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Friction Class Notes

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19 views4 pages

Friction Class Notes

Uploaded by

debnathshreosi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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**Class Notes on Friction**

**1. Definition of Friction:**


Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of motion between
two surfaces in contact. It acts parallel to the surface and in the opposite direction
of motion.

**Key Points:**
- Friction is a contact force.
- It depends on the nature of the surfaces and the normal force pressing them
together.
- Friction converts kinetic energy into heat, sound, or deformation energy.

---

**2. Types of Friction:**


1. **Static Friction:**
- Acts when there is no relative motion between the surfaces.
- Prevents objects from starting to move.
- Maximum static friction force: \(f_s \leq \mu_s F_N\)
- \(\mu_s\): coefficient of static friction
- \(F_N\): normal force

2. **Kinetic Friction:**
- Acts when there is relative motion between the surfaces.
- Opposes the motion of the object.
- Formula: \(f_k = \mu_k F_N\)
- \(\mu_k\): coefficient of kinetic friction

3. **Rolling Friction:**
- Acts when an object rolls over a surface.
- Significantly smaller than static or kinetic friction.

4. **Fluid Friction:**
- Occurs when objects move through fluids (liquids or gases).
- Example: Air resistance.

---

**3. Factors Affecting Friction:**


1. **Surface Roughness:**
- Rougher surfaces have higher friction.

2. **Normal Force:**
- Greater normal force increases friction.

3. **Material Properties:**
- The coefficient of friction depends on the materials in contact.

4. **Lubrication:**
- Reduces friction by creating a smooth layer between surfaces.

---

**4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Friction:**


**Advantages:**
- Enables walking and driving.
- Helps in gripping objects.
- Generates heat (useful in some cases, like matches).

**Disadvantages:**
- Causes wear and tear.
- Reduces efficiency in machines.
- Produces unwanted heat.

---

**5. Methods to Reduce Friction:**


- Use of lubricants (oil, grease).
- Polishing surfaces.
- Using wheels, rollers, or ball bearings.
- Streamlining objects to reduce air resistance.

---

**6. Applications of Friction:**


1. **Daily Life:**
- Walking, holding objects, braking in vehicles.

2. **Engineering:**
- Design of tires, brakes, and clutches.

3. **Sports:**
- Provides grip for running, cycling, or skiing.

---

**7. Practice Problem:**


A 20 \(kg\) box is pushed across a floor with a coefficient of kinetic friction \(\mu_k =
0.3\). If the normal force is equal to the weight of the box, what is the force of
friction?
**Solution:**
Given:
\(\mu_k = 0.3\), \(F_N = mg = 20 \times 9.8 = 196 \; N\)
\[
f_k = \mu_k F_N = 0.3 \times 196 = 58.8 \; N
\]
Force of friction = \(58.8 \; N\).

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