INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)

VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

Harmonic Mitigation using Hybrid Power Filter to Improve Power Quality

Mrs. Prajkta R Gangurde, Mr. Amol S Parkhe, Mr. Sushant S Aher, Mrs Swati S Sangamnere

Department of Electrical Engineering MVPS's Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik

Abstract— This paper represents a power quality improvement using harmonic mitigation method in
distribution and transmission system. This include the hybrid power filter for mitigating the harmonic in the
power system, the hybrid power filter is the combination active power filter ,passive power filter and voltage
source inverter with the passive component like a capacitor and the inductor. The drawback of the active and
the passive power filter is overcome by designing the hybrid power filter, the capability of harmonic
mitigation can be increased with dc link voltage of the voltage source inverter. in this two method of
implementation is adopted for harmonic mitigation in power system like hybrid mode and the passive mode ,
in passive mode the passive component is used in series such as capacitor and inductor and in hybrid mode
the voltage source inverter is used along with the LC-filter . The power quality improvement and the reactive
power control is also represented in this paper The analysis and MATLAB simulation give the proper
solution to mitigate the harmonic in the distribution and the transmission system to improve the power
quality and system stability .

Index Terms— ,FFT Analysis hybrid power filters, passive power filters, power system harmonics,
reactive power control., Total Harmonic Distortion, power quality, transmission and distribution network..

I. INTRODUCTION
power system and to compensate reactive power the
Today there is need of high quality power supply. Active power filter , passive power filter and hybrid
Due to wide spread used of non linear load such as power filter is used but out of this three power filter
UPS, electronic devices, power electronic devices, the passive power filter is only the series
PC etc the Harmonic is generated in the system. the combination of the inductance and the capacitance
heating of various equipment ,voltage sag ,voltage and this passive power filter is not that much
fluctuation is some of the undesirable effect will effective to mitigate the harmonic in the power
occurs in the power system due to the generation of system as its performance is depends on the
the harmonic. Also this non linear load is responsible impedance. Where as the hybrid power filter can
for the generation of the reactive power in the effectively mitigate the harmonic in the distribution
system so to avoid this undesirable effect on the and transmission System.

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM26490 | Page 1

 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

If the loads and transmission and distribution sinusoidal is considered as a non linear load such as
system is balanced, the three phase voltages and the computers, variable frequency drives, power
currents have identical wave shapes and are electronic devices, electronic component etc, are
separated by exactly±1/3 of fundamental period. In some common example of the non linear load. and
such a cases only characteristics harmonics exist . If due to used of this nonlinear load there is a issue
we consider 1 harmonic order with 50 Hz frequency regarding a power quality.The non-sinusoidal nature
and positive phase sequence then effect of hormonic developed due to presence of harmonic in current
on various equipment is heating of equipment If we which can cause the adverse effect on the power
consider negative sequence second order harmonics system such as distortion in voltage waveform also
with 100 Hz frequency then effect of heating plus the voltage fluctuation and voltage sag, various
motor problem is there. The aim of this paper is to power system equipment heating. voltage distortion
introduce the hybrid power filter to mitigate the that can affect both the distribution system
harmonic in distribution and transition System to equipment as well as the transmission system
improve the power quality trough the equipment and also the loads connected to it. Power
MATLAB simulation. electronic include the power converters and this
power converter considered as a large non linear load
A. Requirement of Power Quality Improvement
in the power system. The power converters are used
There is linear and non linear load will occurs in the
in the industry for different purposes, such as
power system. The load that draws the current which
adjustable speed drives, uninterruptable power
is proportional to the applied voltage is considered as
supplies etc. When the non sinusoidal current passes
a linear load ,resistive loads is one of the example of
through the system impedance which causes the
the linear load also the incandescent lamp is the
undesirable effect such as the voltage sag and the
linear load .
voltage fluctuation. Hence there is a need of power
quality improvement. Due to the presence of
harmonic in the power system the bus bars and
cables may prematurely age. Fuses and circuit
breakers will not give the better performance to
protect the entire system equipment. as a result of
this the harmonic mitigation is necessary to improve
the power quality.

B. Shunt Active Power Filter

Figure 1: The block diagram of Hybrid power filter The Shunt active power filter is consist of
both active and passive element this active power
And the load in which the voltage and current are no filter is one of the electronic filter and it consist of

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM26490 | Page 2

 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

amplifiers so its performance can be improved with offers a low impedance path or low resistive path to
the help of amplifier. Hence the shunt active filter the harmonic current as a result of this the harmonic
can remove the harmonic in the power system and current is pass through this low impedance path and
remove the voltage and current distortion also so the harmonic current is diverted through shunt
compensate the reactive power in the power system. passive power filter network and system is free from
with the used of active power filter voltage the distortion and current harmonics and due to this
fluctuation and the voltage sag can be remove .As maintaining the power quality. Also the system is
the name indicate that the shunt active power filter free from voltage waveform distortion as well as the
means the active power filter is connected in parallel current waveform distortion proper bypassing of the
to the system. the shunt connected active power filter current is carried out by connecting the shunt
is used to mitigate the current harmonic and the passive power filter in parallel with the harmonic
improve the power quality .The shunt active power producing load. There are different variety of passive
filter generally fabricated with help of Insulated gate filters is generally used to eliminate harmonic such
bipolar transistor ,Thyristors, bipolar junction as single tuned, double tuned, high pass and low pass
transistor , static induction thyristor ,gate turn off filter, c-type filters. But out of this all type of passive
thyristor to compensate the harmonic component of filter the most commonly used filter are the single
the load current as well as the source current. tune and double tuned passive power filter. In the
shunt connected passive power filter the combination
of capacitance and the inductance generally provide
low impedance or resistive path for tuned harmonics
but there is one drawback associated with this shunt
connected passive power filter as this power filter
doesn’t eliminate harmonics to a greater level .Figure
Figure 3: The block diagram of the shunt connected 2 shows the block diagram of shunt connected
active power filter passive power filter in which the ac source is
This shunt connected active power filter generally connected to the non linear load it can also used the
used to inject the active power to compensate the six pulse or twelve pulse ac-dc converter with R-L
voltage sag and voltage disturbances in the load .This is widely used configuration or
distribution and transmission system or grid. arrangement of shunt connected passive power
filters.
C. Shunt Passive Power Filter
The shunt passive power filter nothing but a
series parallel combination of the passive element
such the inductor ,capacitor and a resistor .Generally
this type of shunt connected passive power filter can

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM26490 | Page 3

 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

impedance. But this configuration is associated with

one more drawback such that their is reduction in dc
bus voltage. The harmonics in distribution networks
or in distribution grid or in the transition system
represent the importance of the problem cause by
current harmonics or the voltage harmonics in terms
of power quality ,continuity of supply, steady state
Figure 2: The block diagram of the shunt connected
stability of the system .The main reasons for arising
passive power filter
the current harmonics or the voltage harmonic in
distribution system is the nonlinear loads for
This shunt connected passive power filter can
example the personal computer, Discharge lamps
operate as a low pass filter and high pass filter and
that is the mercury vapour lamp or the sodium
these low pass filter and high pass filter generally
vapour lamp generally used for the street lightning
eliminate the positive sequence and negative
purpose and all type of power electronics based
sequence current harmonics typically the shunt
equipments and the semiconductor devices are the
connected low pass filter can mitigate the5th and 7th
some frequent examples of nonlinear lads in
harmonic and the shunt connected high pass filter
residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The
can mitigate the 11th harmonic This shunt connected
harmonics have a dominant effect on
passive power filter can more dominantly mitigate
medium-voltage and Low Voltage lines due to the
the 5th and 7th and other higher order harmonics and
presence of harmonic causing load such as furnaces,
thus avoid to them to enter into the grid. The main
ovens and rectifiers. Generally the three-phase loads
reasons to divert the harmonic current in the passive
generate positive sequence 1st,7th,13th,19th….order
power filter are the impedance available in system.
current harmonics and negative sequence 5th
As the higher be the source impedance then better
,11th,17th, 23rd…..order current harmonics in the
performance of the passive power filter is obtained.
distribution system and in transmission system .Due
Both a passive shunt connected filter and the passive
this positive sequence and negative sequence current
series connected filter have a same potential solution
harmonics there is a generation of resonance
for harmonic mitigation. Connection block diagram
condition, voltage distortion, overheating of
of series connected series active power filter is same
equipment, and losses in the system and ageing of
as that of the shunt connected passive filter. In this
electrical equipments, etc. whereas the zero sequence
power filter branches of passive filter is connected in
current harmonic is generated because of
series with source and the load. It can also eliminate
single-phase loads, generally and the zero sequence
the 5th and 7th and 11th harmonic but in case of series
current harmonic is 3rd, 9th, and 15th harmonic
passive power filter the performance of the series
order is generated in the neutral conductor.
passive filter is not much dependent on the source
Harmonics with order of multiple of three is the zero

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

sequence current harmonic and this arises due to the of filter has been developed in 1920.The Kirchhoff’s
several single-phase non linear loads and are law is one of the important law which is used in the
effectively considered up in the neutral conductor design of the Low order filters by developing the
due to this the harmonic current in the neutral transfer function and this type of analysis is usually
conductor is higher than in the phase conductor and developed only to carried out for simple filters of 1st
causes the neutral conductor overload, common or 2nd order due to such design there is a advantage
mode neutral to earth voltages, increase of phase of the simplicity of approach and the ability to easily
voltage distortion, and transformers overheating and extend to higher orders. By continued-fraction or
generator overheating. partial-fraction expansions of the polynomial the
actual element values of the passive and active and
II. LITRAUTRE REVIEW
also the hybrid power filter are obtained. A different
The harmonic is nothing but an integral multiple of type of mathematical techniques or method is
the fundamental frequency there is several types of employed to analyze the behavior of a given digital
electronic filter this electronic filter is developed by filter .this paper presents a combined system of a
using only resistors and capacitors or resistors and passive filter and a small rated active filter ,both
inductors. As per the connection of the inductance connected in series or parallel and also the passive
and capacitance connection RC single-pole filters power filter is integrated with voltage source inverter
and RL single-pole filters is developed. In resent, to obtained the hybrid power filter .The passive
complex multi pole LC filters and the Hybrid filters power filter generally remove low order harmonic.
are also developed by combining the passive filter or Whereas on the other hand the hybrid power filter
the resonant cell with the voltage source inverter in improving the filtering characteristics of the passive
that generally 12 pulse or 18 pulse voltage source filters. Due to such combination there is great
inverter is used. The implementation of passive reduction in rating of the active power filter and also
power filter is generally depends on the combination eliminating all the harmonics and the limitation faced
of the resistance ,inductance, and capacitance and by using only the passive power filter, by taking into
are called as passive filters, because they do not considering a practical and economical aspect of the
depend upon an external power supply and where as system.
the active power filter contain the active element. In
passive filter the reactive elements of the filter is III. HYBRID POWER FILTER TOPOLOGY

inductors and capacitors. are The number of The resonant cells is the three single-phase
elements determines the order of the impedances in three phases and in neutral branches
filter. Historically, the design of linear analog filter of power filter are called a passive filter, and this
is mainly depend on the Q factor and this quality associated with several resonance frequencies. As
factor measure the frequency of the tuning circuit. As per the connection of the resonant cell power filter
the requirements of telecommunications the design gives two groups of resonance frequencies, in which

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM26490 | Page 5

 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

one group for the positive sequence or negative

sequence components and other group for the
zero-sequence components. This indicates that’s the
passive power filter is able to perform selective
filtering of harmonics by providing low-impedance
paths to current components with certain specific
frequencies and sequences. The block diagram of
hybrid power filter is shown in figure 3 it consist of
mainly four blocks namely the grid current
processing blocks this block consist of notch filter Figure 3: The block diagram of the Hybrid power

and the function of this notch filter is that it filter with controlled system

cancelling out the fundamental frequency component

from the current harmonics and second one is the And the function of the modulator to generate the

injected current controller block this block consist switching pulses of the Voltage Source Inverter from

of PI controller, third one is the dc link voltage the reference voltage of the Voltage Source Inverter

controller block , fourth one is the modulator block and The next important part in the configuration is

and , the main function of the grid current processing the voltage source inverter and the resonant cell The

block is that selecting the current harmonics to be resonant cells that is the passive filter of the hybrid

filtered from the grid current .the function of the power filter provide the very low impedance path to

injected current controller to sets a reference voltage positive sequence and negative sequence and zero

for the Voltage source Inverter in order to mitigate sequence currents at the particular resonance

the selected current harmonics in the distribution frequencies therefore, to inject into the grid

system. The function of the dc-link voltage controller significant levels of harmonic currents a low dc link

block is that it modifies the original reference voltage voltage is necessary in the Voltage Source Inverter.

of the Voltage Source Inverter by adding an extra As the frequency goes far away from the resonance

voltage in order to keep the dc-link voltage at its frequency then impedance offered by the resonant is

normal rated value. also increases hence hybrid power filter can
compensate only a limited range harmonics. Hence,
the grid current processing block that is the notch
filter selects those frequencies that are suitable to be
filtered from the grid current by using signal filtering
methods. As there is increase in the dc-link voltage
level of voltage source inverter the harmonics
mitigation range can also be increased but this
increases the rating of voltage source inverter and

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

hence cost associated to it. Also on both the V. SIMULATION RESULTS

parameter that is the current sensing point and the The simulation results the proposed system is
type of injected current controller the transfer obtained by the MATLAB SIMULINK. The Total
function of the control system which is developed for harmonic distortion of load current and voltage and
the hybrid power filter is depends .This injected also the active and reactive power is given in the
current controller developed with proportional results.
integral controller can operate in synchronous or
static reference frames .To keep the dc-link voltage
to its nominal value there is exchange of active
power between Voltage source inverter and the grid,
this paper represent the hybrid power filter for
mitigating the harmonics in distribution system as
Figure 5: The Active Power
well as in transmission system to improve the power
quality.

IV. SIMULATION MODEL

Figure 6: The Reactive Power

Figure 7: The FFT Analysis of load current

Figure 4: Simulation model of Hybrid power filter

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 11 | NOVEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

CONCLUSION

To improve the power quality the Active

,passive and hybrid power filter for transmission
and distribution system is presented in this paper
.The MATLAB Simulation and analysis gives the
better performance of the system also the FFT
analysis analyzed the system behavior. The more
economical system is developed by integrating the
Figure 8: The FFT Analysis of Voltage voltage source inverter with the passive filter with
low dc-link voltage.

REFERENCES

[1] IEEE Recommended Practices and

Requirements for Harmonic Controlling
Electrical Power Systems. IEEE, IEEE Standard
Figure 10: The Iabc Grid Gurrent 519-1992, 1992.
[2] Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Part3:
Limits, Section2: LimitsforHarmonicsCurrent
Emissions (Equipment Input Current ≤16A Per
Phase), IEC Standard 61000-3-2, 1997.
[3] F. Z. Peng, “Harmonic sources and filtering
approaches,” IEEE Trans.Ind. App., vol. 7, no. 4,
Figure 11: The Vabc Load Voltage pp. 18–25, Jul./Aug. 2001..
[4] S. Bhattacharya, D. Divan, and P. Cheng,
“Hybrid solutions for improving passive filter
performance in high power applications,” IEEE
Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 732–747,
May/Jun. 1997.

Figure 12: The Vabc Grid Voltage

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