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networking

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13 views

networking

for student having trouble summarizing

Uploaded by

fiaduame23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networking Fundamentals

1. Network Topology

Network topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of devices on a network. Common
topologies include:

- Bus Topology: A single cable connects all devices.

- Star Topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.

- Ring Topology: Devices connect in a circular configuration.

- Mesh Topology: Each device connects to every other device.

2. Network Protocols

Network protocols are rules and standards governing data communication. Key protocols include:

- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The foundation of the internet.

- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Governs web communication.

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Enables file transfers.


- DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names to IP addresses.

3. IP Addressing

IP addressing assigns unique addresses to devices on a network. Key concepts include:

- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

- IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Uses 128-bit addresses (e.g.,


2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

- Subnet Mask: Determines the scope of a subnet.

- Default Gateway: The router that connects a network to the internet.

4. Subnetting

Subnetting divides a network into smaller sub-networks. Key concepts include:

- Subnet: A sub-network within a larger network.

- Subnet Mask: Determines the scope of a subnet.

- CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) Notation: A compact way to represent IP addresses and subnet
masks.
5. Routing

Routing directs data packets between networks. Key concepts include:

- Router: A device that connects multiple networks and routes traffic.

- Routing Table: A database of routes used by a router.

- Routing Protocols: Dynamic protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP.

6. Switching

Switching forwards data packets within a network. Key concepts include:

- Switch: A device that forwards data packets within a network.

- MAC Address: A unique identifier for network devices.

- Switching Table: A database of MAC addresses used by a switch.

Key Networking Devices


- Routers: Connect multiple networks and route traffic.

- Switches: Forward data packets within a network.

- Firewalls: Control incoming and outgoing network traffic.

- Servers: Host applications, services, and data.

Key Networking Concepts

- LAN (Local Area Network): A network spanning a small geographic area.

- WAN (Wide Area Network): A network covering a larger geographic area.

- WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): A wireless network.

- VPN (Virtual Private Network): A secure, encrypted connection over the internet.

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