1 1

ANSWER KEY
UNIT 1 4 Students’ own answers.
1f 2e 3b 4g 5a 6c 7h 8d 2
5 1T 2F 3F 4T 5T 6F 7F 8F
1A
1 dying 2 murder 3 like 4 every 5 weeks 6 3
1 laughed 7 looked 1 wings 2 means 3 established 4
1 grew on me 2 let off steam 3 taken to chance 5 harm 6 demanding
6
4 fancy 5 hopeless 6 is very encouraging 1 like the Arctic 4
7 nothing beats 8 hype 2 dying of boredom 1 the means 2 jump at the chance
2 3 been sitting here for hours (and hours) 3 physically demanding 4 spread your wings 5
1 A: do you fancy doing B: let off steam 2 A: 4 like he could’ve/could/would/wanted to kill me establish yourself 6 cause harm
hopeless at it B: ’s very encouraging. 5 could murder
3 A: take to it B: grown on me 6 miles (and miles) from

Writing
4 A: Nothing beats B: switch off 7 goes on and on
8 again and again
3
1 What 2 thing 3 don’t 4 most 5
The 6 what 7 that/which 8 is
1D 1
1 higher 2 popular 3
4 1 disagree
1 The thing I love about online gaming is teamwork. 1 side 2 quarrelling 3 made 4 clear 2 b
2 The thing that I don’t understand about games is 5 escalates 6 terms 7 compromise
their addictive quality. 8 blows
3
3 What I’ve found when playing online is how 1T 2F 3T 4F 5F
2
friendly people are. 4 The ability to switch off is 4
1 You’ve got to be kidding me.
the thing that I like most about gaming. 1A 2C 3D 4D 5A 6B 7D
2 I’m awfully sorry about all of this.
5 What I enjoy doing is exploring different worlds.
6 What I dislike is how much time it takes up.
3 I’m going to have to ask you to step aside. 5
4 Could you not should at me please? / Could you Students’ own answers.
5 please not shout at me?
1 worries me is (that) 2 thing that helped me 5 Could we talk to whoever’s in charge?
6
3 I found was (that) 4 I suggest is 6 There must be a way to reach a compromise. Model answer:
5 was to alternate 6 was great about that 7 I’m afraid the manager isn’t around at the Report on the proposal to ask all employees to
moment. work from home
1B 8 You’re not really making this any easier.
Introduction
3 The purpose of this report is to consider the
1 1 down 2 respect 3 understand advantages and potential problems of asking all
1c 2f 3a 4d 5b 6g 7e 4 nothing 5 raise 6 mistake staff to work from home. As preparation for writing
2 this report, research into the topic has been carried
4
1c 2d 3b 4c 5b 6a 7d out and both management and employees have
1 c (S) 2 a (E) 3 e (D) 4 b (S) 5 d (E)
been interviewed.
3 5 Background
1 had you been living 2 had met 3 tried Suggested possible answers Currently, all staff work at a company office. The
4 arrived 5 was driving 6 went 1 You must be kidding (me) proposal is to close this office and ask all staff to work
4 2 I’m (awfully/terribly/really) sorry about this from home.
1 We were had just got … 3 Can/Could I talk to whoever’s in charge
Potential advantages There are advantages for
2 … and was seeing saw a huge bird … 4 I’m afraid the/our manager isn’t around
both the company and staff. These advantages are
3 … before he’d finally been realising finally realised 5 I understand (that) you might be upset
primarily financial, but there are health
the time. 6 please could you not shout
advantages, too.
4 We were asking asked Mariella … 5 … but he was 7 it’s not down to you
The advantages are:
already leaving had already left. 8 must be a way (that) we can reach a compromise
• a significant reduction of company costs due to the
5 closure of the office
1 found out 2 didn’t get 3 raised • a significant reduction in commuting costs for
4 had been supporting
5 had had/had been having 6 had lost Reading employees
• a reduction in commuting time for employees
• a reduction in the stress associated with
7 (had) slept/had been sleeping 8 bought
9 drove 1b commuting.
3 Potential problems
1C Katy d Amir c Mason a Sophia b As with the benefits, there are potential issues for
both management and staff.
4
1 1 Sophia 2 Amir 3 Mason 4 Katy
• Communication is likely to be more challenging
1 be at fault when staff are not located in the same place.
5 Sophia 6 Mason 7 Katy 8 Amir
2 come up with a solution • Staff may find it more difficult to do their jobs
3 fellow workers 5 when not together.
4 go on and on about something 1b 2a3e 4d Views of management and employees Two-thirds of
5 have a go at someone 6 management are in favour of working from home,
6 point the finger of blame 1 decent 2 gutted 3 abandoned 4 con whereas half of employees would prefer to remain
7 a pointless meeting 5 piled up 6 loaded 7 peeked at the office. Staff are particularly concerned about
8 smash something into little pieces 8 claim for something on insurance distractions they may come across at home.
2 However, research suggests that employees who
7 work from home are often more productive.
1 jammed 2 undermines 3 gadgets 4 come 5 go 1 abandoned 2 claim for it on insurance
6 finger 7 at 8 going Conclusions and recommendations
3 decent 4 conned 5 gutted
Considering all of the above, it is recommended that
3 6 load 7 peeked 8 piled up
a three-month trial of working from home be
1 going on and on 2 fellow workers
introduced in order to assess its value for the
3 irritation 4 distracts 5 pointless
company. After the three-month period, both

Listening
6 had a go at 7 at fault management and staff can be interviewed to evaluate
8 pointed the finger of blame at me their views and a decision can be taken as to whether
9 came up with 10 smashing it into little or not to close the office permanently.
pieces 1
1
 Listening
8
UNIT 2 Model answer:
Dear Ms Jones,
2A 1
I am sure that as a local citizen, you are as concerned
cost, culture, housing, tourism
about the health of people in our city as we are here
1 2 at Fight for Family Health. As our city becomes more
1 action 2 blue 3 cold 4 bug
1a 2a 3b 4b 5c 6a crowded, with increased traffic on the streets, it’s
5 itchy 6 organs 7 spinal 8 swollen more important than ever that we address the stress
3
2 that living in a city can cause.
1 horror 2 renovating 3 factor
1 (’ve/have) strained a muscle This is why we’re proposing to create 30 roof gardens
4 internally 5 insight 6 squashed
2 suffering from kidney failure across the city with open access to the public. These
7 free 8 consideration
3 gets pain in her joints/gets joint pains gardens will provide families with a place where they
4 come down with a (stomach) bug 4 can surround themselves with plants and relax in a
5 bash his head on 1 renovate 2 internally 3 consideration peaceful environment.
6 it’s irritating your skin 4 huge factor 5 externally 6 squash However, we cannot do it without the help of
7 black and blue 7 insight 8 in horror 9 invaluable businesses like yours and desperately need your help.
8 mobility is (really) restricted 10 free up We already have permission to create the roofs, but
we now need financial support to enable us to buy
3 5
trees, plants and garden furniture to create our
1 just 2 feeling 3 would 4 were 1 free 2 renovate/restore 3 insight
gardens. Volunteers will create and maintain the
5 about 6 to 4 consideration 5 invaluable 6 squashed
gardens throughout the year.
7 horror 8 factor
4 I look forward to hearing from you, and thank you for
1 were just about to get 2 thought he must be your generosity in advance.
3 was about to eat 4 wasn’t sure I’d get Kind regards,
5 knew it would be 6 was due to start
Reading …

2B 1
1
b
UNIT 3
1 empower 2 sustainable 3 lobby 2
4 campaigning 5 awarenesss 6 reclaim 1 Hannah 2 Mick 3 Steph 4 Cara 3A
5 Ahmed, Andy 6 Max 7 Andy,
2 Cara 8 Kat, Hannah 9 Mick
1c 2a 3b 4a 5a 6d 1
10 Steph
1 brighten up 2 thunderstorm 3 frost
3 3 4 humid 5 breeze 6 chilly 7 spitting
1 The old older I get … 1 a black eye 2 (several) strangers 8 bitter
2 … the less sleep I seem to get 3 during a holiday 4 a hopscotch grid
3 ✓ 2
5 blood 6 (red grape) juice
4 … the bad worse my eyesight gets. 1 soaked 2 flooded 3 gale 4 glorious 5
7 physical therapy 8 (start) gardening crisp 6 chilly 7 pouring 8 sticky
5 … the faster the car … 6 ✓
4 3
4
1 smashed 2 knocked (yourself/myself) out 1 gale; pour down 2 sticky; breeze
1 bigger; more 2 more; easier 3 more; less
3 came to 4 pull a muscle 5 twisted 3 thunderstorm; humid 4 soaked; spitting
4 more; more 5 messier; more
6 fainted 7 stitches 8 split 9 cracked 5 gorgeous; miserable 6 crisp; frost
6 sooner/longer; less/more
10 smacked
5 4
5
1 effort you put in, the better the 1 set to 2 planning 3 may 4 supposed 5
1 twisted 2 fainted 3 came 4 smashed shouldn’t 6 hoping
2 we argue, the happier
5 knock 6 out 7 pulled 8 smacked
3 you ignore Sam, the more miserable 5
9 split 10 stitches
4 you pay, the smaller
1 set to reach
5 we walk, the more likely (that) we’ll
2 planning to spend/planning on spending
6 the people (here), the better
3 expected to get up

2C Writing 4
5
hoping to get
should clear up
1c 6 it/things will change
1
2 6
Across: 1 outdated 3 bankrupt 5 take over
1T 2T 3F 4F 5T 6T 1 should win
6 decline 7 restore 8 shrink 9 demolish
2 ’m supposed to visit
Down: 2 abandon 4 neglect 5 turn into 3 3 will probably be having/may be having
2 1 We are writing to well-known people like 4 are expected to rise
1 bankrupt 2 declined 3 shrank 4 turned yourself. 5 ’re considering (going) camping
5 abandoned 6 neglected 7 demolish 2 We rely on donations from well-respected
8 restore people like you.
3 Like you, we are concerned about increasing
3B
3 pollution in our area. 4 Thank you for your
1 h Didn’t 2 e Don’t 3 b Aren’t 4 a Wasn’t 5 c 1
generosity in advance. / Thank you in advance
Isn’t 6 f Can’t 7 d Aren’t 8 g Won’t 1a 2b 3b 4a 5b 6a 7b 8a
for your generosity.
4 5 We desperately need your support. 2
1 Haven’t 2 Don’t 3 Don’t 4 Didn’t 6 As a local citizen, I am sure that cuts to arts 1 accused of causing
5 Won’t/Don’t 6 Wasn’t funding are a concern to you. 2 denied all the charges
7 Our organisation cannot continue without financial 3 pleaded not guilty
5 support, so we really need your help. 4 testified for the prosecution
1 Isn’t the café closed now? / Won’t 8 As I’m sure you are aware, there are children living 5 had been broken
the café be closed now? 2 Can’t you in poverty in our area. 6 restricted his neighbours’ rights
do it?
4 7 awarded damages8 appeal against
3 Weren’t you here
4 Didn’t they like it? 1 litter/rubbish 2 street cleaners 3
5 Hasn’t she said anything (to you) yet? 3 10/ten minutes 1 … of for the accident
6 Didn’t they go to university together? / Aren’t 5 2 ✓
they at university together? / Weren’t they at 1e 2d 3a 4c 5b 3 Remind me picking up to pick up …
universtity together? 4 You warned me of that I’d be late …
6–7 5 … admitted to give giving me … 6 … forced me to
Students’ own answers. learn …

2
4 1 heavily 2 overwhelming 3 hugely Daily activities help to keep us fit, but regular exercise
1 Marco’s opinion 2 (that) he would 4 poor 5 crucially 6 significant 7 which gets your heart pumping is necessary, too.
3 to tidy up considerable 8 favourable Why not take up a sport? You don’t have to run a
4 (that) she had dropped/dropping marathon to get fit. A 30-minute fast walk is a
5 me to speak to 6 Emma for missing fantastic way to exercise. Take different routes, look
up down and all around you, and you can even be a
5
1 announced that 2 demanded that
Listening tourist in your own town.
You don’t have to do it alone
3 refused to do 4 accused PepsiCo of failing Join a club or get a friend to keep fit with you. It’s
1
5 denied making 6 agreed that easy to make excuses to yourself about why you can’t
1 football 2 tennis 3 boxing 4 cycling 5
7 rejected the/his claim be bothered to exercise today. But if someone else is
rugby
8 accepted the verdict relying on you and you don’t want to let them down,
2 you’ll be much more likely to stick to your plan.
3C 1 final; two 2 semi-finals 3 (positive) mindset
Take it one step at a time
4 knock-out 5 reflect on the result
You don’t need to suddenly become a professional
1 6 favourite 7 supported 8 the pitch athlete to get fit. Start small and work your way up.
1 even 2 hardly 3 hardly 4 even 5 even 3 Build up the amount of time you spend moving
6 hardly 7 even 8 hardly around and doing exercise each day. You’ll soon
1 rival 2 head 3 shock defeat 4 invade
realise that your fitness levels are improving.
2 5 narrowly miss out 6 (a) bid for 7 leave out
1 I hardly had any breakfast … 2 … 8 sacrifice Smile and enjoy it
I didn’t even see you. 4 Exercising shouldn’t feel like a terrible chore. Choose
3 It was even better this time. 4 I hardly saw to do things that you enjoy so that you can smile and
1 headed 2 left out 3 shock defeat 4
anyone … 5 It’s even got kitchen equipment. enjoy it. As exercise releases feel-good chemicals into
rival 5 sacrifice 6 narrowly missing out 7
6 … is even more amazing … 7 I’ve hardly your brain, you’ll get double the happiness.
bid for
had the time to do anything. 8 … hardly ever 8 invaded So what are you waiting for? Get up and get fit!
speak …
3 UNIT 4
1 sponsorship
4 turning pro
7 bribes
2 talk back
5 disqualified
8 dived
3 possession
6 neck and neck Writing 4A
1
4 1
a, c
1 pro 2 fouling 3 sponsorship 1c 2c 3a 4a 5c 6b
4 disqualified 5 bribes 6 3
laps 1b 2d 3f 4c 5a 6e 2
1 which 2 of whom/of which
5 4 3 of whom/of which 4 which 5 why
1 laps 2 burn off 3 talked back 1F 2T 3T 4T 5F 6T 6 which 7 whereby/where 8 whose
4 sponsorship 5 strokes 6 fouled 5 9 in which
1 Public shelters are available for people who have 3
3D nowhere else to go. 1 We’re involved in an organisation whose aim is to
2 As they’re not the most comfortable places, it’s help disabled people.
1 best to go prepared. 2 The government is introducing an initiative
1b 2c 3a 4a 5c 6b 7a 8c 3 Take food and drinks, bedding and games to help whereby adults mentor teenagers.
2 the time pass. 3 I learnt a lot about the law at university, none of
1b 2e 3c 4a 5f 6d 4 You should also take any important documents which I can remember now! 4 My parents, who
and medication you might need. are are retired, moved to France.
3 5 While shelters have resources, having these 5 I lived in Japan for two years, during which time I
1 ’m going to talk personal items will make you feel more at home. met my partner.
2 What I’ll do first
6–7 6 No one knows the reason why Freddie quit his job.
3 ’ll explain the reasons for/behind
4 ’ll then go on to suggest Student’s own answers. 4
5 ’ll summarise what I’ve covered 8 1 promising 2 insecure 3 paralysed 4
6 opening up the floor for discussion Model answer: dyslexia 5 very sharp 6
potential 7 in a bad way 8
4 How to get fit initiative
1 So, moving on from the problems, let’s now look at We spend so much time sitting down. We sit down in
solutions. the car, at our desk and then on our sofas watching 5
2 There’s more I could say about that, but I’m going TV. But being so inactive can be really problematic for 1 dyslexia 2 insecure 3 paralysed
to leave it there. our health. If you think you’re spending too much 4 initiative 5 sharp 6 promising
3 Does anyone have any comments or questions? time on your bottom, here are some tips to help you
4 To conclude, we could say that it’s a big problem. get up and get fit. 4B
5 I’d like to open it up for discussion. Don’t take the easy option
51e 2b 3d It’s very easy to get taken from one place to another – 1
4c 5a lifts are a great example of this. They make our lives 1 flared 2 faded 3 strap 4 chain
better, but they also make them less healthy. So,
2
rather than take a lift to the fifth floor – walk up the
1 laces 2 dyed 3 pendant 4 blouse
stairs. It might seem arduous at first, but just think
Reading about those leg muscles you’ll develop!
Walk to work
5 studs
3
6 buckle 7 bob

It might not be possible to walk entirely to your place 1 Have you seen my big beach bag with the purple
1
of work, but can you walk some of it? Rather than straps?
1 juror 2 victim 3 scene of a crime
park right outside your door, perhaps you can park 2 I can’t find my dark grey suit jacket.
4 Forensic evidence 5 prime-time crime drama
down the road and walk for ten minutes of the 3 I sometimes wear a black sports cap.
6 justice system 7 investigator 8 suspect
journey. Or maybe you can take a bus but get off two 4 ✓
2 steps early. That ten minutes of exercise each day will 5 Madison, who’s the most fashionable person I
b help to keep your heart healthy. know, is going to lend me some clothes.
3 Take a chair break 6 You can’t wear a shirt ripped at the elbow!
1c 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a We normally associate a break with sitting down, but 4
if you sit down all day at work, get up for your break 1 The original Levis were brown with big pockets.
4 instead! Walk around the office for five minutes of 2 People pay more attention when experts wear a
1 desire 2 understanding 3 outcome stretching and exercise every hour. Your bottom will white laboratory coat.
4 influence 5 popular 6 depth 7 thank you for it! 3 The first fashion magazine was sold in 1586.
public interest 8 important
You don’t have to run a marathon
5
3
 Writing
4 One woman wore a white wedding dress with an 4 … I don’t wouldn’t be working here
8 km-long train. 5 Little black dresses have been
4
around for 100 years.
1a 2b 3a 4b 5b 6b
6 Louis Vuitton has been making luggage since 1854. 1
7 A pair of red ruby slippers designed by Henry a 5
Winston sold for $3 million. 1 thought/’d been thinking 2 ’ve been doing
8 Doc Martens, the iconic boots, were first made 2 3 ’m already feeling 4 might be sitting
from old tyres. 1T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6F 5 might be standing
5 3
1 old 2 woollen 3 with holes under the arms 1c 2b 3a 5B
4 flowery 5 silk 6 loose 7 green 4
8 cotton 9 with loads of pockets 10 leather 1
1 principle; practice 2 While; the reality
11 flight 12 given 13 thick 14 stripy Across: 2 pass 4 sandy 9 waterfall
3 While; truth 4 Instead 5 Theoretically; reality
15 with a cat’s face 10 channel 12 glacier 13 sand dunes
5 Down: 1 valley 3 mountainous
1b 2d 3a 4c 4 shoreline 5 sea level 6 marine reserve
4C 7 mainland 8 marsh 11 ridge
6–7
1 Student’s own answers. 2
1c 2b 3f 4h 5d 6e 7g 8a 8 1 glacier 2 sandy 3 channel 4 mainland
2 Model answer: 5 valley 6 pass 7 sea level 8 sand dunes
1b 2c 3a 4d 5d 6a 7c 8b
Clothes fashion has been important to people for
3
3 centuries. Today, you can see how highly regarded it 1b 2c 3c 4a 5b 6a 7a
1 of 2 on 3 on 4 for 5 in 6 to is by looking in shop windows, in magazines and on 4
4 social media. While some people would argue that 1 Written 200 years ago
1 fed up with 2 dedication to 3 fashion is beneficial to society, I believe that we care 2 Built; is extremely modern
benefit from 4 on a daily basis 5 useless at 6 about it too much. 3 Sitting on top of a hill; is quite isolated
by accident Firstly, clothes and accessories go in and out of 4 Looking out over/Overlooking the sea; was
7 jealous of 8 the key to fashion on a regular basis. This means that clothes incredible
from last season may now look out-of-date, despite
5 the fact that they are in perfectly good condition. The
1 emphasis; on 2 participate in effect of this is that people spend money
5C
3 dedication to 4 succeed in 5 key to unnecessarily on clothes that they do not need.
6 terrified of 7 benefit from 1
While this money contributes to the fashion industry,
1 home 2 house 3 home 4 house
within which many people are employed, this money
5 home 6 home 7 house 8 house
could be better spent on more worthy causes.

Listening In addition to wasting money, the fashion industry 2

also leads to a waste of materials. The number of 1 heading home 2 house-warming party
clothes thrown away every day is extremely high. 3 house-hunting 4 home improvements
1 Some of these clothes may be recycled, but many are 5 do up his house 6 left home
1 culture 2 mood 3 self-esteem not. The amount of materials which go into making 7 my house 8 care home 9 feel at home
4 individuality 5 age these clothes is significant, and yet it is wasted 3
without a second thought. If fashion did not exist, 1 clutter 2 worth 3 spotless 4 blind
2
people would be much more likely to wear clothes 5 walls 6 bookshelves 7 ornament
1 Sofie 2 Vihaan 3 Sofie 4 both
until they were no longer fit to wear, rather than 8 certificate
5 Vihaan 6 Sofie 7 Vihaan 8 both
simply because they were not fashionable any more.
3 Fewer materials would be used and the impact on the
4
1d 2f 3a 4e 5c 6b environment would be much less significant. 1h 2e 3f 4a 5c 6b 7g 8d

4 Finally, people spend a lot of time on fashion, trying 5

1h 2j 3e 4f 5g to look as good as possible. However, this time could 1 polished 2 arranged 3 spacious
6b 7i 8c 9d be better spent elsewhere. Theoretically, fashion 4 Stacks 5 bookshelves 6 walls
helps people to be accepted by society as it shows 7 antique 8 clutter 9 ornaments 10 pots
5 that they follow social norms. In reality, however,
1 aspired 2 social norms people spend more time than is necessary trying to
3 wouldn’t be seen dead 4 symbolise 5 give
5D
look good. Life is short, and it can therefore be
away 6 self-esteem argued that this time would be better spent on things
1
such as spending time with family, achieving goals or
1 en-suite 2 communal 3 payable
enjoying the world around us.
4 duvet 5 dimensions 6 set off

Reading In conclusion, fashion leads to a waste of money, a

waste of resources and a waste of time. Instead of
spending our time and resources on things which will
7 recycling bin
2
8 flush 9 clear 10 safe

1a3 b5 c2 d7 help people to grow without having an impact on the 1 Your best bet would be to book a B&B. 2
e4 f1 g9 h8i6 environment, people choose to spend their time on There’s no harm in getting there early. 3
their appearance. As we grow older and reflect on You really ought to buy a day ticket. 4 You’d
2
our lives, it is unlikely that we will wish we spent be well advised to book ahead. / You’d be
1T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6F advised to book well ahead.
more time on how we looked.
3 5 If you’re into music, check out the concert hall.
1 crack (verb) 2 inability (noun) 6 The art gallery on Bell Lane is a must.
7 It’d probably be wise to use GPS to get there.
3 retirement (noun)
5 thankful (adjective)
4 harsh (adjective)
6 fulfilled (verb) UNIT 5 8 Make sure you take a look at the city museum.
7 perceived (verb) 8 combined (verb) 3
9 dread (verb) 10 pensioner (noun) 5A 1 … is the a must.
4 2 Your good best bet …
1 fulfil 2 thankful 3 harsh 4 perceive 1 3 If you’re onto into food …
5 dread 6 inability to 7 pensioner 1b 2c 3a 4d 5f 6e 4 Do Make sure …
8 combined with 9 joint 10 retirement 2 5 ✓
1 bypass 2 diversion 3 crawling 6 It’d likely be wise to …
5
4 evacuate 5 debris 6 tailback 7 7 There’s no hurt harm in … 8 Ideal Ideally …
1 Ray 2 Cristiana 3 Tim 4 Dot
power failure 8 bus service 4
3 1 You (really) ought to take a/the city tour.
1 The taxi’s already wait waiting outside. 2 It’d (probably) be wise to leave your valuables in
2 Camilla was going has been going … the/a hotel safe.
3 We are were/had been driving …
4
3 The fish restaurant at/in the harbour is a must.4 5 3
It’s/It is advisable to check (the) opening times of 1 whispered 2 high-pitched 3 crept 1f 2c 3a 4d 5b 6e
the banks. 4 faint 5 subtle 6 sighed 7 roared
5 There’s no harm in taking your time. 4
8 shivered
6 If you’re into dance, (you might want to) check out 1 We didn’t expect there to be so many people at
the dance theatre. 6–9 the wedding.
7 It’d be (well) advised to pay a visit to the zoo. Student’s own answers. 2 My parents were surprised how tall the kids had
8 Make sure you do walk along the river. got.
3 I didn’t expect there to be so much traffic on the
5 roads.
1 (really) ought to
4 ’s/is a must
2 Make sure
5 ’d/would be wise to
3 check out UNIT 6 4 I’m/was surprised how popular this TV show is. 5
The exam wasn’t as tough as I was expecting.
6 ’s/is no harm in 7 ideally ask
8 best bet would be to
6A 6 I’d expected the film to be far better than it was.
5
1 1 I was surprised (at/by) how good
1 monopoly 2 edge 3 turnover 4 board 2 I expected something like this to be more

Reading 5 branches
2
6 focus 7 undercut 8 broken organised
3 We were surprised (at/by) how many people
attended the event
1 1c 2a 3a 4a 5b 6c 7b 8b
4 it wasn’t as enjoyable as I was/had been expecting
b 3
5 I didn’t expect/wasn’t expecting to be so
1 I’ve met over the last week some really interesting
2 impressed
people over the last week.
1 an extreme commuter 2 happiness; anxiety 6 We (had) expected it to go on
2 We ran as fast as we could towards our train along
3 advantages 4 extend 5 satisfaction
the platform towards our train.
6 limit
3 Dan’s coming to the meeting but apparently, he
3
1c 2b 3c 4f 5e 6a 7d 8f
can’t, apparently, stay long.
4 We’ve had to today overcome several problems Listening
9b 10 c today.
5 The company began manufacturing toys at their 1
4 Films attracted more interest from the public
factory in 1957 in Birmingham in 1957.
accomplished – verb because of technology. It has become easier for
6 Interestingly, a CEO may receive a large pay out
beneficial – adjective clarify – people to learn about it online.
when sacked, interestingly.
verb
7 The company’s turnover has increased 2
impact on – verb + preposition
significantly since last month increased 1 Comic convention 2 horror
outcome – noun
significantly. 3 latest projects 4 not cheap 5 fans
problematic – adjective reflect on
8 We’ve recently considered recently investing in the 6 commercial 7 latest ideas
– verb + preposition
stock market.
transition – noun 3
4 13 2 100 3 300 44
5
1 Prices have risen sharply over the last six months 5 tens of thousands 6 millions 7 35+
1 impact on 2 accomplished 3 reflect on
sharply. 8 20
4 transition 5 problematic 6 clarify
2 ✓
7 outcome 8 beneficial 4
3 We expected the company to be successful. but it
6 disappointingly wasn’t disappointingly it wasn’t. 1 h anticipated 2 d associated with
1 impact 2 outcome 3 beneficial 4 reflect 4 What we’re working on is interesting extremely 3 b opened up 4 a convention
5 problematic 6 transition 7 accomplish interesting. 5 f had a hand in 6 e mainstream
8 clarify 5 ✓ 7 g generates 8 c costumes
6 My boss walked with a strange look on his face out 5
walked out with a strange look on his face. 1 convention 2 costumes 3 mainstream

Listening 5
1 over at the Admiral Hotel 2 importantly
4 associated
7 has a hand in
5 opened up
8 anticipated
6 generated

3 over the next six months 4 fairly

1 5 incredibly 6 in recent months

Reading
1 painting 2 accessories 3 adding personality
4 bookshelves 5 placement 6B
2
1a 2c 3b 4c 5b 6c 1 1
1 boycott 2 transformation 3 prestigious 1 Myspace 2 Kodak 3 Toys “R” Us
3 4 boost 5 grant 6 bids 7 catalyst 4 Blackberry
1 neutral; colour 2 bold 3 frames 8 infrastructure
4 different, stylish 5 threes, patterns 2
2 1 Toys “R” Us 2 Blackberry 3 Blackberry
1 bid 2 estimate 3 boost 4 profile 4 Toys “R” Us 5 Kodak 6 Kodak
5 infrastructure 6 transformation 7 catalyst 7 Toys “R” Us 8 Blackberry 9

Writing 8 grants
3
9 commission 10 prestigious Myspace
3
10 Myspace

1 1 to be 2 to be 3 to have attended 1 launch 2 obsolete 3 enhance

c 4 be 5 be 6 be 7 thrown 8 being 4 collapsed 5 bankruptcy 6
custom 7 influential 8 a fraction of
2 4
1c 2f 3a 4b 1 Is said that 2 has to be seen 4
3 should be sent 4 needed 1 bankruptcy 2 influential 3 enhance
3
5 are rumoured to be 6 is thought that 4 launch 5 fraction 6 collapse 7 obsolete
1 started 2 glared 3 thick with moisture
4 lush 5 chuckled 6 like snakes
7 spun around 6C
4
Describing movement: crawl, creep, faint, leap, shiver,
1 Writing
1 out of tune 2 open-mike night
subtle 1
3 be fast-paced 4 mediocre 5 over-the-top
Describing laughter: chuckle, giggle, laugh like a b
6 literary 7 been collaborative 8 acts
hyena, roar with laughter Describing speech: echo
someone like a parrot, sigh, whisper 2 2
Adjectives to describe sound: as loud as thunder, 1 disappointment 2 act 3 stand-up comedy the reason for attending the concert the reaction
deafening, faint, high-pitched, subtle ‘Faint’ and 4 outrageous 5 indie 6 fast- of the audience to the singer a description of
‘subtle’ are the words that appear in two categories. paced 7 moving 8 duo 9 gig some of the songs the writer’s reaction to some

5
of the songs the highlight and lowlight of the 1 6
performance 1 rise 2 bounced 3 peak 4 dropped Model answers:
3 5 crash 6 slump 7 insignificant
(Your friend’s grandfather has passed away.) I’m so
Friend, believe, achieve all follow the rule 8 rocketed 9 sharp 10 vast
sorry to hear about your father. He was a lovely man
(achieve and believe have a long ‘e’ sound). Weird is 2 and I know he’ll be very much missed by you and
an exception, and so is society. 1g 2e 3b 4d 5a 6h 7c 8f everyone he knew. Thinking of you during this
4 difficult time. Let me know if you need anything. x
3
1 relieved 2✓ 3 shrieks 4✓ 5 1 graph 2 point 3 equivalent 4 (Your friend is too sick to attend your party.) Really
seize 6 ceiling 7 deceive 8 foreign notice 5 on 6 decreasing 7 sorry you can’t make it to the party. We’ll miss you! I
signifies really hope you feel better soon though. Take care.
5
(Two people you know have got engaged.)
1 gripped 2 ballad 3 hypnotic 4 Congratulations on your engagement! It’s great news
4 make a big noise 5 catchy 6 gig 1c 2f 3a 4e 5d 6b and I’m really happy for you both. Can’t wait for the
7 upbeat 8 dedicate to
5 big day!
6–9 1 As you can see, prices have gone up. (A family member is graduating from university.)
Students’ own answers. 2 I think it illustrates a number of different points. Congratulations on your graduation! You’ve worked
3 This is a photo of our operations in Asia. hard for this and should be very proud. I hope the
4 You will also notice that sales have dropped. ceremony goes well – enjoy it!

UNIT 7 5
6
The pie chart shows customers by age group.
As a comparison, here are our sales for last year.
(A person you know well is pregnant.) I hear you’re
pregnant. Congratulations! That’s great news.
Looking forward to meeting him or her!
7A (A colleague is moving to a different department.)

Reading
Really sorry you’re leaving us. I know you’ll still be in
1 the same building, but we’ll miss you. Good luck in
1 falling-out 2 native 3 relocating 4 your new position and don’t forget us!
premature 5 inherited 6 make 1 (A friend bought you a birthday present.) Thanks so
2 c much for the socks. I love them! You didn’t have to,
but it was kind of you all the same.
1d 2f 3b 4a 5e 6c 2
1 paragraph 3 2 paragraph 2 3 paragraph 4 (A friend’s pet has died.) I’m really sorry to hear about
3 Barney. I know how much he meant to you and how
1 d, ii 2 b, iv 3 a, i 4 e, iii 5 c, v 4 paragraph 6 5 paragraph 5 6
paragraph 1 7 paragraph 2 8 paragraph 3 upset you’ll be. He was a happy dog and I’ll always
4 remember him jumping up and trying to get me to
3 throw sticks for him. Good that you have lots of
1 must have been scary 2 can’t have been easy
1 thoughtless 2 background 3 happy memories.
3 must be nervous 4 can’t be right
willpower 4 considering 5 Plan 6
5 must be worried 6 must have been hard
significant
7B 4
1b 2a 3a 4c UNIT 8
1 5
1 controversy 2 exposed 3 outrage
1 willpower 2 clarity 3 fatigue 4 sound
8A
4 welcomed 5 tariffs 6
5 assess 6 deteriorate 7 thoughtless
breakthrough 1
8 conserve
1 What exactly is it that you do?
2
6 2 Why do you think the problem occurred?
1c 2d 3i 4k 5
1 deteriorates 2 sound 3 clarity 3 Who do you reckon I should ask?
g 6e 7f 8l 9
4 thoughtless 5 willpower 6 assess 4 How was it that you became a digital storyteller? 5
j 10 a 11 b 12 h
7 fatigue 8 conserve Who do you recommend that we speak to?
3 6 What is it exactly that the job involves? / What is it
1 hadn’t gone 2 be 3 could have stayed that the job involves, exactly?

Listening
4 ’d left 5 wanted 6 be living 7 were
2
8 hadn’t persuaded
1 How exactly is it that you know each other? e
4 2 Why do you suppose it all went wrong? a
1 what if those stories had been 1 3 Where exactly was it that you went on holiday last
2 How would our history have turned out All except ‘fake news’ week? c
3 how would our world be different if women had 2 4 How was it that Ed found us last night? d
been 1b 2c 3b 4a 5a 5 When was it that you first moved to this area? b
4 Might women have made
3 3
5 Would the outcomes have been
1 instinct 2 shape 3 neutral 4 one-off 1 devise 2 assemble 3 mend 4 delegate 5
6 How would life be different if the southern states
5 notify collaborate 6 submit
had won
7 Would the south have left 4
8 Would they be 1d 2b 3a 4a 5c 6b 7b 8d
Writing 5
7C 1 1b 2d 3a 4e 5c
1c 2b 4h 5a 6g 7i 8e
1
1b 2f 3d 4a 5c 6e
3f9 8B
d
2 2 1
1 account/consideration 2 spite 3 Despite 1g 2b 3a 4d 5h 6f 7c 8e
1i 2g 4c 5d 6h 7f 8a
4 even 5 said 6 again
3b9 2
3 e 1 having a (little) nap
1a 2b 3a 4a 5b 3 2 having sleepless nights
1 Congratulations to you on your retirement. (H) 3 yawning
4
2 Wishing you every happiness for the future. (H)3 4 nod off
1 nominated 2 a recount 3 re-elected
Our deepest sympathy to you and your family. (D) 5 are early risers
4 referendum 5 coalition 6 implement
4 Really sorry to hear that George is sick. (S) 6 out like a light
5 5 Really happy to hear you’re expecting a baby. (H) 7 are night owls
1b 2a 3c 4c 5b 6a 7a 8a 6 Really sorry to hear you were made redundant. (S) 8 suffer (from) a kind of jet lag
5 3
7D Students’ own answers. 1 am 2 is 3 did 4 will 5 can 6 used to

6
4 6 The writer is thirsty. 1
1c 2b 3e 4a 5f 6d 7 The writer is disturbed by light. 1e 2a 3b 4f 5c 6g 7h 8d
8 The writer wakes up to her alarm.
5 2
1 am 2 did 3 am 4 would 5 could 2 1 lost it 2 throw a punch
6 won’t 7 was/were 1T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6T7F 8T 3 pushed and shoved 4 put my foot in it
3 5 went red 6 feel so foolish 7 jump for joy
8C 1 pillow 2 screen 3 breathing 4 car door
8 heard the news 9 a huge grin 10
dead on my feet 11 collapse 12 hit
5 eye mask 6 coffee
1 the wall
4
1 steam 2 stuff 3 blend 4 roast 3
1 inability 2 hectic 3 distract 4 eyelids
5 Sprinkle 6 soak 7 simmer 8 dip 1 No sooner had we sat down than the film started.
5 wander 6 slams 7 peer 8 inappropriate
2 2 Not only did we get caught in the rain, but our car
5 wouldn’t start.
1 Peel 2 simmer 3 drain 4 Blend
1 increasing 2 works 3 thirsty 4 fast 3 No sooner had we arrived than dinner was served.
5 Grate 6 sprinkle 7 grill 8 Steam
6 4 Not only is Gregor’s house huge, it’s even got a
3 swimming pool!
1 hectic 2 wanders 3 does the trick
1 This meal needs a tiny bit more salt. 5 No sooner had Rose got into bed than she fell
4 on the rise 5 inability 6 slamming
2 My flat is nowhere near as nice as yours. asleep.
7 peering 8 ticking away
3 It’s miles nicer here than I expected it to be. 6 Not only has Maxine lived here all her life, she’s
4 My job is nowhere near as well paid as never been anywhere else.
I’d like.

Writing
5 My cooking is ten times better than it used to be.
4
6 The film was nothing like as bad as you’d said. 1 No sooner had he sat down than he said
7 I’m not quite as fascinated by physics as you are. 2 Not only did I feel stupid, (but) I (also) went bright
8 These trousers are much tighter for me these 1 red
days. c 3 No sooner had I posted the photo than I realised
something bad
4 2
4 Not only did my friends see it, (but) my colleagues
1 This chocolate bar is way smaller than it used to People make a choice about what they eat too
saw it, too
be. quickly.
5 No sooner had I sent it than I realised
2 ✓ Meat is the only source of minerals and vitamins. An
6 Not only did she not laugh, (but) she (also) didn’t
3 My piano playing is nowhere near/nothing like as alternative diet will replace veganism in the future.
speak to me
good as it once was. 3
4 The pasta sauce needs the a touch more garlic.
5 Tommy and I are not quite as close than as we
1F 2F 3F 4T 5T 6F 9B
used to be. 6 ✓ 4
1c 2a 3d 4b 1
7 If you could all be a bit less noisier noisy, I’d really
1 would 2 ’d 3 didn’t 4 used 5
appreciate it. 5 thought 6 will 7 ’d 8 used to
8 Dan’s much more quieter today than normal. Not all drinks manufacturers will reduce sugar in their
5 drinks. 2
Consumer habits are difficult to change. A direct 1 I’ll often take a trip to the coast in summer.
1 nowhere near as good as
tax is more likely to be successful than an indirect 2 Ben will never go out without his girlfriend these
2 a bit more varied
one. Consumers may replace drinks with an days.
3 much less impressive
alternative high-sugar product. 3 I wish Katja would stop making that awful noise.
4 a hundred times worse
4 We’d often go to the shops after school, but we’d
5 nothing like as enjoyable as6 a touch pricier 6 never buy anything.
Students’ own answers. 5 When we were young, we’d regularly visit our
7 grandparents.

Listening Model answer:

I agree that sugar in soft drinks is problematic and
6 Anna would never come around without calling
first.

1 would definitely like to see some action taken to 3

What is your biggest weakness? reduce this. However, the article claims that both the 1e 2a 3g 4c 5b 6d 7f
What is your biggest regret? Yew Report and the Eddington Research Centre study 4
Who is your best and worst manager? say the effects will be positive. In fact, what they
1 controlling 2 modest 3 smooth
actually say is more negative than that. Through their
2 4 cynical 5 demanding 6 liberal
research, the Eddington study found that a direct tax
1F 2F 3F 4T 5F paid by the consumer is much more effective than an 5
3 indirect tax placed on the manufacturer. Yet, it is the 1 smooth 2 sense 3 lighten 4 content
1 b, d, f 2 a, e 3 c latter which our government is doing. The Yew 5 charming 6 demanding
Report does indeed discuss potential positive effects
4 of the tax, but it also points out that not all 9C
1 self-aware 2 genuine 3 problematic manufacturers and consumers will adapt. Some
4 aspect 5 precise 6 grudge 7 manufacturers will continue with the same sugar- 1
come across 8 overcome heavy recipe and some consumers will simply pay the 1b 2f 3e 4a 5d 6c
higher price and continue to consumer the product.
5 In addition to that, they say that some consumers will 2
1 a grudge 2 come across 3 genuine simply consume alternative sugary goods, resulting in 1 explosion 2 plunged 3 surge 4 epidemic
4 problematic 5 An aspect 6 self-aware no impact on health at all. 5 dip 6 decline 7 slipped 8 hike
7 overcome 8 precise So, while government action is necessary, I am 3
6 personally not sure that the proposed indirect tax will
1 taxiing 2 crowdsource 3 ETA 4
1 problematic 2 come 3 aspect 4 genuine in fact make the kind of difference we would all like
startup 5 ballooned 6 busyish
5 precise 6 aware to see, and I don’t understand why the government
would ignore such useful studies as those discussed 4
above. We can learn from taxes already imposed in 1 trendsetter 2 hoovering 3 google 4 friend
other countries and ensure that we implement the 5 party 6 balloon 7 eyeing 8 elbow
Reading most effective system possible to protect the health
of young people today.
5
1 tsunami 2 regift 3 FYI 4 hangry
1 5 cosplay 6 chair 7 pocket dial 8 ginormous
1 The writer goes to bed.
2 The writer reads a book.
3 The writer is reminded of something she failed to
UNIT 9 6

do. 1 d (from Japanese)

4 The writer watches TV. 9A
2 a
5 The writer is woken up by a noise.
7
3 c (for your information) Don’t experience life through a screen. 4 Stop going on about your brother all the time.
5 You’ve invited Andreas, but what about Anna?6 I’m
2
4 f (hungry + angry) much better at the arts than science.
1c 2a 3d 4b
7 I’d like to look into becoming a biology teacher.
5 f (costume + play) 3 8 I don’t know how to fix this, but we can figure it
1 hint 2 parts of the body 3 visualise out together.
6 b 4 when 5 direct speech 2
4 1 I’d planned to be a doctor, but ended up going
7 e
1 at the same time or close together down a different path.
2 -ing form 3 are 4 different 2 Sara’s dropped out of her course, but for what
8 f (gigantic + enormous)
reason I don’t know.
5
3 I’ve never understood physics. It just goes over my
1 Holding up her phone, Jenny started the recording.
head.
9D 2 Taking the phone out of his pocket, Lukas accepted
4 I’d love to know what you are working on.
the call.
5 I don’t think very highly of our new chemistry
1 3 Dropping her phone, Mia watched the screen
teacher.
shatter.
1 going; chop 2 blah; yawn 6 Ismail’s interested in going to the science museum
4 Standing together, we all smiled for the camera.
on Saturday.
5 Not possible – two different subjects 6 Turning on
3 rubbish; chucking 4 job; into 5 mates 7 Ben’s good at sport, but there are other things
my phone, I saw I had 30 messages.
which he’s keener on.
7 Getting their phones out, everyone swapped
6 cards; up 7 wood 8 I’m going to look into online psychology courses.
numbers.
8 Not possible – two different subjects 3
2 1 genetic 2 classify 3 simulation
6
4 theoretically 5 trial 6 invalid 7 statistics
1d 2g 3e 4a 5h 6f 7b 8c Students’ own answers.
8 prove
7
3 4
Model answer:
1 Long time, no see 1b 2a 3b4c 5b 6a 7c 8b
2 What have you been up to / What are you up to Lost and found
3 I don’t believe it Isabella never expected her life to change on a wet
rainy Monday morning, but it did. As she splashed
4
5
What’s up
Did you see the/this business about the
redundancies?
through puddles on her way to work, her mind was
far away from life changing experiences and more set
10B
6 Turned out nice / It’s turned out nice7 it’s been on getting to work fast and getting dry. The life- 1
ages 8 How’s the/your family? 9 That’s typical changing experience soon found her, however.
As Isabella approached her office building, she 1b 2f 3e 4d 5a 6c
4
noticed something reflecting the light on the ground. 2
1a 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a
She went over and discovered a silver necklace with a 1 However 2 Whereas 3 Consequently
5 locket. She opened the locket and saw a photo of a 4 Thanks to 5 in order to 6 Not only
1f 2b 3d 4h 5g 6a 7e 8c couple and a young girl. The girl looked familiar, but 7 What’s more 8 otherwise
she didn’t think too much of it. Closing the locket, she
3
placed the necklace in her pocket and went to work.
Reading Three days later, Isabella came across the necklace
1 upsetting 2 disagreement
1 3 tells 4 details 5 best work
again. Deciding to find the owner, she went online
6 character 7 unexpected 8 exciting
societal change, people moving abroad, the and placed an ad in a local newspaper. When it was
identity of groups published three days later, she received an email 4
2 from a Mrs White. Isabella replied and they arranged 1 protagonist 2 set 3 rights
1a 2a 3b 4a 5b 6b 7a to meet. 4 descriptive 5 disturbing 6 narrator
Isabella was surprised when she saw Mrs White. 7 portrait 8 controversial
3 She’d expected someone small and old yet here was
1b 2e 3a 4c 8a
5
someone tall, elegant and younger-looking than her. 1 set 2 portrait 3 protagonist
5d 6b 7c9e Again, there was a sense of familiarity that she
10 d 4 disturbing 5 gripping
couldn’t quite pinpoint. They introduced themselves,
4 ordered drinks and then Isabella presented Mrs
1 misfortune 2 originated 3 create bonds White with the necklace. Tears came to the woman’s
4 alter 5 differentiate
8 common usage
6 concept 7 alien eyes.
Opening the locket, Mrs White explained that the girl 10C
5 was her daughter who she’d regrettably fallen out
1 differentiate 2 bond 3 usage 4 alien with 25 years ago. Isabella’s blood started to run cold.
The situation the woman was describing was identical 1
5 concept 6 misfortunate 7 originated 8
to her own mother’s story. She’d fallen out with her 1 black 2 pun 3 stereotype 4 irony
altered
parents decades ago and Isabella had neither met nor
2
knew anything about her grandparents. She did know
1 dry 2 satire 3 pun 4 straight 5
that her mother had always regretted the argument,

Listening
witty 6 stereotypes
but pride had stopped her from making amends.
Swallowing hard, Isabella opened her mouth and 3
asked the question she needed the answer to.’What’s 1c 2a 3b 4c 5a 6b
1 breaking a
your daughter’s name?’ When the woman answered, 4
habit
Isabella took a deep breath and replied with a phrase 1f 2d 3h 4a 5b 6g 7e 8c
2 that would change her life, ‘I think I’m your
1B 2A 3A 4B granddaughter.’ 5
5B 6A 7A 8B • A word has two meanings: 2, 3
9B 10 A • An idiomatic phrase is used literally: 4, 5, 7
• Two (or more) words sound the same: 1, 6, 8
3 UNIT 10
1 triggers 2 squeeze 3 beat 4 afresh 5 6
gross 6 reconsider 7 cheer 8 1 stuffed (full of stuffing/full of food)
path 2 ball (football/dance)
10A 3
4
body (nobody/no body)
moovies (movies – moo-vies)
5 cheetahs (cheetah/cheater)
Writing
1
1 I’ve never been very keen on chemistry. 6 Pop (noise a balloon makes/pop music)
2 I could get used to having a four-day week every 7 a piece of cake (a piece of cake to eat – a piece of
1 week! cake = easy)
3 My parents both work in pharmaceuticals. 8 long (long jumper in sport/a long sweater)

8
Listening
1
1c 2a 3d 4b
2
• Previously considered to be moved by aliens. 3
• Could cause a blast in the right conditions. 4
• Once thought to be caused by vegetation. 1
• Have the potential to protect large amounts of ice
from melting. 2
3
1 stain 2 cracks 3 phenomenon 4 blades
5 absorb 6 trail 7 Bacteria 8 emit
4
1 emit 2 absorb 3 crack 4 blade 5 trail
6 bacteria 7 phenomenon 8 stain
5
1 stain 2 cracks 3 blades 4 phenomenon
5 absorbing 6 trail 7 bacteria 8 emit

Reading
1
1c 2f 3h 4b 5g 6d
2
1c 2a 3c 4a 5a 6b
3
1 superiority 2 built up 3 teases
4 chuckle 5 stuffing your face (with)
6 How dare he? 7 in-joke 8 deliberate
4
1 arrogant 2 short 3 fast 4 a return
5 much
5
1 tease 2 builds up 3 big head
4 how dare they? 5 stuffing 6 split second

Writing
1
a
2
1F 2T 3T 4F 5F 6F 7T 8T
3a
1 have a change of heart
2 cut all ties
3 get kicked out
4 be cut-throat
5 don’t let up
6 rake in lots of money
4
1 kicked out of
2 a change of heart
3 raking in lots of
4 be cut-throat
5 cut all ties
6 don’t let up
5–8
Students’ own answers.