B)

Section A
20 x 1 = 20
This section contains multiple choice question (MCQ) of 1 mark each
0 𝑘 −2
1. If a matrix A = (3 0 3 ) is a singular matrix. Then the value
2 −3 0
of k is
A) − 3 B) 3
A
C) all real values D) None of these
2. The number of square matrices or order 3 x 3 whose every entry is
either -1 or 3 is
A) 9 B) 18
C
C) 512 D) None of these
1 3 1 2
3. Function f(x) = 3 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 102 is
A) Increasing B) Strictly
increasing B
C) Decreasing D) Strictly
decreasing
4. If |A| = 4 where A is a square matrix of order 3, then the value of |adj
A| + |A/| is
A) 64 B) 12
C
C) 20 D) None of these

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
5. Integrating factor of the differential equation + = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 is
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
A) log x B) x
B
C) 𝑒 𝑥 D) none of these
6. The diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix are
A) 0 B) 1
A
C) − 1 D) None of these
0 2𝑏 −2
7. If a matrix A = ( 3 1 3 ) is a symmetric matrix. Then the
3𝑎 3 −1
correct statement from the following is
A) ab =1 B) ab = -1
B
5 13
C) a + b = 6 D) a + b = − 6
8. In a single throw of a die, A = event of getting odd numbers and B =
 event of getting prime numbers, then
A) A and B are independent events B) A and B are
not independent events B
1
C) 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = D) None of these
3
9. Projection of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ on the vector 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ −
3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ is
2√14
A) 0 B) 7
B
C) 4 D) None of these
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
10. If |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏| = 4 , 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏 = 3 and |𝑏| = 5, then 𝑎⃗ is
A) A zero vector B) Vector with
magnitude 2 units C
C) A unit vector D) None of these
11. In a linear programming problem, feasible region is the region
where
A) All possible solutions satisfying all the constraints of the
problems exist. A
B) Only optimal solution exist
C) Only non-negative solutions exist
D) None of these
2𝑥 −3𝑥
12. ∫ 5𝑥
𝑑𝑥 is
2𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔2−3𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2 𝑥 2
A) +𝐶 B) ( ) log ( ) −
5𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 5 5
3 𝑥 3
(5) log (5) + 𝐶 B
1 𝑥 1
C) (− ) log ( ) + 𝐶 D) None of these
5 5
3 7
13. ∫−3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 is
A) 0 B) 1
A
C) -1 D) None of these
14. General solution of the differential equation x dx + y dy = 0 is a
A) Parabola B) Circle
B
C) Hyperbola D) Ellipse
15. Domain of 𝑦 = sin−1(2𝑥 − 1) is
A) [-1,1] B) [0,2]
C
C) [0,1] D) None of these
16. The corner points of the feasible region of an LPP are (0,4),(0.6,1.6)
and (3,0) as shown in the figure. The minimum value of the objective
function z = 4x + 6y occurs at
A) (0.6,1.6) only B) (3,0) only
 D
C) (0.6,1.6) and (3,0) only D) at every point
of the line segment joining points (3,0) and (0.6,1.6)
17. The relation described by R = {(a, b) : a and b are natural numbers
s.t. a ≤ b} is
A) Equivalence relation B) Not reflexive
C
C) Not symmetric D) Not transitive
18. Area of the region bounded by x-axis, x2 = 12y and the line x = 3 in
the first quadrant is
A) 3 sq units B) 9 sq units
A
C) 4.5 sq units D) None of these

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

19. Assertion(A): f(x) = [x] is not differentiable at integral points.
C
Reason(R) : If a function is not differentiable at a point, then it in
not continuous thereat.
20. Assertion(A): f(x) = x4, where x is any prime number is one-one
function. A
Reason(R): A function is one – one if 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) ⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 for
all 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛

Section
B

5 x 2 = 10
This section contains 5 very short answer type (VSA) of 2 marks each
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
21. Simplify: tan−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝜋
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1−cos( −𝜃)
Answer: tan−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= tan−1 ( 𝜋
2
)=
sin( −𝜃)
2
𝜋 𝜃
2 sin2 ( − )
−1 4 2
tan ( 𝜋 𝜃 𝜋 𝜃 )
2 sin( − ) cos( − )
4 2 4 2
1
𝜋 𝜃
= tan−1 (tan ( 4 − 2 )) =
𝜋 𝜃
4
−2
1

22. Find the rate of change in the area of a circle with respect to its
radius when the radius is 10 cm.
 Answer: let, r be the radius of the circle
Then, A = area of the circle = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝐴
Then, = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟
1
𝑑𝐴 2
At, r = 10 cm, = 20𝜋 𝑐𝑚 /𝑐𝑚
𝑑𝑟
1
23. Find the derivative of tan−1 𝑥 with respect to sin−1 𝑥, x∈ [−1,1]
𝑑
𝑑(tan−1 𝑥) (tan−1 𝑥)
Answer: 𝑑(sin−1 𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(sin−1 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1
1
1+𝑥2 √1−𝑥 2
= 1 = 1+𝑥 2
√1−𝑥2
1
OR,
𝑑2𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥 2 if 𝑥 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) and 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
𝜃
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2 cos2 𝜃
2
Answer: 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 𝜃 𝜃 = − cot 2
−2 sin cos
2 2
1/2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝜃
So, 𝑑𝑥 2 = 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑑𝑥 (− cot 2 )
1/2
1 𝜃
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 2 2
= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑑𝑥
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1/2
1 𝜃 𝜃
= − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 sec
4 2 2
1/2
24. Let, 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 be the angles made by a vector with the three co-
ordinate axes. Find the value of cos2 𝛼 +
2 2
cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛾.
Answer: let the vector be 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑗̂
𝑟⃗∙𝑖̂ 𝑎
A/Q, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = =
|𝑟⃗| √𝑎2 +𝑏 2 +𝑐 2
1
𝑏 𝑐
Similarly, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = 2 2 2 and 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛾 = 2 2 2
√𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑐 √𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑐
1/2
So, cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + cos2 𝛾 = 1.
1/2
OR,
If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are three unit vectors such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = ⃗⃗
0, find the
angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗.
2
Answer: we have, 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0 ⃗⃗ ⇒ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ = −𝑐⃗ ⇒ |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = |−𝑐⃗|2
 1/2
2
⇒ |𝑎⃗|2 + |𝑏⃗⃗| + 2𝑎⃗ ∙
𝑏⃗⃗ = |𝑐⃗|2 1/2
⇒1+1+
1
⃗⃗
2|𝑎⃗||𝑏|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = −
2
1/2

2𝜋
So, 𝜃 =
3
1/2
25. Find the unit vector which is perpendicular to the vectors 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ and
𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂.
Answer: let, 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ .
1/2
⃗⃗
𝑎⃗⃗×𝑏
So, unit vector along the perpendicular to the vectors = ⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗×𝑏
1/2
̂
5𝑖̂ +15𝑗̂ +7𝑘
=±
√299

Section C6 x 3 =
18
This section contains 6 short answer type (SA) of 3 marks each
26. The volume of a cube is increasing at a constant rate. Prove that the
increase in surface area varies inversely as the length of the edge of
the cube.
Answer: let, l be the length of the edge of the cube and V be the volume
So, V = l3
𝑑𝑉 𝑑
A/Q, = 𝑘 ⇒ (𝑙3 ) = 𝑘, 𝑘 being a constant
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙 𝑘
So, =
𝑑𝑡 3𝑙 2
1
Then, S = surface are of the cube = 6l 2
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑙 𝑘 4𝑘
So, = 12𝑙 = 12 𝑙 2 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 3𝑙 𝑙
1
𝑑𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑙
1/2
Thus, change of S is inversely proportional to l.
1/2

4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜋
27. Show that 𝑦 = − 𝜃 is an increasing function of 𝜃 in [0, 2 ].
2+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Answer: here, 𝑦 = −𝜃
2+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝑦 8𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+4 cos2 𝜃+4 sin2 𝜃−(4+4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+cos2 𝜃 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(4−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
So, = (2+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2
= (2+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2
𝑑𝜃
1
𝜋
For 𝜃 in [0, ], 0 ≤ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ≤ 1
2
1/2
4 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 > 0 and (2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 > 0
1/2
𝑑𝑦 (𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦)(𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦)
Hence, 𝑑𝜃
= 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
= 𝑛𝑜𝑛 −
𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 1/2
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
Thus, 𝑑𝜃 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑦 is increasing in [0, 2 ]
1/2

1−𝑥 7𝑦−14 𝑧−3 7−7𝑥

28. Find the value of p so that the lines 3
= 2𝑝
= 2
and 3𝑝
=
𝑦−5 6−𝑧
1
= 5
are at right angles.
1−𝑥 7𝑦−14 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
Answer: lines are 3
= 2𝑝
= 2
⇒ −3
= 2𝑝 = 2
---(i)
7
1/2
7−7𝑥 𝑦−5 6−𝑧 𝑥−1 𝑦−5 𝑧−6
And, = = ⇒ 3𝑝 = = ---(ii)
3𝑝 1 5 − 1 −5
7
1/2
Since, lines are at right angle, so
3𝑝 2𝑝
(−3) (− ) + ( ) (1) + (2)(−5) = 0
7 7
1
70
⇒ 9𝑝 + 2𝑝 = 70 ⇒ 𝑝 =
11
1
OR,
Find the value of k if the points (k, -10, 3), (1, -1, 3) and (3, 5, 3) are
collinear.
Answer: let, the points be A, B and C respectively.
Since, A, B and C are collinear, DRs of AB and DRs of BC are
proportional 1
1−𝑘 9 0
⇒ = =
2 6 0
1
⇒ 𝑘 = −2
1
𝑥2
29. Evaluate the integral: ∫ (𝑥 2+1)(𝑥 2+5) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 1 5(𝑥 2 +1)−(𝑥 2 +5)
Answer: ∫ (𝑥 2+1)(𝑥 2+5) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥 2 +5)
𝑑𝑥
1
 1 5 1
= 4 ∫ (𝑥 2+5 − 𝑥 2+1) 𝑑𝑥
1
1 𝑥
= (√5 tan−1 −1
− 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) + 𝑐
4 √5
1
OR,
2
Evaluate the integral: ∫0 (2 − 𝑥)𝑚 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
Answer: 𝐼 = ∫0 (2 − 𝑥)𝑚 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 𝑏 𝑏
= ∫0 𝑥 𝑚 (2 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 [∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 +
𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥] 1
2
2𝑥 𝑚+1 𝑥 𝑚+2
= 𝑚+1
− 𝑚+2 |
0
1
2𝑚+2 2𝑚+2
= − −0+0
𝑚+1 𝑚+2
1/2
2𝑚+2
= (𝑚+1)(𝑚+2)
1/2
30. Determine the maximum value of z =11x+7y subject to the constraints
2x + y ≤ 6, x ≤ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

Answer:
(2 marks for
correct graph and 1 mark for correct optimal solution)

The

optimal solution is Z = 42
 It is obtained for the values of x=0 and y=6

31. Two dice are thrown together and the total score is noted. The events
E, F and G are ‘a total score of 4’, ‘a total score of 9 or more’ and ‘a
total score divisible by 5’ respectively. Calculate P(E), P(F) and P(G)
and decide which pairs of events are independent.
1 1 7
Answer: P(E) = , P(F) = , P(G) =
12 9 36
1
P(E∩F) = 0, P(F∩G) = 0, P(E∩G) = 0
1
No pairs are independent
1
OR,
Find the probability distribution of the number of heads in a single
throw of four unbiased dice simultaneously.
Answer: Let, X = number of head when four unbiased coins are thrown
once 1/2
Then, X = 0,1,2,3,4 are possible values
1/2
The probability distribution table is
2

X 0 1 2 3 4
1 1 3 1 1
P(X=x) 16 4 8 4 16

Section D4 x 5 =
20
This section contains 4 long answer type (LA) of 5 marks each
 31.
Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse
x2 y2
+
16 9 = 1.

Sol. Equation of ellipse is

x2 y2

16 +9 = 1 ...(i)

Here a2(= 16) > b2(= 9)

y2
x2
From
(i), 9 = 1– 16

= 16  x
2

16
9
 y2 = 1 (16 – x2)
6
3
 y ...(ii)
= 4 16  x2
for arc of ellipse in first
quadrant.
Ellipse (i) is symmetrical about
x-axis.

(... On changing y  – y in (i), it remains

unchanged).
Ellipse (i) is symmetrical about y-axis.
(... On changing x  – x in (i), it remains
unchanged)
Intersections of ellipse (i) with x-axis ( y = 0)
x2
Putting y = 0 in (i), = 1  x2 = 16  x =  4
16

 Intersections of ellipse (i) with x-axis are (4, 0) and (–

4, 0).
Intersections of ellipse (i) with y-axis (x = 0)
y2
Putting x = 0 in 9 = 1  y2 = 9  y =  3.
 Intersections of ellipse (i) with y-axis are (0, 3) and
(0, – 3).
 Area of region bounded by ellipse (i)
= Total shaded area
= 4 × Area OAB of ellipse in first quadrant
4
= 4  0 y dx (... At end B
of arc AB of ellipse;
x = 0 and at end A of arc AB; x
4 3
= 4  = 4)
16  x2 ax [By (ii)]
0 4
4
4
x
= 3  42  x2 ax = sin1 
3
42
 42  x2 
0 2 2 4 0
 x
a2 –1

 ax =
∵  + sin 
4  2 a
= 3  8 sin 1  (0  8 sin
1 1
0  8
16  16 0) = 3
 2   2 
∵ sin   1  sin1 1   and sin 0  0  sin1 0 
0
 2 2 
= 3(4) = 12 sq. units.
32. An amount of ₹ 5000 is put into three investments at the rate of interest of 6%,7% and 8% per annum respectively. The
total annual interest is ₹ 358. If the combined interest from the first two investments is ₹ 70 more than the interest from
the third, find the amount of each investment by matrix method.
Answer:

1/2

1
Solving, we get, x = 1750, y =1500, z = 1750 1
So, the respective investments are ₹1750, ₹1500, ₹1750 1/2
33. Examine the continuity of the function at the point x = 1 and differentiability at x = 2 given below:
5𝑥 − 4 ; 0<𝑥<1
𝑓(𝑥) = {4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 ; 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
3𝑥 + 4 ; 𝑥≥2
Answer: Continuity at x = 1
LHL = lim− (5𝑥 − 4) = 1 1/2
𝑥→1
RHL = lim+ (4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) = 1 1/2
𝑥→
And, f (1) = 1 1/2
So, LHL (at x = 1) = RHL (at x = 1) = f (1) 1/2
So, f is continuous at x = 1 1/2

Differentiability at x = 2:
𝑓(2+ℎ)−𝑓(2) 4(2+ℎ)2 −3(2+ℎ)−(3(2)+4) 4ℎ2 +13ℎ
LHD = lim− ℎ
= lim− ℎ
= lim− ℎ
= 13 1/2
ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ→0
𝑓(2+ℎ)−𝑓(2) 3(2+ℎ)+4−(3(2)+4) 3ℎ
RHD = lim+ ℎ
= lim+ ℎ
= lim+ ℎ
=3 1/2
ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ→0
Thus, LHD ≠ RHD 1/2
So, derivative does not exist at x = 2
OR,
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
If x = sin t and y = sin pt, prove that (1 − 𝑥2) 2 −𝑥 + 𝑝2 𝑦 = 0 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Answer:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑡 𝑝 cos 𝑝𝑡
= = 1/2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝑡 cos 𝑡
 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑝 cos 𝑝𝑡 −𝑝2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 cos 𝑡+𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑡 −𝑝2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 cos 𝑡+𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
And, = ( )= ( ) = = 1
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑡 cos2 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 cos3 𝑡
2 −𝑝2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 cos 𝑡+𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
2) 𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 2 𝑝 cos 𝑝𝑡
Now, (1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑝 𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥 ) cos3 𝑡
− 𝑥 cos 𝑡 + 𝑝 2 sin pt 1/2
−𝑝 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 cos 𝑡+𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+𝑥 𝑝 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 cos 𝑡−𝑥 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡−𝑥𝑝 cos 𝑝𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡+𝑝2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡
2 2 2 2
= cos3 𝑡
1/2
−𝑝2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 cos 𝑡+𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+sin2 𝑡 𝑝2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 cos 𝑡−sin2 𝑡 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡−sin 𝑡 𝑝 cos 𝑝𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡+𝑝2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡
= 1/2
cos3 𝑡
𝑝2 sin 𝑝𝑡(− cos 𝑡+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡+cos3 𝑡)+𝑝(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡−sin2 𝑡 cos 𝑝𝑡 sin 𝑡−sin 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑡 cos2 𝑡)
= 1/2
cos3 𝑡
𝑝2 sin 𝑝𝑡(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡+cos 𝑡(sin2 𝑡+cos2 𝑡)+𝑝(cos 𝑝𝑡 sin 𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑡 sin 𝑡(sin2 𝑡+cos2 𝑡) )
= 1/2
cos3 𝑡
𝑝2 sin 𝑝𝑡.(−cost+ cos 𝑡)+𝑝(cos 𝑝𝑡 sin 𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑡 sin 𝑡)
= 1/2
cos3 𝑡
=0 1/2
Hence proved.
𝑥 2𝑦−6 1−𝑧
34. Find the distance between the line 2 = 4 = −1 and another line parallel to it which passes through the point (4, 0, -5).
𝑥 2𝑦−6 1−𝑧 𝑥−0 𝑦−3 𝑧−1
Answer: given line is 2 = 4
= −1
⇒ 2
= 2
= 1
---(i) 1/2

𝑥−4 𝑦−0 𝑧+5

The line parallel to (i) and passing through (4, 0, -5) is 2
= 2
= 1
---(ii) 1

So, required distance between the parallel lines (i) and (ii) is given by
̂ )−(3𝑗̂ +𝑘
|((4𝑖̂ −5𝑘 ̂ ))×(2𝑖̂ +2𝑗̂ +𝑘
̂ )|
̂|
|2𝑖̂ +2𝑗̂ +𝑘
1
|(4𝑖̂ −3𝑗̂ −6𝑘̂ )×(2𝑖̂ +2𝑗̂ +𝑘
̂ )|
= 3
1/2
̂|
|9𝑖̂ −16𝑗̂ +14𝑘
= 1
3
√81+256+196
= 3
1/2
√533
= units 1/2
3

OR,
Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line 𝑟⃗ = (𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ), where 𝜆 is a scalar. Also, find the distance
of the image from the y-axis.
Answer:
Given line is 𝑟⃗ = (𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) + 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ) ---(i)
Let, the image of the point P(1, 6, 3) on (i) be Q(α, β, γ) 1/2
𝛼+1 𝛽+6 𝛾+3
Then, clearly mid point M of PQ lies on the line (i), where M = ( . , ) 1/2
2 2 2
𝛼+1 𝛽+6 𝛾+3
Then, (i) implies 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ = (𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) + 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂) 1
2 2 2
So, 𝛼 = 2𝜆 − 1, 𝛽 = 4𝜆 − 4, 𝛾 = 6𝜆 + 1 1/2
Also, PQ and (i) are perpendicular to each other so,
So, (1)(𝛼 − 1) + (2)(𝛽 − 6) + (3)(𝛾 − 3) = 0 1
⇒ 2𝜆 − 2 + 8𝜆 − 20 + 18𝜆 − 6 = 0
⇒𝜆=1 1/2
So, required image of the point P is (1, 0, 7) 1/2
Also, distance of the image from the y-axis is √12 + 72 = 5√2 units 1/2

Section E 3 x 4 = 12
This section contains 3 case study based questions of 4 marks each
35. Case study – 1

A potter made a mud vessel where the shape of the pot is based on f(x) = |x – 3| + |x – 2|, where f(x) represents the height
of the pot.
 (A) When x > 4, what will be the height of the pot in terms of x?
Answer: when x > 4, then x – 3 > 0 and x – 2 > 0 so, f(x) = x – 3 + x – 2 =2x – 5 1
(B) Will the slope of the pot vary with the value of x?
−2𝑥 + 5, 𝑥≤2
Answer: we can redefine f(x) as 𝑓(𝑥) = { 1, 2<𝑥<3
2𝑥 − 5, 𝑥≥3
We can see that, for slope of the pot is – 2 when 𝑥 ≤ 2
0 when 2 < 𝑥 < 3
2 when 𝑥 ≥ 3
So, slopes vary for value of x 1

𝑑𝑦
(C) What is at x = 3?
𝑑𝑥
𝑓(3+ℎ)−𝑓(3) 1−1
Answer: LHD = lim− ℎ
= lim− ℎ
=0 1/2
ℎ→0 ℎ→0
𝑓(3+ℎ)−𝑓(3) 2ℎ
And , RHD = = lim+ = lim+ =2 1/2
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ
So, derivative does not exist at x = 3 1
OR,
Will the potter be able to make a pot using the function f(x) =[x]?
Answer: As the function f(x) =[x] is discontinuous at every integral point, so he can only construct pots of height always
less than 1 units. 2
36. Case study - 2
Students of Grade 12, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side of the playground
ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows of the sapling along the line y =
x – 4. Let, L be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and R be a relation on L.

Based on the given information, answer the following questions:

(A) Let, f: R → R be defined by f(x) = x – 4, then find the range of f(x).
Answer: for x ∈ R, −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ ⇒ −∞ < 𝑥 − 4 < ∞
So, range of f(x) = R 1
(B) Is f one-one?
Answer: let x1, x2 be two arbitrary entries in R such that f(x1) = f(x2)
⇒ x1 – 4 = x2 – 4
⇒ x1 = x2
Hence, f is one – one 1
(C) Let, R = {(L1, L2): L1 || L2 where L1, L2 ∈L}, then, show that R is an equivalence relation.
Answer: R is reflexive as for any L1 ∈ L, L1 || L1
So, (L1, L1)∈ R for any L1 ∈ L 1/2
Again, (L1, L2)∈R ⇒ L1 || L2 ⇒ L2 || L1 ⇒ (L2, L1) ∈ R
So, R is symmetric 1/2
Moreover,
(L1, L2)∈R, (L2, L3)∈R⇒ L1 || L2 and L2 || L3⇒ L1 || L3⇒(L1, L3)∈R
So, R is transitive 1/2
And, hence R is equivalence relation 1/2
OR,
(C) Write the equivalence class of the line 3x – 4y = 5.
Answer: [3x – 4y = 5] = {3x – 4y = k: k∈ R} 2
37. Case study - 3
Jyoti CNC is the largest CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine manufacturing company of India. Their unit in
Bhubaneswar, Odisha has three machine operators A,B and C. The operators supervise the machines while they execute
the task and make any necessary adjustments to produce a better result. Their main focus is to minimize defects as it
increased the cost of operations.
The first operator a produces 1% defective items, whereas the other two operators B and C produces 5% and 7% defective
items respectively.
 Machine operators % of the time on the job
A 50%
B 30%
C 20%

Based on the given information, answer the following questions:

(A) What is the conditional probability that the defective item is produced by the operator A?
Answer:
Let, D be the event that product is defective and E1 be the event that it produced by operator A
50 1
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐷|𝐸1 ) × 5
100 100
So, P(E1| D) = = 50 1 30 5 20 7 = 2
𝑃(𝐴) × + × + × 34
100 100 100 100 100 100
(B) The factory in charge wants to do a quality check. During inspection he picks on item from the stockpile at random.
If the chosen item is defective, then what is the probability that it is not produced by the operator C?
Answer: P(defective items not produce by C) = 1 – P(defective item produced by C)
20 7
𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃(𝐷|𝐸3 ) × 14 20 10
100 100
= 1− P(E3| D) =1− =1− 50 1 30 5 20 7 =1− = = 2
𝑃(𝐴) × + × + × 34 34 17
100 100 100 100 100 100

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