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Chapter_5_Exercise_Answers_2024

chemistry

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13 views4 pages

Chapter_5_Exercise_Answers_2024

chemistry

Uploaded by

Manvi Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UBC CHEM ChIRP: Chapter 5 – Exercise Answers (2024)

NOTE: The correct answer(s) for each question are written/drawn in red.

Page 5.5
1. For an orbital with n = 3 and mℓ = –1, what is/are the allowed value(s) of ℓ?

The allowed values are ℓ = 1 or ℓ = 2.

2. For each of the following sets of quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ)) decide whether or not they correspond to a
wavefunction that is a solution to the Schrödinger equation.

(a) (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (1, 1, 0) No


(b) (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (3, 2, –1) Yes
(c) (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (5, 4, –4) Yes
(d) (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (8, 8, –8) No
(e) (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (–1, 1, 0) No
(f) (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (4500, 4499, 4322) Yes

3. Provide a list of allowed wavefunctions when n = 3 and ℓ = 2. What subshell name is given to this set of
orbitals?

This set of five orbitals is called the 3d subshell. Generally, the format of the wavefunctions should look
like: Ψn,ℓ,mℓ. Therefore, the wavefunctions of the five orbitals in the 3d subshell are: Ψ3,2,2; Ψ3,2,1; Ψ3,2,0;
Ψ3,2,–1; Ψ3,2,–2

4. There is no such thing as a 2d orbital. Use quantum numbers to explain why this is the case.

A 2d orbital would require n = 2 and ℓ = 2. This not permitted since ℓ must be ≤(n – 1).

5. An orbital with n = 4 and ℓ = 2 has how many radial and angular nodes?

A 4d orbital has 1 radial and 2 angular nodes.


(i.e. (n – 1) total nodes, ℓ angular nodes, and (n – 1 – ℓ) radial nodes)

Page 5.12
Draw a cross-section of the 3s orbital.

(The locations of the two radial nodes, shown by the dashed inner circles, are not drawn to scale and the
axes can be xy, xz, or yz.)

1
UBC CHEM ChIRP: Chapter 5 – Exercise Answers (2024)
Page 5.15
1. A sketch of the orbital cross-section of the 3pz orbital is shown below. Label the phases and indicate the
location of all angular and radial node(s).

2. Draw the cross-sections of the other two 3p orbitals.

3. How many (a) radial nodes and (b) angular nodes are in the 4pz orbital?

With n = 4 and ℓ = 1, there are 2 radial nodes and 1 angular node.


(i.e. (n – 1) total nodes, ℓ angular nodes, and (n – 1 – ℓ) radial nodes)

2
UBC CHEM ChIRP: Chapter 5 – Exercise Answers (2024)
Page 5.18
Sketch cross sections for the five 4d orbitals. Label the axes, and indicate the phases. Label the angular and
radial nodes.

In the following diagrams, the white and black lobes have opposite phases, e.g. if the white lobes have a
(+) phase, then black lobes have a (–) phase, or vice versa. Each orbital has (n – 1 – ℓ) = 1 radial node
and ℓ = 2 angular nodes.

Page 5.21

11. Calculate the energies associated with the indicated orbitals in the following one-electron species.

Using Equation 5.2:

For H:
1s: –2.18 × 10—18 J
2s: –5.45 × 10—19 J
3s: –2.42 × 10—19 J

For Li2+:
3s: –2.18 × 10—18 J
3p: –2.18 × 10—18 J
3d: –2.18 × 10—18 J

For He+:
1s: –8.72 × 10—18 J
56s: –2.78 × 10—21 J
∞f: 0 J

Page 5.22

1. Calculate the magnitude of the energy difference between an electron in a 1s orbital and a 3p orbital of a
hydrogen atom.

Based on Equation 5.2 with Z = 1 for the hydrogen atom H, the magnitude of the difference in energy is:
| ∆E | = | E3 – E1 | = 1.94 × 10—18 J.

3
UBC CHEM ChIRP: Chapter 5 – Exercise Answers (2024)
2. If an electron in hydrogen moves from the 1s to the 3p orbital, does it gain or lose energy?

It gains energy as it goes from the ground state (n = 1) to the second excited state (n = 3). For one-
electron species, the ground state (n = 1) has the most negative energy, and the energies increase as a
function of 1/n2 to a maximum value of E = 0 at n = infinity.

3. Calculate the magnitude of the energy difference between an electron in a 3d orbital and a 2s orbital of a
helium ion.

Based on Equation 5.2 with Z = 2 for the helium ion He+, the magnitude of the difference in energy is:
| ∆E | = | E3 – E2 | = 1.21 × 10—18 J.

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