Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2004/2005

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
The power P input to a centrifugal pump is a function of the volume flow rate Q, impeller
diameter D, rotational rate Ω, the density ρ, and the viscosity μ of the fluid:
P = f(Q, D, Ω, ρ, μ)
Rewrite this relation as a dimensionless relationship.
Hint: Use Ω, ρ, and D as repeating variables and use the {FLTΘ} dimension system.

Q2:
A flow through a converging nozzle is shown in the figure. The flow is governed by the
following velocity profile:
u = Vo (1+2X/L); υ = 0; w = 0
(a) Find an expression for the fluid acceleration in the nozzle
(b) Find the acceleration at inlet and exit of the nozzle when Vo = 3 m/s and L = 0.15 m.

Q3:
A two-dimensional incompressible flow field is defined by the velocity components:
u = 2V(x/L – y/L); υ = - 2V y/L; where V and L are constants.
Show that a stream function Ψ exists, and find this function. Plot this function in the first
quadrant. Comment on the flow characteristics.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Final Examination; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2004/2005
_____________________________________________________________________
Answer five (5) only from the following questions:

Q1:
A tank contains oil of specific gravity 0.88. If the tank is 10-m long, the initial depth of oil is
2m, and the tank accelerates to the right at 2.45 m/s2. Assume that there is no slippage,
calculate:
1. the slope of the free surface
2. the minimum and maximum pressures at the tank bottom.

Q2:
A small lawn sprinkler operates as shown in Fig.1. The inlet flow rate is 0.2 kg/s with water
density at 998 kg/m3. The two exit jets direct flow at an angle of 40o above the horizontal.
Determine:
1. the jet velocity relative to the nozzle
2. the friction torque if the arm is rotating at 35 rpm
3. the maximum rotational speed neglecting friction.

Q3:
The drag on a sonar transducer prototype is to be predicted based on the following wind
tunnel model data and prototype data requirements. Determine the model test velocity Vm
necessary to achieve similarity and the expected prototype force Fp based on the model
wind tunnel test results. (Hint: use the dimensionless similarity
F/ρV2D2 = f{VD/ υ})
Given Prototype Model
Sphere Sphere
D 0.3 m 0.15 m
V 2.6 m/s ?
F ? 24.8 N
ρ 3
1020 kg/m (sea water) 1.22 kg/m3 (air)
υ 13x10-7 m2/s (sea water) 14.5x10-6 m2/s (air)

Q4:
An air flow is expanded isentropically in a nozzle from Ma1 = 0.3, A1 = 0.1 m2 at section 1 to
Ma2 = 3 at section 2 as shown in Fig.2. Determine:
(a) the minimum area of the nozzle
(b) A2
(c) P2/P1
Q5:
A three-dimensional incompressible flow field has the following velocity profile:
V = Kxi + kyj – 2kzk where K is a constant. Determine:
1. if V satisfies continuity and Navier-Stokes
2. the pressure field p(x,y,z)
Q6:
A two-dimensional incompressible flow is given by the velocity field V = 3yi + 2xj in
arbitrary units. Determine:
a) if the flow satisfies continuity
b) the stream function Ψ(x,y)
c) Plot a few streamlines showing their direction in the first and third quadrants.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2004/2005

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
The jet in Fig.1 strikes a vane, which moves to the right at constant velocity Vc on a
frictionless cart. Determine the following:
(a) The force Fx required to restrain the cart. (4 marks)
(b) The power P delivered to the cart. (3 marks)
(c) The cart velocity when the Fx is maximum. (1.5 marks)
(d) The cart velocity when P is maximum. (1.5 marks)

Q2:
(a) The water wheel shown in Fig.2 lifts water with 0.3 m half cylinder blades. The
wheel rotates at 1 rad./s. Find the water surface angle θ at point A.
(5 marks)
(b) A cheap accelerometer can be made from the U-tube shown in Fig.3. If L is 18 cm
and D « L, find h if ax = 6 m/s2.
(5 marks)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2004/2005

Student Name and I.D.:

Quiz 3

If p is pressure and y is a coordinate, state in the [MLT] system, the dimensions of the
quantities:

1. ∂p/∂y
2. ∫ p dy
3. ∂2p/∂y2
4. ∇p
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2004/2005

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:
V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient in a duct dT/dt at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T = (x2 +y2) Tw ;
where Tw is the wall temperature.

Q2:
The acceleration number, Ac used in compressible flow is a dimensionless combination of
acceleration of gravity g, viscosity , density , and bulk modulus B. If Ac is inversely
proportional to density, find its form.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 4; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2004/2005

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following question:

A plane is moving with supersonic speed where a mach cone is generated from the nose of
the plane as shown. When the surface of the cone reaches an observer, he hears the sound
of the plane. The angle θ is related to the elevation of the plane, Z and the ground distance
X is given by; tan θ = Z/X. Find the time required after the plane passes overhead for the
observer to hear the sound of the plane.
{Data; Z = 1000-m, Ma = 1.5, air temperature (T) = 20 oC; sin θ = 1/Ma}
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Final Examination; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2004/2005
_____________________________________________________________________
Answer five (5) only from the following questions:

Q1:
The three arm lawn sprinkler is shown in Fig.1. The sprinkler receives water through the center
at 2.7 m3/h. If bearing friction is negligible, calculate:
The rotation of the arm in rad./s when (a) θ = 0o; (b) θ = 40o.
(8 marks)

Q2:
The velocity profile for laminar flow between two plates is:u = 4umaxy(h-y)/h2 ; v = w = 0 as
shown in Fig.2. The wall temperature is Tw at both walls. Using the incompressible flow energy
equation calculate the temperature distribution T(y) between the walls for steady flow
conditions.
(8 marks)

Q3:
A two-dimensional incompressible flow is given by the velocity field V = 3y i + 2x j, in arbitrary
units.
(a) Show that the flow satisfy continuity and if so; (2 marks)
(b) Find the stream function ψ(x,y) (4 marks)
(c) Plot the stream function in the first quadrant showing stream lines directions(2 marks)

Q4:
For a flow over a flat plate the boundary layer thickness  varies with distance x, free stream
velocity U,  viscosity of fluid and density ρ. Find the dimensionless parameters for this problem
and compare with standard parameters as given in Table 5.2. (use the MLTθ dimensions)
(8 marks)

Q5:
Air, at stagnation conditions of 500 K and 200 kPa, flows through a nozzle. At section 1 the area
is 12 cm2, the density is 0.32 kg/m3. Assuming isentropic flow in the duct, find:
(a) the mass flow rate, m’ (2 marks)
(b) The critical area A* (2 marks)
(c) The Mach no. Ma1 and pressure at section 1, P1(4 marks)

Q6:
A converging duct passes air from standard atmospheric conditions (101 kPa and 15 oC) to a
receiver pipe as shown in Fig.3. The throat area is 1x10-4 m2. Find the mass flow rate, m’
through the pipe if the receiver pressure is:
(a) 80 kPa abs. (4 marks) (b) 40 kPa abs. (4 marks)
 Receiver
Standard air flow Converging pipe
conditions at Po duct
and To
Throat

Fig.3

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Quize 4; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2005/2006

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following question:

Q1:
A two dimensional velocity field is given by:
V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2005/2006

Time: 40 min. Date:

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
(a) What is meant by similarity ? Name the basic classifications for similarity and non-
dimensional scaling.
(b) An object of 1 mm in diameter. Find the drag force on this object when it moves in
fresh water. A scale model of 100 times larger is built and tested in glycerin at V =
30 cm/s. The measured drag on the model is 1.3 N. For similar conditions, what are
the velocity and drag of the actual object in water?
{The following pi groups apply for this problem; F/ρV2L2 = f(Re); also take p =
0.001 kg/ms, m = 1.5 kg/ms, ρp = 998 kg/m3 ; ρm = 1263kg/m3 }

Q2: (P4.34) give formula sheet.

(a) Define continuity in fluid flow.
(b) A three dimensional fluid flow has the following velocity in vector form:
V = Kx i + Ky j – 2Kz k
1. Determine if the velocity is a valid solution to continuity and Navier-Stokes
2. Find the pressure field P(x,y,z) for g = -g k
3. Is the flow irrotational?
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Final Examination; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2005/2006
_____________________________________________________________________
Answer six (6) only from the following questions:

Q1:
The tank of water in the figure accelerates uniformly by rolling without friction down the
30o incline. Find the angle θ of the free surface and explain your result value for θ .

Fig.p2.147

Q2:
A fluid jet strikes an incline at to θ the horizontal as shown. The jet breaks into two jets of
equal velocity but unequal fluxes αQ at (2) and (1- α)Q at (3). Find α, assuming the
tangential force on the plate is negligible. Explain why the result does not depend on the
properties of the jet flow?

Fig.p3.46

Q3:
A wind tunnel draws in sea-level standard air from the room and accelerates it into a 1 x 1
m test section. A pressure transducer in the test section wall measures Δp = 45 mm of water
between inside and outside and density of air(ρair) is 1.225 kg/m3 Estimate:
1. the air velocity in test section (V2)
2. the absolute pressure at the nose of the model (P3).

Fig. p3.166
Q4:
A constant-thickness film of viscous liquid flows in laminar motion down a plate inclined at
angle θ , as shown. The velocity profile is: u = Cy(2h-y); v = w = 0; Find:
1. the constant C in terms of the specific weight and viscosity and angle θ
2. the volume flux Q per unit width in terms of these parameters.

Fig.p4.36

Q5:
Given the incompressible flow V = 3y i + 2x j. Does this flow satisfy continuity ? If so, find
the stream function ψ(x,y) and plot few stream lines with directions in the first and second
quadrants.

Q6:
A pendulum has an oscillation period T which is assumed to depend on its length L, bob
mass m, angle of swing θ, and the acceleration of gravity g. Find the pi groups using MLTθ
system of dimensions.
A pendulum of 1 m long, with a bob mass of 0.2 kg, is tested on earth and found to have a
period of 2.04 s when swinging at θ = 20o. A similar constructed pendulum, with L = 30 cm
and m = 0.1 kg, is to swing on the moon (g = 1.62 m/s2) at θ = 20o; what will be its period, T
?
Can you find the period, T if the swing angle θ changes to other than 20o on moon. Explain.

Q7:
Air flows isentropically from a reservoir , where Po = 300 kPa, and To = 500 K, to section 1
in a duct, where A1 = 0.2 m2, and V1 = 550 m/s. Calculate:
(a) Ma1
(b) T1
(c) P1
(d) Mass flow rate m'
(e) A*
(f) Is the flow choked
(take Cp = 1005 J/kg.K, R = 287 J/kg.K, kair = 1.4)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Test 1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2005/2006
_____________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A tank contains oil of specific gravity 0.88. If the tank is 10-m long, the initial depth of oil is
2m, and the tank accelerates to the right at 2.45 m/s2. Assume that there is no slippage,
calculate:
1. The slope of the free surface
2. The minimum and maximum pressures at the tank bottom.

Q2:
Water at 10 oC flows from a large reservoir to a smaller one through a 5-cm diameter cast
iron piping system, as shown. Determine the elevation Z1 for a flow of 6 L/s. (Take; ρw = 103
kg/m3, µw = 1.307x10-3 kg/m.s, pipe roughness, e = 0.00026 m).

Q3:
Underground water is pumped to a sufficient height through a 10-cm pipe as shown. The
mass of the horizontal pipe section when filled with water is 12 kg per meter length. The
pipe is fixed on the ground by a concrete base. Determine:
(a) The torque acting at the base of the pipe at point A, TA
(b) The required length of the horizontal pipe section that will make the torque at A
zero.
(Take; ρw = 103 kg/m3)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Test 2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2005/2006
_____________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions:

Q1:
(a) The following two velocity components of a steady, incompressible, three
dimensional flow field are u = ax2 + by2 + cz2 and w = axz + byz2 ; where a, b, and c
are constants. Find the y velocity component as a function of x, y, and z.
(b) A steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow field in the xy-plane has a stream
function given by; ψ = ax3 + by + cx, where a,b, and c are constants: a = 0.5 m/s, b =
-2 m/s, and c = -1.5 m/s.
1. Obtain expressions for velocity components u, and v
2. Verify that the flow field satisfies the incompressible continuity equation
3. Plot a stream line of the flow in the upper-right quadrant for ψ = - 5 m2/s and 0≤ x
≤3, and show its direction.

Q2:
A wing chord of length Lc is 1.12 m, and its platform area A (area viewed from the top
when the wing is at zero angle of attack, α) is 10.7 m2. The prototype is to fly at V = 52 m/s
close to the ground when T = 25 oC. A one-tenth scale model is built of the wing to test in a
pressurized wind tunnel. The wind tunnel can be pressurized to a maximum of 10
atmosphere. Find:
(a) The dependant lift force (FL) as a function of the independent variables in dimensionless
form reduced to common established non-dimensional parameters. Use the MLTθ
system of dimensions and ρ,V and Lc as repeating variables.
(b) The test speed in the wind tunnel in order to achieve dynamic similarity.
(Data: At 25 oC ; c = 346 m/s, ρair = 1.184 kg/m3, µair = 1.849 x 10-5 kg/m.s)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Final Examination; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2005/2006
_____________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A supersonic airliner cruises at Ma = 2 at an altitude of 15000 m, where the air temperature is
217 K. Assuming the properties of air are k=1.4, Cp=1005 J/kg.K and R=287 J/kg.K. Find:
(a) The velocity of the airliner
(b) The surface temperature of the airliner
(c) Discuss the effect of the surface temperature value determined from design point of view
for airliner outer body.

Q2:
Water flows at steady state from a rectangular jet and hits a flat plate inclined at an angle θ = 30o
to the horizontal as shown in Fig.1. Using Reynold’s Transport theory; Find:
(a) The normal reaction force Fn
(b) The mass flow rates m*2 and m*3 in kg/s.
(ρw = 103 kg/m3 , V1 = V2 = V3)

Fig.1

Q3:
A velocity field is proposed to be u = 10 y ; v = - 10 x ; w=0
x2 + y2 x2 + y2
(a) Show that the flow is incompressible
(b) Find the pressure gradient ∇P
Assume frictionless air flow (µ is negligible) and using Euler’s equations with the Z-axis
up.(take ρair = 1.23 kg/m3)
Q4:
Define what is meant by similitude.
A test is to be performed on a proposed design for a large pump that is to deliver (Qp) 1.5 m3/s of
water from a 40 cm diameter impeller (Dp) with a pressure rise of 400 kPa (ΔPp) A model with
an 8 cm diameter impeller (Dm) is to be used. The model fluid is water at the same temperature
as the water in the prototype. Find for the model:
(a) The flow rate; Qm in m3/s
(b) The pressure rise; ΔPm in kPa.
(Euler number = ΔP/ ρV2 ; Reynolds number, Re-D = VD/v )

Q5:
An oil of density 820 kg/m3 is pumped between two storage tanks in a pipe with the following
characteristics: L = 2440 m, D = 0.2 m, f = 0.02, ∑K = 12.5. The upper tank is 32 m higher than
the lower tank. Using the data shown below, determine:
(a) The oil flow rate, Q in the pipe in m3/s
(b) The power requirement for the pump, Wp in kW (Wp = ρ g Q hp)
The experimental data with the pump output head hp is: hp = 51 + 1.2 V2
(assume the pump efficiency to be 0.7)

Tank
2
Tank
1
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2006/2007

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions

A 16 cm open cylinder 27 cm high is full of water. Calculate the rigid body rotation rate about its
central axis in r/min, for which:
(a)one third of water will spill out, and
(b)the bottom will be barely exposed.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1/MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2010/2011

Design Project
Design of a Low-Cost Pump

A typical pump has a head that for a given shaft rotation rate, varies with the flow rate, resulting
in a pump performance curve shown in Fig.1. Assume that this pump is 75 % efficient and is
used to deliver fluid between two reservoirs. A pump of the same category has the following
dimensionless performance parameters:
Head: Ф ≈ 6.04 – 161 ζ where; Ф = ghp/n2D2p and ζ = Q/ nD3p
Efficiency: η ≈ 70 ζ – 91500 ζ3; η = power to water / power input
Note that; 0 ζ 0.027.
Assume a pump of performance of Fig.1 has Dp = 2 ft in diameter and rotated at n = 20 r/s
(1200 r/min); Q ≈ 2.57 ft3/s; hp ≈ 172 ft. These values correspond to: Ф ≈ 3.46; ζ ≈ 0.016; η ≈
0.75; and power to the water, Po = ρ g Q hp ≈ 27,500 ft.lbf/s (50 hp).
Please check these numerical values before beginning this project.
Now refer to Fig.1 to select a low cost-pump that rotates at a rate no slower than 600 r/min, and
delivers no less than 1 ft3/s of water. Assume that the cost of the pump is linearly proportional to
the power input required. Comment on any limitations to your results.

Notation:
hp is pump head in ft.
n is the shaft rotation rate in r/s
Dp is the impeller diameter in ft.
Q = flow rate, ft3/s
Po = power output, hp
ρ = density of water, lbm/ft3
η = efficiency of pump

Submit your project by 2nd December, 2010

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question

Using a computer iterative technique, determine the diameter of a pipe, which carries gasoline at
a flow rate of 0.1 m3/s. Pertinent data of pipe are shown in the diagram. Neglect minor losses.
Specific weight of gasoline = 7.05 kN/m3
Viscosity of gasoline = 2.92 E-4 Ns/m2

(1)
Pipeline

(2) at Atmospheric

82.65 m P1 = 2.5 kPa

L = 965.5 m

66.66 m

Datum
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test 1; Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2006/2007

Date: 17/4/2007

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question

Q1: A rectangular water tank open to the atmosphere is accelerated to the right on a level surface
at a specified rate. The maximum pressure in the tank above the atmospheric level is to be
determined. Pertinent data are shown in the diagram.

Vent

1.5 m


h0 =2.5 m
Water tank ax = 2 m/s2

L =5 m

Q2: Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at a rate of 0.2 m3/s and at a velocity of 5 m/s, and
leaves to atmosphere at an angle of 60o from the axial direction. The discharge flow area is half
the inlet flow area. Find the force acting on the shaft in the axial direction.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The forces acting on the piping
system in the horizontal direction are negligible. 3 The atmospheric pressure is disregarded since
it acts on all surfaces. 4 Water flow is nearly uniform at the outlet and thus the momentum-flux
correction factor can be taken to be unity,   1.
Properties: Take the density of water to be 1000 z
kg/m3.
x
60 

m V

n FRx
Q3:
The average flow velocity in a pipe is 1.2 m/s. Determine: 1.The pressure drop, 2.The head loss,
and 3.The pumping power required to overcome the pressure drop.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are negligible,
and thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no components such as bends, valves,
and connectors. 4 The piping section involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  = 999.7 kg/m3 and  =
1.30710-3 kg/ms, respectively.

Water
D = 0.2 cm
1.2 m/s

L = 15 m
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 3; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007

Student Name and

No.:____________________________________________________________________

A flow through a converging nozzle is shown in the figure. The flow is governed by the
following velocity profile:
u = Vo (1+2X/L); v = 0; w = 0
(a) Find an expression for the fluid acceleration in the nozzle
(b) Find the acceleration at inlet and exit of the nozzle when Vo = 3 m/s and L = 0.15 m.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Quiz 4; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007

Student Name and

No.:____________________________________________________________________

Air flows isentropically from a reservoir , where P = 300 kPa, and T = 500 K, to section 1 in
a duct, where A1 = 0.2 m2, and V1 = 550 m/s. Calculate:
(a) Ma1
(b) T1
(c) P1
(d) Mass flow rate m'
(e) A*
(f) Is the flow choked
(take Cp = 1005 J/kg.K, R = 287 J/kg.K, kair = 1.4, T1 = To – V21/2Cp)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test 2 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2006/2007

Date: 29/5/2007

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions

Q1: A steady two-dimensional incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with the velocity field
u = -2xy; v = y2 – x2; and w = 0.
(a) Does the flow satisfy conservation of mass.
(b) Find the pressure field p(x,y) if the pressure at point (x=0, y=0) is equal to po.

Q2: A long cylinder of rectangular cross section, 5 cm high and 30 cm long, is immersed in
water at 20 cC flowing at 12 m/s parallel to the long side of the rectangle. Estimate the drag force
on the cylinder, per unit length, if the rectangle:
(a) Has a flat face.
(b) Has a rounded nose.
(c) the boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge
(ρw = 998 kg/m3) 12 m/s
Water

5 cm

30 cm
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Final Examination

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2006/2007

_____________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions:

Q1: Orange juice is flowing through a horizontal U-type reducing bend at a rate of 36 kg/s.
The cross-sectional area, gage pressure, and velocity are 168 cm2, 57.5 kPa and 2.10 m/s at
the inlet, and 80 cm2, 50 kPa and 4.37 m/s at the outlet as shown in Fig.1. Calculate the
force applied to the reducing bend by the orange juice in the horizontal direction.

Fig.1

Q2: The water level in a tank is 12 m above the bottom as shown in Fig.2. A hose is
connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the hose is pointed straight
up. The tank is at 13 m above the sea level, and the water surface is open to the
atmosphere. In the line leading from the tank to the nozzle there is a pump, which increases
the water pressure by 50 kPa. Determine the maximum height (h) above the sea level to
which the water stream could rise neglecting all losses. (ρw = 103 kg/m3).
 Fig.2

Q3: A water jet strikes a rectangular block through a cavity, as shown in Fig.3, and
deflected back at an angle of 45° from the horizontal. If the block does not move, determine
the friction force between the block and the floor.

Fig.3

Q4: A supersonic airliner cruises at Ma = 2 at an altitude of 15000 m, where the air

temperature is 217 K. Assuming the properties of air are k=1.4, Cp=1005 J/kg.K and
R=287 J/kg.K. Find:
(a) The velocity of the airliner
(b) The surface temperature of the airliner
(c) Discuss the effect of the surface temperature value determined from design point
of view for airliner outer body.

Q5:
(a) The following two velocity components of a steady, incompressible, three
dimensional flow field are u = ax2 + by2 + cz2 and w = axz + byz2 ; where a, b, and c
are constants. Find the y velocity component as a function of x, y, and z.
 (b) A steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow field in the xy-plane has a stream
function given by; ψ = ax3 + by + cx, where a,b, and c are constants: a = 0.5 m/s, b =
-2 m/s, and c = -1.5 m/s.
1. Obtain expressions for velocity components u, and v
2. Verify that the flow field satisfies the incompressible continuity equation
3. Plot a stream line of the flow in the upper-right quadrant for ψ = - 5 m2/s and 0≤ x
≤3, and show its direction.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

QUIZ 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2007/2008

Name and
I.D:_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question:

A U-tube filled with water shown in the figure is rotated about the right leg at 10 rad/s. Find the
pressures at corners A and C. Take L = 40 cm; ρw = 103 kg/m3.
z
Ω=10 rad/s
r
A

L L

C
1.5 L
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

QUIZ 3

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2007/2008

Name and
I.D:_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question:

Water at a velocity of 7 m/s exits a

stationary nozzle with D = 4 cm and is
directed toward a turning vane with  = 40˚,
assume steady-state.

Determine:
a. Velocity and flow rate entering the c.v.
b. Velocity and flow rate leaving the c.v.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2007/2008

Date: 8/11/2007

Student Name and No.: ----------------------------------------------------------------

Answer the following questions

Q1:
Water flows at steady state from a rectangular jet and hits a flat plate inclined at an angle θ = 30o
to the horizontal as shown in Fig.1. Using Reynold’s Transport theory; Find:
(a) The normal reaction force Fn on the plate
(b) The mass flow rates m*2 and m*3 in kg/s.
(ρw = 103 kg/m3 , V1 = V2 = V3)

Fig.1
Q2:
Water at 10 oC flows from a large reservoir to a smaller one through a 5-cm diameter cast iron
piping system, as shown. Determine the elevation Z1 for a flow of 6 L/s. (Take; ρw = 103 kg/m3,
µw = 1.307x10-3 kg/m.s, pipe roughness, e = 0.00026 m).

Fig.2
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Take Home QUIZ (4)

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2007/2008

Date: 27/11/2007
Name and I.D:__________________________________________________

A steady incompressible, parallel, laminar flow of a thin film of oil falling slowly down an
infinite vertical wall as shown in the figure. The oil film thickness is h, and gravity acts in the
negative z-direction. There is no applied pressure driving the flow-the oil falls by gravity alone.
Determine:
(a) The velocity field in the oil film
(b) The pressure field in the oil film
(c) Sketch the velocity field in the x-direction
{Assumptions: 1. The wall is infinite in the yz-plane; 2. The flow is steady; 3. The flow is parallel
(the x-component of velocity u is zero everywhere); 4. The fluid is
incompressible, Newtonian and laminar; 5. Pressure P = Patm. = constant
at the free surface and in the horizontal direction; 6. The velocity field is
two dimensional, which implies v = 0, and all partial derivatives with
respect to y is zero; 7. g = -gk, gx = gy = 0}.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
University of Bahrain
Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2006/2007

Date: 3/1/2008 Time: 40 min.

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1
A two dimensional velocity field is given by:
V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j; in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), Determine:
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient dT/dx at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T = 4x2 – 3y3
And T is associated with V above.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q2
Air flowing through a converging-diverging nozzle experiences a normal shock wave at the
nozzle exit plane as shown in Fig.1. Determine the following after the shock:
(a) The stagnation pressure, static temperature, and static density
(b) The exit velocity
(c) Mass flow rate through the nozzle
(d) Why the temperature after shock is of concern to the aerospace engineer.
Pertinent data are shown on the figure. Assume one dimensional, steady and isentropic flow with
k =1.4 from nozzle inlet to shock location.
(R=287 J/kg. K).

Fig.1
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Final Examination

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2007/2008

_____________________________________________________________________
Answer five (5) from the following questions (All questions carry equal marks):

Q1: A siphon shown in Fig.1 is used to draw gas out of a car. The difference in pressure between
point 1 at the surface of gasoline in the tank and point 2 at the outlet of the tube causes the
liquid to flow from higher to lower elevation. Point 2 is located 0.75 m below point 1, and
point 3 is located 2 m above point 1. The siphon diameter is 4 mm, and frictional head loss in
the siphon from points 1 to 3, h1-3 = 0.1 m and from points 2 to 3, h2-3 = 0.1 m. (ρgasoline = 750
kg/m3, take your reference line at point 2). Determine:

(a) The minimum time to withdraw 4 liters (1 L = 10-3 m3) of gasoline from the car
tank to the gas can.
(b) The pressure at point 3.

Fig.1
Q2: A reducing elbow is used to deflect water flow at a rate of 14 kg/s in a horizontal pipe
upward 30o while accelerating it as shown in Fig.2. The elbow discharges water into the
atmosphere. The cross sectional area of the elbow is 113 cm2 at inlet and 7 cm2 at outlet.
The elevation difference between the centers of the outlet and inlet is 30 cm. The
frictional losses, weight of the elbow and the water in it are considered to be negligible.
Determine:
(a) The gauge pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow
(b) The horizontal component of the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in
place.
[Take ρw = 10 kg/m ]
3 3
 Fig.2

Q3: In a fully developed pipe flow shown in Fig.3, the shear stress τ is a function of the diameter
of the pipe D, the velocity of the fluid V, the density ρ, the fluid viscosity
μ, and the pipe roughness ε. These parameters are constant down the length
of the pipe.
Develop a non-dimensional relationship between the different parameters listed and make any
modifications necessary to put the pi groups into an acceptable standard
form. (Choose ρ, V, D as your repeating variables).

τw

Fig.3

Q4: A steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in the narrow gap between two
infinite parallel plates Fig.4. The top plate is moving with speed V, and the
bottom plate is fixed. The distance between the two plates is h, and gravity
acts in the negative Z-direction (into the page). There is no applied
pressure other than hydrostatic pressure due to gravity (Couette flow).
Determine:
(a) The velocity field
(b) The pressure field
 Fig.4

Q5: Air at 20 oC flows at V = 10 m/s over a smooth flat plate of length L = 1.52 m as shown in
Fig.5. Compare:
(a) The boundary layer values at X = L for both laminar and turbulent
velocity profiles.
(b) The local skin friction coefficients for the two cases at X = L.
(c) Plot and compare the growth of laminar and turbulent boundary
layers.
[Take νair = 1.516 E-5 m2/s at 20 oC].

Fig.5

Q6: Air enters a converging-diverging nozzle as shown in Fig.6 at 1 MPa and 800 K with a
negligible velocity. The flow is steady, one-dimensional and isentropic
with k = 1.4 and R = 0.287 kPa.m3/kg. For an exit Mach number of Ma = 2
and a throat area of 20 cm2, determine:
(a) The throat conditions (p*, T*, ρ* and V*)
(b) The exit velocity, Ve
(c) The mass flow rate through the nozzle, m˙
Fig.6
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________
Answer the following question

Water at 15°C (ρ = 999.1 kg/m 3 and μ = 1.138x10 -3 kg/m • s) is flowing steadily in a 30-m-long
and 4-cm-diameter horizontal pipe made of stainless steel at a rate of 8 L/s. Determine (a) the
pressure drop, (b) the head loss, and (c) the pumping power requirement to overcome this pressure
drop.

Water
D = 4 cm
8 L/s

L = 30 m
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________
Answer the following question

A turning vane with Ө = 60o accelerates from rest due to a jet of water (VJ = 35 m/s, AJ = 0.003 m2).
Assuming the mass of the cart, Mc = 30 kg as shown in the figure. Neglect the drag and friction
effects, determine:
(1) The cart acceleration at t = 0
(2) The velocity of the cart as a function of time, Uc f(t).

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test 1
 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008
Date: 6/04/2008

Student Name and No.:………………………………………………………………………

Answer the following questions

Q1
Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at a rate of 0.2 m3/s and at a velocity of 5 m/s, and leaves to
atmosphere at an angle of 60o from the axial direction. The discharge flow area is half the inlet flow area.
Find the force acting on the shaft in the axial direction.
Assumptions: 1-The flow is steady and incompressible. 2-The forces acting on the piping system in the
horizontal direction are negligible.3-The atmospheric pressure is disregarded since it acts on all surfaces.4-
Water flow is nearly uniform at the outlet and thus the momentum-flux correction factor can be taken to be
unity,   1. Properties: Take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3.
z

x
60 

m V

n FRx

Q2
Water at 10 oC flows from a large reservoir to a smaller one through a 5-cm diameter cast iron
piping system as shown. Determine the elevation Z1 for a flow of 6 L/s. (Take; ρw = 103 kg/m3, µw =
1.307x10-3 kg/m.s, pipe roughness, e = 0.00026 m).
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Take Home Quiz 3; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question

A moving plate with velocity V is separated from a fixed plate as shown. The gap h is filled with
fluid with viscosity μ. The pressure gradient in the x-direction with respect to x is ∂p/∂x = ∆p/∆x.
Using Continuity and Navier Stokes equations, calculate:
(a) The velocity and pressure field
(b) Plot:
- The total velocity field for Poiseuille and Couette flow
- The velocity field for Poiseuille flow only
- The total velocity field for Couette flow only
- Comment on the different flows and state which flow is more practical.
Make the following assumptions:
1. The plates are infinite in the x and z-directions
2. The flow is steady, i.e. ∂/∂t = 0
3. The flow is parallel (y-component of V = 0)
4. The fluid is incompressible and Newtonian with constant properties and the flow is viscous
(laminar).
5. Pressure p varies with respect to x linearly.
6. The velocity field is two dimensional, i.e. w = 0 and ∂/∂z of any velocity component is zero.
7. Gravity acts in the negative y-direction, i.e. gy = -g, gx = gz = 0
(When plotting take: ∂p/∂x = ∆p/∆x = 50 kPa/m, μ = 40 x 10-3 Ns/m2, ρ = 800 kg/m3, h = 2.5 cm, V
= 1.5 m/s).

Moving Plate V
y
h Fluid μ, ρ
p1 p2
x
x1 Fixed Plate x2

Department of Mechanical Eng

College of Engineering

Date: 8 May 2008 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Quiz 4

Student Name and No.: _________

Answer the following question

A steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow field in the xy-plane has a stream function given by;
ψ = ax3 + by + cx, where a, b, and c are constants: a = 0.5 m/s, b = -2 m/s, and c = -1.5 m/s.
1. Obtain expressions for velocity components u, and v
2. Verify that the flow field satisfies the incompressible continuity equation
3. Plot a stream line of the flow in the upper-right quadrant for ψ = - 5 m2/s, and 0≤ x ≤3, and
show its direction.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008; Date: 20/5/08

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1: A two dimensional velocity field is given by:

V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient dT/dx at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T = 4x2 – 3y3
and T is associated with V.

Q2: For each statement on laminar flow over flat plate as shown (Fig.1), choose whether the
statement is true or false and discuss your answer briefly.
(a) At a given x-location, if the Reynolds number were to increase, the boundary layer thickness
would also increase.
 (b) As outer flow velocity increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.
(c) As the fluid viscosity increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.
(d) As the fluid density increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.

Fig.1
Water flows over a fin at a speed of 9.6 km/h as shown in Fig.2. The temperature of water is 68oF,
and the cord length c of the fin is 0.48 m. Is the boundary layer on the surface of the fin laminar,
transitional or turbulent? (ρw = 998 kg/m3; μw = 1.002 E-3 kg/m.s; Recr = 500,000 – 3000,000).

Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Date: 1 June 2008 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Quiz 4

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

Q:
In a large tank in which the air velocity is negligible, the temperature and pressure are 500 K
and 200 kPa. This tank supplies air to an isentropic nozzle. At one section of this nozzle, the
pressure is 120 kPa. What is the temperature at this section? (R=287 j/kg-K, k=1.4).
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Final Examination

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Answer all questions - questions carry equal marks:

Q1:
A flow field is described by the stream function equation Ψ = y – x2. Perform the following:
(a) Sketch the streamlines Ψ = 0, Ψ = 1, and Ψ = 2 in the 1st and 2nd quadrants and show their
directions.
(b) Derive an expression for the velocity field V at any point in the flow-field
(c) Calculate the vorticity of this flow and indicate whether the flow is rotational or irrotational.

Q2:
A vertical pipe bend of 300 mm and 200 mm diameters at inlet and outlet with water flow rate 0.3
m3/s and an inlet pressure of 70 kPa. is shown in Fig.1. The reducer bend has a volume of 0.085 m3.
Refer to the pipe bend data shown in the figure and take ρw = 998 kg/m3, determine the following:
(a) The pressure at section 2 outlet of the bend
(b) The resultant force exerted by the fluid on the bend.
 Fig.1
Q3:
Atmospheric air at 20 oC flows over a flat plate at 100 m/s. At x = 6 m, estimate:
(a) The local skin friction coefficient
(b) The wall shear
(c) The drag force over the entire plate
(d) The boundary layer thickness
(νair = 1.5x10-5 m2/s; ρair = 1.2 kg/m3; plate width is 3 m; Recrt. = 3x106)
Q4:
A converging-diverging nozzle has a throat diameter of 5 cm and an exit diameter of 10 cm is
experimented upon in the Fluid Mechanics laboratory at the University of Bahrain. The laboratory is
maintained at atmospheric conditions of 20 oC and 90 kPa absolute. Air is constantly pumped from a
reservoir as shown in Fig.2 so that a normal shock wave stands across the exit plane of the nozzle.
Determine:
(a) The receiver pressure in kPa
(b) The mass flux through the nozzle in kg/s
(R = 287 m2/s2.K, k = 1.4) Shock Wave

Fig.2
Q5:
Gasoline is being pumped at 400 liters/s in a pipeline from A to B as shown in Fig.3. The only
contributions to minor losses are the two valves located at the ends of the pipe. Determine the
necessary pump power required to meet the flow requirements, assuming the pump efficiency to be
76 %. (Ksharp-edged exit = 0.5; Kexit = 1; epipe roughness = 1 mm; S.Ggasol.= 0.81, νgasol. = 4.26 x 10-7 m2/s; γw
= 9.8 kN/m3 ).
 Fig.3
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Date: 28/9/2008 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009

Quiz 1

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

Q: A tank of water 4 m deep receives a constant upward acceleration az. Determine:

(a) The gauge pressure at the tank bottom if az = 5 m2/s
(b) The value of az that causes the gauge pressure at the tank bottom to be 1 atm.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Date: 28/10/2008 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009

Quiz 3

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

Q: A tank is being filled with water by two one dimensional inlets as shown. Air is trapped at the top
of the tank. The height of water is h. Find an expression for the change in water height dh/dt in
terms of the flow rates at the inlets Q1, Q2 and the tank area At. The rate of change of air mass in
the tank is zero as the air is trapped at the top.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009; Date: 2/11/2008

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions (questions carry equal marks):

Q1: A reducing elbow is used to deflect water flow at a rate of 14 kg/s in a horizontal pipe upward
30o while accelerating it as shown in Fig.1. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere.
The cross sectional area of the elbow is 113 cm 2 at inlet and 7 cm2 at outlet. The elevation
difference between the centers of the outlet and inlet is 30 cm. The frictional losses, weight of
the elbow and the water in it are considered to be negligible. Determine:
(a) The gauge pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow
(b) The horizontal component of the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place.
[Take ρw = 103 kg/m3]

Fig.1

Q2: An oil of density 820 kg/m3 is pumped between two storage tanks in a pipe with the following
characteristics: L = 2440 m, D = 0.2 m, f = 0.02, ∑K = 12.5. The upper tank is 32 m higher than the
lower tank as shown in Fig.2. Using the data shown below, determine:
(a) The oil flow rate, Q in the pipe in m3/s
(b) The power requirement for the pump, Wp in kW (Wp = ρ g Q hp)
The experimental data with the pump output head hp is: hp = 51 + 1.2 V2; where V is the fluid
velocity in pipe. (Assume the pump efficiency to be 0.7).
 Tank
2
Tank
1

Fig.2
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 4; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following question:

A two dimensional velocity field is given by:

V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find:
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 5; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following question:

An ideal gas, at 20°C and 1 atm, flows at 12 m/s past a thin flat plate. At a position 60 cm
downstream of the leading edge, the boundary layer thickness is 5 mm. Which of the 13 gases in
Table A.4 is this likely to be?
Specific-heat Power-law
Gas Molecular W R, m2/(s2 • K) ρg,N/m3 μ, N • s/m2 ratio exponent n

H2 2.016 4124 0.822 9.05 E-6 1.41 0.68

He 4.003 2077 1.63 1.97 E-5 1.66 0.67
H2O 18.02 461 7.35 1.02 E-5 1.33 1.15
Ar 39.944 208 16.3 2.24 E-5 1.67 0.72
Dry air 28.96 287 11.8 1.80 E-5 1.40 0.67
CO2 44.01 189 17.9 1.48 E-5 1.30 0.79
CO 28.01 297 11.4 1.82 E-5 1.40 0.71
N2 28.02 297 11.4 1.76 E-5 1.40 0.67
02 32.00 260 13.1 2.00 E-5 1.40 0.69
NO 30.01 277 12.1 1.90 E-5 1.40 0.78
N20 44.02 189 17.9 1.45 E-5 1.31 0.89
C12 70.91 117 28.9 1.03 E-5 1.34 1.00
CH4 16.04 518 6.54 1.34 E-5 1.32 0.87
Properties of common gases at 1 atm. And 20 oC
 Design Based Experimental Work

Forced/Free Vortex Experiment

Course: Fluid Mechanics-MEG 333 Date: 04/10/2010

Semester 1; 2010/2011

DESIGN AN EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND SELECT A SUITABLE APPARATUS

TO MEASURE THE PIEZOMETRIC AND TOTAL HEAD IN A FORCED VORTEX
SYSTEM .

COURSE INSTRUCTOR : DR. M OH’D NABHAN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
M ECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Design Based Experimental Work

Forced/Free Vortex Experiment

Course: Fluid Mechanics-MEG 333

Semester 2; 2008/2009

DESIGN THE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND SELECT A SUITABLE APPARATUS

TO MEASURE THE PIEZOMETRIC AND TOTAL HEAD IN A FORCED VORTEX AND A
FREE VORTEX SYSTEM .

COURSE INSTRUCTOR : DR. M OH’D NABHAN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
M ECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
 Design Based Experimental Work

Pressure loss measurement in pipes and fittings

Course: Fluid Mechanics-MEG 333

Semester 2; 2008/2009

DESIGN THE EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE AND SELECT THE APPARATUS TO

MEASURE THE PIEZOMETRIC HEAD ACROSS PIPE SECTIONS AND VARIOUS
FITTINGS IN TWO FLUID FLOW CIRCUITS .

COURSE INSTRUCTOR : DR. M OH’D NABHAN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
M ECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Design Based Experimental Work

Nozzle Pressure Distribution Experiment

Course: Fluid Mechanics-MEG 333

Semester 2; 2008/2009 Date: 12 May 2009

DESIGN THE EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE AND SELECT A SUITABLE APPARATUS TO

MEASURE THE EFFECT OF INLET AND BACK PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON THE MASS
FLOW RATE USING DIFFERENT NOZZLE GEOMETRY AND COMPARE YOUR RESULTS WITH
THEORY .

COURSE INSTRUCTOR : DR. M OH’D NABHAN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
M ECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
 Design Based Experimental Work

Impact of Jet

Course: Fluid Mechanics-MEG 333

Semester 1; 2008/2009

DESIGN THE EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE AND SELECT A SUITABLE APPARATUS TO

MEASURE AND INVESTIGATE THE VALIDITY OF THE THEORETICAL EXPRESSIONS
FOR THE FORCE EXERTED BY A JET OF FLUID ON A TARGET OF VARIOUS SHAPES
USING INTEGRAL RELATIONS PRINCIPLES .

COURSE INSTRUCTOR : DR. MOH’D NABHAN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Design Based Experimental Work

Centrifugal Pump Characteristics

Course: Fluid Mechanics-MEG 333

Semester 1; 2008/2009

DESIGN THE EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE AND SELECT A SUITABLE APPARATUS TO

STUDY THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS AT VARIOUS SPEEDS AND
IMPELLER TYPES, AND COMPARE EXPERIMENTAL WITH THEORETICAL RESULTS.

Course Instructor: Dr. Moh’d Nabhan

Associate Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009; Date: 23/12/2008

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1: A two dimensional velocity field is given by:

V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient dT/dx at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T = 4x2 – 3y3
and T is associated with V.

Q2: For each statement on laminar flow over flat plate as shown (Fig.1), choose whether the
statement is true or false and discuss your answer briefly.
(a) At a given x-location, if the Reynolds number were to increase, the boundary layer thickness
would also increase.
(b) As outer flow velocity increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.
(c) As the fluid viscosity increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.
(d) As the fluid density increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.

Fig.1
Water flows over a fin at a speed of 9.6 km/h as shown in Fig.2. The temperature of water is 68oF,
and the cord length c of the fin is 0.48 m. Is the boundary layer on the surface of the fin laminar,
transitional or turbulent? (ρw = 998 kg/m3; μw = 1.002 E-3 kg/m.s; Recr = 500,000 – 3000,000).

Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Final Examination
 Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2008/2009

Answer all questions - questions carry equal marks:

Q1:
a) When a pitot tube such as Fig. 1 is placed in a supersonic flow, a normal shock will stand in
front of the probe. Suppose the probe reads p0 = 190 kPa and ps = 150 kPa. If the stagnation
temperature at the probe head is 400 K, estimate:
1. Supersonic Mach number, and
2. Velocity upstream of the shock.
(K = 1.4, R = 287 j/kg.K, Cp = 1005 J/kg ⋅K.)
b) Explain the effect of supersonic Mach no. with area change for a diverging nozzle on
velocity change and pressure change. Support your answer with a neat diagram.

Fig.1

Q2:
Fig.2 shows a square container filled with water, which undergoes a rigid body translation with ax =
3 m/s2. Determine:
a) Maximum and minimum elevation of water in the container.
b) Net force on left wall and compare this with container at rest.
c) Comment on the pressure values on the left and right walls of the container as it accelerates
with the ax value given.
(ρw = 103 kg/m3)
 Fig.2

Q3:
The system in Fig.3 consists of 1200 m of 5 cm cast-iron pipe, two 45° and four 90° flanged long-
radius elbows, a fully open flanged globe valve, and a sharp exit into a reservoir. If the elevation at
point 1 is 400 m, what gage pressure is required at point 1 to deliver 0.005 m3/s of water at 20°C into
the reservoir?
For water at 20°C, take ρ = 998 kg/m3 and μ = 0.001 kg/m⋅s. For cast iron, take ε ≈ 0.26 mm.

Fig.3

Q4:
A symmetrical steady flow round a cylinder is shown in Fig.4. The control volume excluding the
cylinder is shown. The velocity downstream is given by uy = 29 + y2/100 m/s. Calculate the drag
force per unit meter of length acting on the cylinder. Take ρair = 1.2 kg/m3.

Fig.4

Q5:
The velocity profile for laminar flow between two plates, as shown in Fig.5 is given by;
u = 4 U y (h-y)/h2 v=w=0
If the wall temperature is Tw at both walls, use the incompressible-flow energy equation to solve for
the temperature distribution T(y) between the walls for steady flow.

Fig.5

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Date: 8 March 2009 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Quiz 1

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

Q: A fish tank 35 cm deep by 40 by 68 cm is to be carried in a car that experiences accelerations
as high as 5 m/s2. Find:
(a) The maximum water depth that will avoid spelling of rigid body motion.
(b) Inclination of the free water surface with the still surface.
(c) The central pressure on the face of tank with the more water elevation.
(The 40 cm width is aligned with the car direction of motion, ρ w = 103 kg/m3, g = 9.81 m/s2)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2008/2009; Date: 26/03/2009

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1: A vertical cylindrical tank is completely filled with gasoline of density 740 kg/m3 as shown in
Fig.1.The tank is rotated about its vertical axis at 70 rpm. Determine: (a) The pressures difference
between the centers of the bottom and top surfaces, and (b) The pressures difference between the
center and the edge of the bottom surface. (c) Comment on the values in (a) and (b).

D = 1.20 m
h=3m

0 r
Fig.1

Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container
always acts as a rigid body. 2 Gasoline is an incompressible substance.
Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid rotating
 2
in rigid body motion is given by: P2  P1  (r22  r12 )  g ( z 2  z1 )
2

Q2: A fireboat pump delivers water to a 40 mm diameter nozzle as shown in Fig.2. The water is
elevated through vertical distances h1 = 1.2 m and h2 = 0.7 m. If friction is neglected, and the pump
adds 3.75 m of head to the flow. Determine: the water discharge from nozzle in L/min.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Date: 2 April 2009 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2007/2008

Quiz 2

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

The average flow velocity in a pipe is 1.2 m/s. Determine: 1.The pressure drop, 2.The head loss, and
3.The pumping power required to overcome the pressure drop.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are negligible, and
thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no components such as bends, valves, and
connectors. 4 The piping section involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  = 999.7 kg/m3 and  =
1.30710-3 kg/ms, respectively.

Water
D = 0.2 cm
1.2 m/s
L = 15 m
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Date: 16 April 2009 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2008/2009

Quiz 3

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

A water jet of velocity V impinges on a plate moving toward the water jet with velocity ½V. The
force required to move the plate towards the jet is to be determined in terms of F acting on the
stationary plate.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The plate is vertical and the jet is normal
to plate. 3 The pressure on both sides of the plate is atmospheric pressure (and thus its effect cancels
out). 4 Fiction during motion is negligible. 5 There is no acceleration of the plate. 6 The water
splashes off the sides of the plate in a plane normal to the jet. 7 Jet flow is nearly uniform and thus
the effect of the momentum-flux correction factor is negligible,   1.

1/2V
V
V
Water jet
V
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1 Semester 2; 2006/2007 Date: 05/5/2009

Test 2

Student Name and No.: ________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions

Q1: A steady two-dimensional, incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with the velocity field u =
-2 x y v = y2 – x2 and w = 0

(a) Does the flow satisfy conservation of mass.

(b) Find the total pressure gradient P(x,y)

Q2: Underground water is pumped through a 10 cm diameter pipe as shown in the figure. Water
discharges to atmosphere at 3 m/s. The mass of the horizontal pipe section when filled with water is
12 kg per meter length. The pipe is fixed to the ground with a concrete base. Determine:
(a) The bending moment acting on the base at point A
(b) The required length of the horizontal pipe that would make the bending moment at A zero.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Date: 28 May 2009 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2008/2009

Quiz 4

Student Name and No.:

Assume that the following parameters are known for a turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat
plate: Cf,x = 0.059 (Rex)-1/5   0.097 
Use the Van Karman integral equation to show that: /x = 0.38/(Rex)1/5
{Note for a flat plate the Karman integral equation reduces to Cf,x = 2 d/dx}

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Date: 7 June 2009 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2008/2009

Quiz 5

Student Name and No.:

______________________________________________________________________________
Air, at stagnation conditions of 500 K and 200 kPa, flows through a nozzle. At section 1 the area is
12 cm2, the density is 0.32 kg/m3. Assuming isentropic flow in the duct, find:
(a) the mass flow rate, m’ (4 marks)
(b) The critical area A* (2 marks)
(c) The Mach no. Ma1 and pressure at section 1, P1(4 marks)
(R = 287 J/kg.K; k = 1.4)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1 Semester 2; 2008/2009 Date: 4 June 2009

Test 3

Student Name and No.: ________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions

Q1: A smooth rectangular plate 1.2 m wide by 24.4 m long moves through 20 oC water in the
direction of its length. The drag force on the plate (two sides) is 8 kN. Find:
(a) The velocity of the plate
(b) The thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge, and
(c) The length xcrit.of the laminar boundary layer if laminar conditions occur at the leading edge.
Also calculate the percentage of laminar flow over the entire length of the plate.
{Assume Cd = 0.002; Re,crit = 5x105; and ρw = 1000 kg/m3; νw = 10-6 Ns/m2}

Q2: An air stream issues from a nozzle into the atmosphere where the barometric pressure is 750
mm of mercury and the temperature is 20 oC. Assuming that for air the difference between the
stagnation temperature and the free stream temperature is is given by:

To – T1 = (V1/45)2 oC where V1 = 250 m/s

Determine:
(a) The stagnation temperature, To in K
(b) The free stream Mach Number, Ma
(c) The free stream pressure, P1 in kPa
{ρHg = 13600 kg/m3}

The the
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Final Examination

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2008/2009

Answer all questions

Q1:
Air flows from a tank through a nozzle into the atmosphere, where Patm = 100 kPa, as shown in
Fig.1. A normal shock wave stands in the exit of the nozzle, as shown. Determine:
(a) The pressure in the tank in kPa.
(b) The mass flow rate through the nozzle
 Fig.1
Q2:
(a) Consider the two bodies of non-aerodynamic (cylinder) and aerodynamic (aerofoil) shapes
shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2
For the two bodies comment and compare between the following:
1. Pressure drag and skin friction drag.
2. Boundary layer separation.

(b) An automotive engine shown in Fig.3 can be considered as a 0.4-m high, 0.6-m wide, and
0.7-m long rectangular block. Determine the drag force on the bottom surface of the engine
block as the car travels at a velocity of 85 km/h. Assume that the flow to be steady,
incompressible, and turbulent on the entire engine block bottom surface.
(ρair = 1.225 kg/m3, νair = 1.47 E-5 m2/s).
 Fig.3

Q3:
The velocity profile for laminar flow between two plates as shown in Fig.4 is:
u = 4 U y (h – y) v=w=0
2
h
The wall temperature is Tw at both walls and U is the maximum velocity of fluid. Use the
incompressible flow energy equation to solve for the temperature distribution T(y) between the walls
for steady flow condition.

Fig.4

Q4:
Oil with specific gravity of 0.87 (ρo = 869.1 kg/m3) is being pumped from a lower reservoir to an
elevated tank, as shown in Fig.5. The pump in the system is 78 percent efficient and is rated at 185
kW input power. If the total head loss from point 1 to point 2 is 12 m of oil, show that the volume
flow rate is given by the following relationship:

Q2 – 0.23 Q-1 + 0.83 = 0

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

QUIZ 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2009/2010

Name and
I.D:_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question:

 A U-tube filled with water shown in the figure is rotated about the right leg at 10 rad/s. Find the
pressures at corners A and C. Take L = 40 cm; ρw = 103 kg/m3.
z
Ω=10 rad/s
r
A

L L

C
1.5 L

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2009/2010 Date: 3/11/2009

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions

Q1:
The average flow velocity in a pipe is 1.2 m/s. Determine: 1.The pressure drop, 2.The head loss, and
3.The pumping power required to overcome the pressure drop.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are negligible, and
thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no components such as bends, valves, and
connectors. 4 The piping section involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  = 999.7 kg/m3 and  =
1.30710-3 kg/ms, respectively.

Water
D = 0.2 cm
1.2 m/s

L = 15 m

Q2: A vertical cylindrical tank is completely filled with gasoline of density 740 kg/m 3 as shown in
Fig.1.The tank is rotated about its vertical axis at 70 rpm. Determine: (a) The pressures difference
between the centers of the bottom and top surfaces, and (b) The pressures difference between the
center and the edge of the bottom surface. (c) Comment on the values in (a) and (b).

D = 1.20 m
h=3m

0 r
Fig.1

Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container
always acts as a rigid body. 2 Gasoline is an incompressible substance.
Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid rotating
 2
in rigid body motion is given by: P2  P1  (r22  r12 )  g ( z 2  z1 )
2
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Date: 5 Nov. 2009 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2009/2010

Quiz 2

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

Q: A tank is being filled with water by two one dimensional inlets as shown. Air is trapped at the top
of the tank. The height of water is h. Find an expression for the change in water height dh/dt in
terms of the flow rates at the inlets Q1, Q2 and the tank area At. The rate of change of air mass in
the tank is zero as the air is trapped at the top.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Date: 22 Nov. 2009 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2009/2010

Quiz 3

Student Name and No.: _______________________________________________________

Q:
The system in the figure consists of 1200 m of 5 cm cast-iron pipe, two 45° and four 90° flanged
long-radius elbows, a fully open flanged globe valve, and a sharp exit into a reservoir. If the
elevation at point 1 is 400 m, what gage pressure is required at point 1 to deliver 0.005 m 3/s of water
at 20°C into the reservoir?
For water at 20°C, take ρ = 998 kg/m3 and μ = 0.001 kg/m⋅s. For cast iron, take ε ≈ 0.26 mm.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2009/2010 Date: 24/12/2009

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A flow through a converging nozzle is shown in Fig.1. The flow is governed by the following
velocity profile:
u = Vo (1+2X/L); υ = 0; w = 0
(a) Find an expression for the fluid acceleration in the nozzle
(b) Find the acceleration at inlet and exit of the nozzle when Vo = 3 m/s and L = 0.15 m.

Fig.1

Q2: A reducing elbow is used to deflect water flow at a rate of 14 kg/s in a horizontal pipe upward
30o while accelerating it as shown in Fig.2. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere.
The cross sectional area of the elbow is 113 cm 2 at inlet and 7 cm2 at outlet. The elevation
difference between the centers of the outlet and inlet is 30 cm. The frictional losses, weight of
the elbow and the water in it are considered to be negligible. Determine:
(a) The gauge pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow
(b) The horizontal component of the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place.
[Take ρw = 103 kg/m3]

Fig.2
Department of Mechanical Engineering
 University of Bahrain
College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1

Answer all questions

Q1: A converging-diverging nozzle has a throat diameter of 5 cm and an exit

diameter of 10 cm. The reservoir is the laboratory, maintained at atmospheric
conditions of 293 K and 90 kPa absolute. Air is constantly pumped from a
receiver so that a normal shock wave stands across the exit plane of the nozzle.
Draw an isometric view of the flow showing position of the shock and
Determine:
a. The receiver pressure
b. The mass flux
Assume isentropic flow from the reservoir, to the throat, to the exit plane in
front of the normal shock wave at state 1. Supersonic flow occurs downstream
of the throat making the throat the critical area.

Q2: A liquid with specific gravity of 0.68 is pumped from a storage tank to a
free jet discharge through a pipe of length L and diameter D as shown in Fig.1.
The pipe provides a known amount of fluid power Wf to the liquid. Assuming a
constant friction factor f = 0.015, Z1 = 24 m, P1 = 110 kPa, Z2 = 18 m, L = 450
m, D = 300 mm and Wf = 10 kW. Show that the discharge equation is given by
the following relationship: 22.4 + 1.5/Q -293.55 Q2 = 0
(Take w = 9.8 kN/m3)

Fig.1

Q3: A steady two-dimensional, incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with

the velocity field u = -2 x y v = y2 – x2 and w = 0
Take z- coordinate up.
 (a) Does the flow satisfy conservation of mass.
(b) Find the total pressure gradient P(x,y)

Q4: In Fig.2, the mass of the control volume is constant. Calculate the exit
velocity V3. (ρw = 103 kg/m3).

Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2009/2010

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A U-tube in Fig.1 is rotated about its right leg at 95 r.p.m. what will be the level h in
the left leg if L = 18 cm and D = 5mm? Also calculate the pressure at the bottom of
the left leg. Take the coordinates (r,z) at the minimum point in the right leg. (ρw = 103
kg/m3 and  = 2N/60 rad/s)
 Fig.1
Q2:
Water at 10 oC flows from a large reservoir to a smaller one through a 5-cm diameter
cast iron piping system as shown in Fig.2. Determine the elevation Z1 for a flow rate
of 6 L/s. (ρw = 103 kg/m3, μw = 1.307 x 10-3 kg/m.s)

Fig.2
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2

Course: Fluid Mechanics; MEG333 1 Semester 2; 2009/2010; Date: 26 April

2010

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A flow through a converging nozzle is shown in the figure. The flow is governed by the
following velocity profile:
u = Vo (1+2X/L); υ = 0; w = 0
(a) Find an expression for the fluid acceleration in the nozzle
(b) Find the acceleration at inlet and exit of the nozzle when Vo = 3 m/s and L = 0.15 m.

Q2: Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at a rate of 0.2 m3/s and at a velocity of 5 m/s, and
leaves to atmosphere at an angle of 60o from the axial direction. The discharge flow area is half the
inlet flow area. Find the force acting on the shaft in the axial direction.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The forces acting on the piping
system in the horizontal direction are negligible. 3 The atmospheric pressure is disregarded since
it acts on all surfaces. 4 Water flow is nearly uniform at the outlet and thus the momentum-flux
correction factor can be taken to be unity,   1.
Properties: Take the density of water to be 1000
kg/m3.
z
x 60 

m V
n FRx
Q3: Water at a velocity of 7 m/s exits stationary nozzle with D = 4 cm and is directed toward a turning
vane with  = 40˚, assume steady-state.
Determine:
(a) Velocity and flow rate entering the c.v.
(b) Velocity and flow rate leaving the c.v.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Test3
Course: Fluid Mechanics; MEG333 1 Semester 2; 2009/2010
Date: 30 May, 2010 Test Time: 50 minutes
Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A 4-m by 5-m wide long flat plate is shown in Fig.1. For a stream air flow velocity
of U = 5 m/s, calculate; the boundary layer thickness,  at the end of the plate and
the drag force, FD on one side of the plate by accounting for the laminar portion of
the plate. (Recrit = 5 E+05, νair = 1.6 E-05 m2/s, ρair = 1.16 kg/m3) - {FD = CD ½ ρ U2
A; CD  0.031/ReL1/7 - 1440/ReL for combined laminar/turbulent flow}.
[13 marks]
 Fig.1

Q2:
The velocity distribution in a 2-cm diameter pipe shown in Fig.2 is given by; u(r) = 10
(1 – 10000 r2) m/s. Find the equation of the dissipation function, and plot this
function from pipe center to the wall. (μair = 1.8 E-05 kg/m.s)
[7 marks]
rr
r u(r)
z

Fig.2
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Final Examination; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 2; 2009/2010
_____________________________________________________________________

Answer all questions:

Q1:
Water enters a two-armed lawn sprinkler along the vertical axis at a rate of 0.06 m3/s, and leaves the
sprinkler nozzles as 2-cm diameter jets at an angle of  from the tangential direction, as shown in
Fig.1. The length of each sprinkler arm is 0.45 m. Disregarding any frictional effects and air drag,
determine the rate of rotation  of the sprinkler in rev/min for (a)  = 0o and (b)  = 30o.

Fig.1
Q2:
Water at 15 oC is to be discharged from a tank at a rate of 0.018 m3/s using two horizontal cast iron
pipes connected in series and a pump between them as shown in Fig.2. Pertinent data for the system
is shown on the figure. The pipe entrance is sharp edged, and losses associated with the connection
of the pump are negligible. Neglecting the effect of the kinetic energy correction factor, determine:
(a) The required pumping head.
(b) The minimum pumping power to maintain the indicated flow rate.
(ρw = 999.1 kg/m3, μw = 1.138 x 10-3 kg/m.s, for sharped edge connection, KL =0.5 and pipes
rougness,  = 0.00026 m, and =1)

Fig.2

Q3:
Consider the following steady, two dimensional, incompressible velocity field: V = - ax2 i + 2axy j,
where a is a constant. Show that the velocity field is a smooth function of the Navier-Stokes
equations and determine the pressure as a function of x and y.

Q4:
Nitrogen (k = 1.4) enters a duct with varying flow area at T1 = 400K, P1 = 100 kPa, and Ma1 = 0.3.
At section 2, the flow area is 20% less than that at section 1 as shown in Fig.3 Assuming steady
isentropic flow. Determine:
(a) The Mach no. at section 2, Ma2
(b) The pressure at section 2, P2

Fig.3
 ____________________________________END_____________________________

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Quizz1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2010/2011

Student Name and I.D.:

The average flow velocity in a pipe is 1.2 m/s. Determine:

1. The pressure drop, and
2. The head loss.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are negligible, and
thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no components such as bends, valves, and
connectors. 4 The piping section involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  = 999.7 kg/m3 and  =
1.30710-3 kg/ms, respectively.

Water
D = 0.2 cm 1.2 m/s

L = 15 m

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Quizz2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333 1; Semester 1; 2010/2011

Student Name and I.D.:

The velocity components of a steady, incompressible, three dimensional flow field are
known, namely; u = ax2 + by2 + cz2 and w = axz + byz2, where a, b, and c are
constants. The y velocity component (v) is missing. Find an expression for v as a
function of x, y, and z.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test1

Course: Fluid Mechanics; MEG333 1 Semester 1; 2010/2011

Date: 2 Nov., 2010 Test Time: 50 minutes

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A water jet is deflected at 60o by a fixed vane as shown in Fig.1. The incoming jet has a speed of
30 m/s and a diameter of 0.03 m. Calculate:
1. The force components in the x and y directions exerted by the jet on the vane
2. The inclination of the resultant force on the x-direction
3. Comment on your results.
Neglect viscous and gravitational effects and let ρw = 103 kg/m3.

Fig.1
Q2:
Oil flows from an upper reservoir to a lower one at a rate of 0.028 m3/s in the 15 cm smooth pip
shown in Fig.2. Determine the elevation of the oil surface in the upper reservoir.
( oil = 4 E-05 m2/s, ρoil = 900 kg/m3).

Fig.2
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Quizz3; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333/MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2010/2011

Student Name and I.D.:

Q: Air at 20 oC flows at V = 10 m/s over a smooth flat plate of length L = 1.52 m as shown.
Compare:
(a) The boundary layer values at X = L for both laminar and turbulent velocity profiles.
(b) The local skin friction coefficients for the two cases at X = L.
(c) Plot and compare the growth of laminar and turbulent boundary layers.
[Take νair = 1.516 E-5 m2/s at 20 oC].

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering

Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333/MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2010/2011

Student Name and I.D.:

Q1:
(a) Consider the two bodies of non-aerodynamic (cylinder) and aerodynamic (aerofoil) shapes
shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1
For the two bodies comment and compare between the following:
1. Pressure drag and skin friction drag
2. Boundary layer separation.

(b) An automotive engine shown in Fig.2 can be considered as a 0.4-m high, 0.6-m wide, and
0.7-m long rectangular block. Determine the drag force on the bottom surface of the engine
block as the car travels at a velocity of 85 km/h. Assume that the flow to be steady,
incompressible, and turbulent on the entire engine block bottom surface.
(ρair = 1.225 kg/m3, νair = 1.47 E-5 m2/s).

Fig.2

Q2:
A two-dimensional incompressible flow field is defined by the velocity components:
u = 2V(x/L – y/L); υ = - 2V y/L; where V and L are constants.
Show that a stream function Ψ exists, and find this function. Plot this function in the first quadrant.
Comment on the flow characteristics.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Quizz 4; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333/MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2010/2011

Student Name and I.D.:

The test section of a supersonic wind tunnel using air has an area ratio of 9. The absolute total
pressure and temperature (stagnation) are 4 MPa and 350 K. Find the Mach number, pressure,
temperature, and velocity at test section. (kair = 1.4, Rair = 287 J/kg K)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Final Examination; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333/MENG334; Semester 1; 2010/2011
_____________________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions:

Q1: A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:

V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2). Calculate:

1. The accelerations ax and ay

2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient dT/dt at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T = (x2 +y2) Tw; where Tw is
the wall temperature.

Q2:
An air flow is expanded isentropically in a nozzle from Ma1 = 0.3, A1 = 0.1 m2 at section 1
to Ma2 = 3 at section 2. Determine:

(a) The minimum area of the nozzle

(b) The area at section 2, A2
(c) The pressure ratio, P2/P

Q3:
A smooth rectangular plate 1.2 m wide by 24.4 m long moves through 20 oC water in the
direction of its length. The drag force on the plate (two sides) is 8 kN. Find:

(a) The velocity of the plate

(b) The thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge, and
(c) The length xcrit.of the laminar boundary layer if laminar conditions occur at the
leading edge. Also calculate the percentage of laminar flow over the entire length of the
plate.
{Assume Cd = 0.002; Re,crit = 5x105; and ρw = 1000 kg/m3; νw = 10-6 Ns/m2}

Q4:
 Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at a rate of 0.2 m3/s and at a velocity of 5 m/s, and
leaves to atmosphere at an angle of 60o from the axial direction. The discharge flow area is
half (1/2) the inlet flow area. Find the force acting on the shaft in the axial direction.
Assumptions:1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The forces acting on the piping
system in the horizontal direction are negligible. 3 The atmospheric pressure is disregarded
since it acts on all surfaces. 4 Water flow is nearly uniform at the outlet and thus the
momentum-flux correction factor can be taken to be unity,   1. Properties: Take the
density of water to be1000 kg/m3.

x
60

m V

FRx
n

_______________________________END________________________

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333/MENG334; Semester 2; 2010/2011
 ___________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
An oil of density 820 kg/m3 is pumped between two storage tanks in a pipe with the
following characteristics: L = 2440 m, D = 0.2 m, f = 0.02, ∑K = 12.5. The upper
tank is 32 m higher than the lower tank. Using the data shown below, determine:
(a) The oil flow rate, Q in the pipe in m3/s
(b) The power requirement for the pump, Wp in kW (Wp = ρ g Q hp)
The experimental data with the pump output head hp is: hp = 51 + 1.2 V2
(assume the pump efficiency to be 0.7)

Tank
2
Tank
1

Q2:
A 16 cm open cylinder 27 cm high is full of water. Calculate the rigid body rotation
rate about its central axis in r/min, for which:
(a) one third of water will spill out, and
(b) the bottom will be barely exposed.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1 - MEG333 1; Semester 2;

2010/2011
Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
(a) Consider two rigid bodies having the same mass and angular speed. Will the
two bodies have the same angular momentum? Explain. (3 marks)
(b) Water enters vertically and steadily at a rate of 35 L/s into a sprinkler shown in
Fig.1 with equal arms and unequal discharge areas. The smaller arm jet has a
discharge area of 3 cm2 and a distance of 50 cm from the axis of rotation. The
larger jet has a discharge area of 5 cm2 and a distance of 35 cm from the axis of
rotation. Neglect frictional effects, determine;
1. The rotational speed of the sprinkler in rpm and (4 marks)
2. The torque required to prevent the sprinkler from rotating. (6 marks)

Fig.1

Q2:
The u velocity component of a steady, two dimensional, incompressible flow field
is u = 3ax2 – 2bxy, where a and b are constants. Velocity component v is unknown.
Generate an expression for v as a function of x and y. (7 marks)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Final Examination; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MEG333/MENG334
Semester 2; 2010/2011
___________________________________________________________
 Answer the following questions:

Q1: A cylindrical tank of liquid water (w = 103 kg/m3) shown in Fig. 1 is rotating
as a solid body at a rate of 4 rad/s. The tank diameter is 0.5 m. The line AA
depicts the liquid surface before rotation, and line A’A’ shows the surface
profile after rotation has been established. Find:
1. The elevation difference between the liquid at the center and the wall during
rotation (z2-z1).
2. The pressure at point A, PA during rotation.
[Pressure variation in a rotating, incompressible flow using Euler’s equation in the
direction normal to the streamlines and outward from the center of rotation is
given by: p + z - r22 = C ].

Fig.1

Q2: A flying blunt body shown in Fig.2 generates a normal shock at Mach number
of 1.5 as shown. Determine, the change in entropy across the shock and
comment on your result. (Rair = 287 j/kg K, k = 1.4)
Entropy change across Normal Shock Wave is; S = R ln [(p1/p2) (T2/T1)k/(k-1)]

Fig.2

Q3: A pipe 50 cm in diameter carries water at a rate of 0.5 m3/s as shown in Fig. 3.
A pump in the pipe is used to move the water from an elevation of 30 m to 40
m. The pressure at section 1 is 70 kPa gauge and the pressure at section 2 is 350
kPa gauge. Find the power in kW that must be applied to the flow by the pump.
Assuming the motor efficiency is 93%, calculate the pump input power.
Take hL = 3m of water and 1 = 2 = 1. (Pump power equation, P =  Q hp)
 Fig. 3

Q4: Fig. 4 shows air flowing through a nozzle. The inlet pressure is P 1 = 105 kPa
abs, and the air exhausts into the atmosphere, where the pressure is 101.3 kPa
abs. The nozzle has an inlet diameter of 60 mm and an outlet diameter of 10
mm, and the nozzle is connected to the supply pipe by flanges. Find:
1. The air speed at the exit of the nozzle
2. The force required to hold the nozzle stationary.
Assume the air has a constant density of 1.22 kg/m3. Neglect the weight of the
nozzle.

Fig. 4

University of Bahrain
College of Engineering
Examination Committee
Final Examination Semester: 2 Years: 2010/2011
Course Number: MENG334 1 / MEG333 1
Course Title: Fluid Mechanics
 No. of Question Scripts Inside this Cover: 11

Duration: 2 Hr. Time: 08:30—10:30

Day & Date: Wed. 23/7/2011 Room: 14-167

Invigilators: Examiner:
1. Dr.Mohamed Nabhan
1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan
2. Dr. Mohamed Abu-Aesh 2. -----------------------------------

3. --------------------------------------- 3. -------------------------------------

4. --------------------------------------- 4. -------------------------------------

5. --------------------------------------- 5. -------------------------------------

6. --------------------------------------- 6. ------------------------------------

7. ----------------------------------------

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test 1; Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2010/2011

Date: 29/11/2011

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions

Q1: A rectangular water tank open to the atmosphere is accelerated to the right on a level surface at
a specified rate. The maximum pressure in the tank above the atmospheric level is to be determined.
Pertinent data are shown in the diagram.
Vent

1.5 m

h0 =2.5 m Water tank ax = 2 m/s2

L =5 m
Q2: Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at a rate of 0.2 m3/s and at a velocity of 5 m/s, and
leaves to atmosphere at an angle of 60o from the axial direction. The discharge flow area is half the
inlet flow area. Find the force acting on the shaft in the axial direction.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The forces acting on the piping system in
the horizontal direction are negligible. 3 The atmospheric pressure is disregarded since it acts on all
surfaces. 4 Water flow is nearly uniform at the outlet and thus the momentum-flux correction factor
can be taken to be unity,   1.
z
Properties: Take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3.
x 60 

m V
n FRx

Q3: The average flow velocity in a pipe is 1.2 m/s. Determine: 1.The pressure drop, 2.The head loss,
and 3.The pumping power required to overcome the pressure drop.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are negligible, and
thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no components such as bends, valves, and
connectors. 4 The piping section involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  = 999.7 kg/m3 and  =
1.30710-3 kg/ms, respectively.

D = 0.2 cm Water

V= 1.2 m/s
Department of Mechanical Engineering
L =College
15 m of Engineering
Makeup test
Test 1 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 1; 2010/2011
Date: 8/12/2011

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions

Q1: An 80 cm tank of cross section 2m x 0.6 m is initially filled with water and placed on the
back of a truck as shown in Fig.1. The truck accelerates from 0 to 90 km/h in 10 seconds. It is
desired that no water is spilled during transportation, determine:
1. The allowable initial water height in the tank
2. Would you recommend the tank to be aligned with the long or short side parallel to the
direction of motion?

Fig.1

Q2: Water is accelerated by a nozzle to an average speed of 20 m/s, and strikes a stationary
vertical plate as shown in Fig.2 at a rate of 10 kg/s with a normal velocity of 20 m/s. After the
strike, the water stream splatters off in all directions in the plane of the plate. Determine the
force needed to prevent the plate from moving horizontally due to the water stream.

Fig.2

Q3: Heated air is transported in a 150 m long circular plastic duct as shown in Fig.3 at a rate
of 0.35m3/s. If the head loss in the pipe is not to exceed 20 m, calculate the minimum diameter
of the duct. Assume the following:
1. Steady and incompressible flow
2. Fully developed flow
3. No minor losses
4. Air is an ideal gas
5. The duct is smooth since it is made from plastic material
6. Air data: density, a = 1.145 kg/m3, dynamic viscosity, a = 1.895 x 10-5 kg/m.s, kinematic
viscosity, a = 1.655 x 10-5 m2/s, friction factor, f = 0.018.
 Fig.3

Simulation Project Using Fluent Code

Course: Fluid Mechanics (MENG 334) Sem. 1 2010/2011 Date: 1 st. Dec.
2011

Problem

Consider a flow of air over an infinite thin plate with a length of 1 m. The fluid is
flowing in the X-direction with a velocity of 1 m/s where Re = 1 e+04.
 Using Fluent simulate the main flow conditions on the plate and calculate the drag
coefficient.

V = 1 m/s

Contours/velocity vectors required:

1. Velocity magnitude
2. Skin friction coefficient
3. Pressure coefficient

Submit your work by end of December, 2011.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Test 2 Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 1; 2010/2011

Date: Tuesday 3/01/2012

Student Name and No.:

_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions

 Q1: The velocity field for the steady incompressible flow is given by the
following equation: V = Ax i– Ay j, with A = 0.3 s-1. Determine:
1. The stream function that will yield this velocity profile.
2. Plot and interpret the streamline pattern in the first quadrant.
3. Calculate the volume flow rate between streamlines 2 =0.3 m3/s and 1 the
stream line through the origin.

Q2: Two dimensional, steady, and incompressible velocity field is given by: V =
(u,v) = -ax2 i + 2axy j, where a is a constant. Determine: the pressure as a function
of x and y. Neglect gravity in the x and y directions.

University of Bahrain

College of Engineering

Examination Committee

Final Examination Semester:1 Years: 2011/2012

 Course Number: MENG334 1 Course Title: Fluid Mechanics

No. of Question Scripts Inside this Cover: 11

Duration: 2 Hr. Time: 08:30—10:30

Day & Date: Tuesday 17/01/2012 Room: 14-245

Invigilators: Examiner:

1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan 1. 1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan

2. 2.

Final Examination
Semester 1; 2011/2012

Course Title: Fluid Mechanics

Course Number: MENG334 1

Student Name and I.D:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
Fig. 1 shows a vane with a turning angle of 60o. The vane moves with constant speed, U = 10
m/s, and receives a jet of water that leaves a stationary nozzle with speed, V = 60 m/s. The
nozzle has an exit area of 0.003 m2. For w = 103 kg/m3, and neglect vane weight; determine:
1. The force components in the X and Y directions
2. The resultant force and its inclination to the horizontal
3. Comment on the direction of the resultant force

Fig.1

Q2:
The velocity profile for laminar flow between two plates, as shown in Fig.2 is given by;
u = 4 U y (h-y)/h2 v = w = 0; where U = max. velocity
If the wall temperature is Tw at both walls, use the incompressible-flow energy equation to
solve for the temperature distribution T(y) between the walls for steady flow.
 Fig.2

Q3:
Crude oil flows through a pipe section of the Bahrain oil pipeline at a rate of Q’ = 2.944 m3/s.
The pipe inside diameter is 1 m, and its roughness is 0.00015 m. The maximum and minimum
pressures in the pipeline are 8270 kPa and 344.5 kPa as shown in Fig.3. The crude oil has a
specific gravity, S = 0.93 and the oil viscosity at the pumping temperature is,  = 0.01 kg/m.s.
Determine:
1.The maximum spacing between the pumping stations, L
2.The power that must be supplied at each pumping station, if the pump efficiency is  = 85
%. [S = o/w; w = 103 kg/m3; W’pump = Q’ Ppump;  = W’pump/ W’in]
Assumptions
(a) 1 V12 = 2 V22
(b) Z1 = Z2, horizontal pipe
(c) Neglect minor losses
(d)  = constant

Fig.3
Q4:
Air flow is induced in an insulated tube (adiabatic flow) of 7.16 mm diameter by a vacuum
pump. The air is drawn from a tank where p o = 101 kPa (abs), and To = 23 oC, through a
smoothly contoured converging nozzle shown in Fig.4. At section 1, where the nozzle joins
the constant area tube, the static pressure is 98.5 kPa (abs). At section 2, the air temperature
is 14 oC. Determine:
1. The mass flow rate through the tube
2. The velocity of air at section 2
3. Comment on the velocity values along the tube.
(R = 287 j/kg.K; k = 1.4)

Fig.4

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 2; 2011/2012
Date: 25/03/2012

Test 1

Student Name and No.:

______________________________________________________________________

Q1:
Water at 10 oC flows from a large reservoir to a smaller one through a 5-cm diameter cast iron
piping system as shown in Fig.1 Determine the elevation Z1 for a flow rate of 6 L/s. (ρw = 103
kg/m3, μw = 1.307 x 10-3 kg/m.s).
 Fig.1
Q2:
A water jet strikes a rectangular block through a cavity, as shown in Fig.2, and deflected back
at an angle of 45° from the horizontal. If the block does not move, determine the friction force
between the block and the floor.

Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 2; 2011/2012
Date: 01/04/2012

Assignment 2

A massive, precisely machined, 1.8 m diameter granite sphere rests upon a 1.2 m diameter
cylindrical pedestal as shown. When the pump is turned on and the water pressure within
the pedestal reaches 55 kPa, the sphere rises off the pedestal, creating a 1.3 x 10 -2 cm gap
through which the water flows. The sphere can then be rotated about any axis with minimal
friction. Assume the flow in the gap between the sphere and pedestal is viscous flow
 between fixed parallel plates, calculate the pump flow rate Qo, and explain what would
happen when the flow rate is increased to 2Qo. Make the necessary assumptions if
required.

Submit this work by end of April 2012.

Course Instructor: Dr. Mohamed Nabhan

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 2; 2011/2012
Test 2
Date: Tuesday 17/05/2012

Student Name and No.:

________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A flow through a converging nozzle is shown in the figure. The flow is governed by the following
velocity profile:
u = Vo (1+2X/L); υ = 0; w = 0

(a) Find an expression for the fluid acceleration in the nozzle

(b) Find the acceleration at inlet and exit of the nozzle when Vo = 3 m/s and L = 0.15 m.

Q2:
A two-dimensional incompressible flow field is defined by the velocity components:

u = 2V(x/L – y/L); υ = - 2V y/L; where V and L are constants.

Show that a stream function Ψ exists, and find this function. Plot this function in the first quadrant.
Comment on the flow characteristics.

Q3:
A smooth rectangular plate 1.2 m wide by 24.4 m long moves through 20 oC water in the direction of
its length. The drag force on the plate (two sides) is 8 kN. Find:
(a) The velocity of the plate
(b) The thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge, and
(c) The length xcrit.of the laminar boundary layer if laminar conditions occur at the leading edge.
Also calculate the percentage of laminar flow over the entire length of the plate.
{Assume Cd = 0.002; Re,crit = 5x105; and ρw = 1000 kg/m3; νw = 10-6 Ns/m2}

University of Bahrain

College of Engineering
 Examination Committee

Final Examination--------------- Semester 2--------------- 2011/2012

Course Number: MENG334 1 Course Title: Fluid Mechanics

No. of Question Scripts Inside this Cover: 23

Duration: 2 Hr. Time: 13:30—15:30

Day & Date: Tuesday 12/06/2012 Room: 14-245

Invigilators: Examiner:

1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan 3. 1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan

2. Mr. A. Rahman Juma

Final Examination
Semester 2-2011/2012 Date: 12/6/2012

Course Title: Fluid Mechanics--------------------------------------------------Course Number: MENG334 1

Student Name and I.D:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-
Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A 1 m-diameter pipe bend is shown in Fig.1 is carrying crude oil with specific gravity (S.G = 0.94)
with a steady flow rate of 2 m3/s. the bend has an angle of 30o and lies in a horizontal plane. The
volume of oil in the bend is 1.2 m3, and the empty weight of the bend is 4 kN. Assume the pressure
along the centerline of the bend is constant with a value of 75 kPa gage. Find the net force required
to hold the bend in place.
(w = 103 kg/m3)

Fig.1

Q2:
A small hydroelectric power plant takes a discharge (volume flow rate) of 14.1 m 3/s through an
elevation drop of 61 m as depicted in Fig.2. The head loss through the intakes, penstock, and outlet
is 1.5 m. The combined efficiency of the turbine and electrical generator is 87%. Calculate:
1. Turbine head in m
2. Power output from the generator in MW.
(w = 9.81 kN/m3)
 Fig.2

Q3:
Air flows over a smooth, flat plate with a velocity of 30 m/s as shown in Fig.3. The initial boundary
layer is laminar and then becomes turbulent at a transitional Reynolds number of 5 x 10 5. The plate
is 3 m long and 1 m wide. Calculate:
1. The average combined drag coefficient CD for the plate
2. The wall shear force FD on one side of the plate
3. The % laminar region length over the plate, and
 4. Laminar shear force, Fslam and turbulent shear force, Fsturb.
(air = 1.2 kg/m3, air = 1.51 E-05)

Fig.3

Q4:
A supersonic wind tunnel with a square test section 15 cm by 15 cm is being designed to operate at
a Mach number of 3 using air as shown in Fig.4. The static temperature and pressure in the test
section are --20 oC and 50 kPa absolute, respectively. Calculate the air mass flow rate in the test
section. (K=1.4, R = 287 j/kg.K)
 Fig.4

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test 1
 Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2012/2013

Date: 18 Oct.2012
Name and
I.D:_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions:

Q1: A U-tube filled with water shown in the figure is rotated about the right leg at 10 rad/s. Find the
pressures at corners A and C. Take L = 40 cm; ρw = 103 kg/m3.

z
Ω=10 rad/s
r
A

L L

C
1.5 L

Q2: The average flow velocity in a pipe is 1.2 m/s. Determine:

1. The pressure drop, and
2. The head loss.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are negligible, and
thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no components such as bends, valves, and
connectors. 4 The piping section involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  = 999.7 kg/m3 and  =
1.30710-3 kg/ms, respectively.

Water
D = 0.2 cm
1.2 m/s

L = 15 m
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Reset for Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334; Semester 1; 2012/2013

Date: 23 Oct. 2012

Name and
I.D:_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions:

Q1: Air flows at a rate of 2.5 m3/s in a horizontal commercial steel duct. Determine:
1. The pressure drop per 50 m of duct length.
2. Power required to overcome losses in the duct.
Fig.1 shows duct dimensions.
{air = 1.2 kg/m3, air = 15.1 x 10-6 m2/s, pipe roughness e = 0.046 mm).

Fig.1

Q2: An 80 cm tank of cross section 2m x 0.6 m is initially filled with water and placed on the
back of a truck as shown in Fig.2. The truck accelerates from 0 to 90 km/h in 10 seconds. It is
desired that no water is spilled during transportation, determine:
1. The allowable initial water height in the tank
2. Would you recommend the tank to be aligned with the long or short side parallel to the
direction of motion?
 Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2012/2013

 Date: 20 Dec. 2012
Name and
I.D:_____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A small lawn sprinkler is shown in Fig.1. At inlet the gauge pressure is 20 kPa, and the total volume
flow rate is 7.5 liters per minute, and it rotates at 30 rpm. The diameter of each jet is 4 mm. Other
data are shown on the figure. Estimate:
1. The jet speed relative to each sprinkler nozzle, Vj.
2. The friction torque at the sprinkler pivot, Tf.
(w = 999 kg/m3)
Fig.1

Fig.1

Q2:
A velocity field is represented by the expression V = (Ax – B) i + C y j, where A = 0.2 s-1, B = 4 m.s-1,
and the coordinates are measured in meters. Determine the proper value of C if the flow is to be
incompressible. Also find the stream function,  if it exists and plot few streamlines in the 1st
quadrant showing their directions.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2012/2013

 Date: 20 Dec. 2012
Name and
I.D:___________________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A lawn sprinkler with four (4) arms is converted into a turbine to generate electric power by
attaching a generator to its rotating head as shown in Fig.1. Water enters the sprinkler from the
base along the axis of rotation at a rate of 20 liters per second and leaves the nozzles in the
tangential direction. The sprinkler rotates at 300 rpm in a horizontal plane. The diameter of each
jet is 1 cm, and the normal distance between the axis of rotation and the center of each nozzle is
0.6 m. Estimate the electric power generated. (w = 1 kg/L)

Fig.1

Q2:
A steady, two dimensional velocity field is given by V = Ax i – Ay j, where A = 1 s-1. Show that the
streamlines for this flow are rectangular hyperbolas, x y = C. Plot streamlines that correspond to C =
0 and 1 m2 and show the direction of the flow in the 1st quadrant.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Reset Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2012/2013

Date: 26 Dec. 2012

Name and
I.D:____________________________________________________________
_____

Answer the following questions

Q1:
(a) Consider two rigid bodies having the same mass and angular speed. Will
the two bodies have the same angular momentum? Explain. (3 marks)
(b) Water enters vertically and steadily at a rate of 35 L/s into a sprinkler
shown in Fig.1 with unequal arms and unequal discharge areas. The
smaller arm jet has a discharge area of 3 cm2 and a distance of 50 cm
from the axis of rotation. The larger jet has a discharge area of 5 cm2
and a distance of 35 cm from the axis of rotation. Neglect frictional
effects, determine;
(1) The rotational speed of the sprinkler in rpm and (4 marks)
(2) The torque required to prevent the sprinkler from rotating. (6
marks)

Fig.1
Q2:
A smooth rectangular plate 1.2 m wide by 24.4 m long moves through 20 oC
water in the direction of its length. The drag force on the plate (two sides) is 8
kN. Find:
(a) The velocity of the plate
(b)The thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge, and
(c) The length xcrit. of the laminar boundary layer if laminar conditions occur at
the leading edge. Also calculate the percentage of laminar flow over the
entire length of the plate.
{Assume Cd = 0.002; Re,crit = 5x105; and ρw = 1000 kg/m3; w = 10-6 Ns/m2}
University of Bahrain

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Examination Committee

Final Examination--------------- Semester 1---------------

2012/2013

Course Number: MENG334 1&2 Course Title: Fluid Mechanics

No. of Question Scripts Inside this Cover: 32

Duration: 2 Hr. Time: 8:30—10:30

Day & Date: Tuesday 8/01/2013 Room: 14-242-239

Invigilators: Examiner:

1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan 4. 1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan

2. Mr. J. Mohamed
3. Mr. E.Hassan
4. Mr. E. Nasr
 Notes:
 Answer all questions
 Questions carry equal marks

Q1: A uniform flow approaches a cylinder as shown in Fig.1. The velocity

distribution at downstream in the wake region of the cylinder is:

u(y) = 1.25 + y2/4 - 1 y  1

Where u(y) is in m/s and y is in m. Determine the mass flux across the
surface AB per meter of depth. Use  = 1.23 kg/m3.

Fig.1

Q2: The flow rate through a 10 cm (4 inch) diameter wrought iron pipe shown
in Fig.2 is 0.04 m3/s. Determine the difference in elevation of the two
tanks. Required data are shown in the figure and the relevant tables and
charts attached. (w = 103 kg/m3, w = 10-6 m2/s)
 Sharp Edged Entrance
Fig.2

Q3: A sharp edged 4 m long and 5 m wide flat plate encounters a free-stream
velocity of 5 m/s upstream as shown in Fig.3. Calculate:
(a) The boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge.
(b) Compute the drag force on one side of the plate:
1. Neglect the laminar portion of the plate, and
2. Account for the laminar portion using Recrit = 5 x 105
(air = 1.6 x 10-5 m2/s, air = 1.16 kg/m3)

Fig.3
Q4: A pitot probe is used to measure the stagnation pressure in a flow as
shown in Fig.4. The tube is inserted in the air stream and measures 300 kPa
absolute. The static pressure in the flow is 75 kPa absolute. If the temperature
at the stagnation point of the probe is measured as 150 oC. Determine the free
stream velocity V.

Fig.4
Q5:
A velocity field is represented by the expression V = (Ax – B) i + C y j, where A
= 0.2 s-1, B = 4 m.s-1, and the coordinates are measured in meters.
Determine the proper value of C if the flow is to be incompressible. Also find
the stream function,  if it exists. Plot streamline =1 in the first quadrant
for 20  x  100 and show its direction.
 Reset Final Examination
Semester 1-2012/2013 Date:
09/01/2013

Course Title: Fluid Mechanics-----------------------------Course Number: MENG334 1

Student Name and I.D:--------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A 1 m-diameter pipe bend is shown in Fig.1 is carrying crude oil with specific
gravity (S.G = 0.94) with a steady flow rate of 2 m3/s. the bend has an angle
of 30o and lies in a horizontal plane. The volume of oil in the bend is 1.2 m3,
and the empty weight of the bend is 4 kN. Assume the pressure along the
centerline of the bend is constant with a value of 75 kPa gage. Find the net
force required to hold the bend in place.
(w = 103 kg/m3)

Fig.1
Q2:
A small hydroelectric power plant takes a discharge (volume flow rate) of 14.1
m3/s through an elevation drop of 61 m as depicted in Fig.2, the head loss
through the intakes, penstock, and outlet is 1.5 m. The combined efficiency of
the turbine and electrical generator is 87%. Calculate:
1. Turbine head in m
2. Power output from the generator in MW.
(w = 9.81 kN/m3)

Fig.2
Q3:
Air flows over a smooth, flat plate with a velocity of 30 m/s as shown in Fig.3.
The initial boundary layer is laminar and then becomes turbulent at a
transitional Reynolds number of 5 x 105. The plate is 3 m long and 1 m wide.
Calculate:
1. The average combined drag coefficient CD for the plate
2. The wall shear force FD on one side of the plate
3. The % laminar region length over the plate, and
4. Laminar shear force, Fslam and turbulent shear force, Fsturb.
(air = 1.2 kg/m3, air = 1.51 E-05)

Fig.3
Q4:
A supersonic wind tunnel with a square test section 15 cm by 15 cm is being
designed to operate at a Mach number of 3 using air as shown in Fig.4. The
static temperature and pressure in the test section are -20 oC and 50 kPa
absolute, respectively. Calculate the air mass flow rate in the test section. (R =
287 j/kg. K)

Fig.4

Q5:
A steady, two dimensional velocity field is given by V = Ax i – Ay j, where A = 1
s-1. Show that the streamlines for this flow are rectangular hyperbolas, x y = C.
Plot streamlines that correspond to C = 0 and 1 m2 and show the direction of
the flow in the 1st quadrant.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334; Semester 2; 2012/2013

Date: 28 March 2013

Name and I.D:____________________________________________________

Q1:
A siphon shown in Fig.1 is used to draw gas out of a car. The difference in pressure between
point 1 at the surface of gasoline in the tank and point 2 at the outlet of the tube causes the
liquid to flow from higher to lower elevation. Point 2 is located 0.75 m below point 1, and point
3 is located 2 m above point 1. The siphon diameter is 4 mm, and frictional head loss in the
siphon from points 1 to 3, h1-3 = 0.1 m and from points 2 to 3, h2-3 = 0.1 m. (ρgasoline = 750
kg/m3, take your reference line at point 2). Determine:

(a) The minimum time to withdraw 4 liters (1 L = 10-3 m3) of gasoline from the car tank to
the gas can.
(b) The pressure at point 3.

Fig.1
Q2: The flow rate through a 10 cm (4 inch) diameter wrought iron pipe shown in Fig.2 is 0.04
m3/s. Determine the difference in elevation of the two tanks. Required data are shown in the
figure and the relevant tables and charts attached. (w = 103 kg/m3, w = 10-6 m2/s)

Sharp Edged Entrance Fig.2

Q3: A rectangular water tank open to the atmosphere is accelerated to the right on a level surface
at a specified rate. The maximum pressure in the tank above the atmospheric level is to be
determined. Pertinent data are shown in the diagram.

Vent

1.5 m


h0 =2.5 m
Water tank ax = 2 m/s2

L =5 m
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Assignment

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG333 1; Semester 2; 2012/2013

A moving plate with velocity V is separated from a fixed plate as shown. The gap h is filled with fluid with
viscosity μ. The pressure gradient in the x-direction with respect to x is ∂p/∂x = ∆p/∆x. Using
Continuity and Navier Stokes equations, calculate:

(a) The velocity and pressure field

(b) Plot:
- The total velocity field for Poiseuille and Couette flow
- The velocity field for Poiseuille flow only
- The total velocity field for Couette flow only
- Comment on the different flows and state which flow is more practical.
Make the following assumptions:
1. The plates are infinite in the x and z-directions
2. The flow is steady, i.e. ∂/∂t = 0
3. The flow is parallel (y-component of V = 0)
4. The fluid is incompressible and Newtonian with constant properties and the flow is viscous (laminar).
5. Pressure p varies with respect to x linearly.
6. The velocity field is two dimensional, i.e. w = 0 and ∂/∂z of any velocity component is zero.
7. Gravity acts in the negative y-direction, i.e. gy = -g, gx = gz = 0
(When plotting take: ∂p/∂x = ∆p/∆x = 50 kPa/m, μ = 40 x 10-3 Ns/m2, ρ = 800 kg/m3, h = 2.5 cm, V = 1.5
m/s).

Moving Plate V
y
h Fluid μ, ρ
p1 p2
x
x1 Fixed Plate x2
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334; Semester 2; 2012/2013

Date: 16 May, 2013

Name and I.D:____________________________________________________

Answer any two from the following questions:

Q1:
A small lawn sprinkler is shown in Fig.1. At inlet the gauge pressure is 20 kPa, and
the total volume flow rate is 7.5 liters per minute, and it rotates at 30 rpm. The
diameter of each jet is 4 mm. Other data are shown on the figure. Estimate:
1. The jet speed relative to each sprinkler nozzle, Vj.
2. The friction torque at the sprinkler pivot, Tf.
(w = 999 kg/m3).

Fig.1
Q2:
A two-dimensional incompressible flow field is defined by the velocity components:
u = 2V(x/L – y/L); v = - 2V y/L; where V and L are constants.
Show that a stream function Ψ exists, and find this function. Plot this function in the first
quadrant. Is the flow irrotational.

Q3:
The velocity profile for laminar flow between two plates is: u = {4 Umax y (h - y)}/h2; v =
w = 0 as shown in Fig.2. The wall temperature is Tw at both walls. Using the
incompressible flow energy equation, calculate the temperature distribution T(y) between
the walls for steady flow conditions.

Fig.2
 University of Bahrain

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Final Examination--------------- Semester 2--------------- 2012/2013

Course Number: MENG334/MEG333; Course Title: Fluid Mechanics

Duration: 2 Hr. Time: 8:30—10:30

Day & Date: Tuesday 11/06/2013 Room: 14-242

Question Marks out of 10

Examiner: no.
Q1
5. 1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan
Q2

Q3

Q4

Total

Notes:
 Answer all questions
 Questions carry equal marks
Q1:
(a) The nozzle velocity in Fig.1 is given by ux = uo/ (1-0.5x/L) where; uo entrance
velocity, L= nozzle length. Given uo = 10 m/s, L = 0.5 m. Assume uniform velocity
across each section, calculate, the acceleration at x = 0.5 L.
{Acceleration: a = {(u u/s + u/t) et + (v2/r) en}

uo = 10 m/s ux u = 20 m/s

X
L

Fig.1

(b) The cylinder shown in Fig.2 is rotated about its centerline. Determine:
1. The rotational speed when the water just touches the origin at O.
Take R= 5.77 cm.
2. The pressure at point A in kPa at the base of the cylinder.
(Fluid in the cylinder is water with w =1000 kg/m3)

Fig.2
Q2:
The deflector shown in Fig.3 moves to the right at 3 m/s while the nozzle remains
stationary. The jet velocity is 8 m/s. Other pertinent data are shown in the figure.
Determine:
1. The force components needed to move the deflector.
2. The velocity, V2 as observed from a fixed observer, and
3. The power generated by the vane.
(w = 1000 kg/m3)

Fig.3
Q3:
A pump draws water from a reservoir as shown in Fig.4. The water surface elevation is
160 m, and the pump forces the water through a pipe 1525 m long and 0.3 m in
diameter. This pipe discharges the water into a reservoir with water surface elevation
is 190 m. The flow rate is 0.2 m3/s and the head loss in the pipe is given by; hL= 0.01
{L/D} {V2/2g}. Neglecting minor losses, determine:

1. Pump head in m.
2. Power in kW supplied to the flow.
(w =1000 kg/m3)

Fig.4

Q4:
The nozzle shown in Fig.5 has an expansion ratio of 4 (exit area/throat area). Air
flows through the nozzle isentropically, and a normal shock wave occurs where the
area ratio is 2. The total pressure upstream of the shock is 1 MPa, and the
stagnation temperature To = 400 K. Determine:
1. Mach no. at exit, Mae
2. Static temperature at exit, Te
{Critical area ratio: A*2/A*1= (Ma2/Ma1) [2+0.4Ma12/2+0.4Ma22]3;
Ae/At=Ae/A*e X A*e/A*2 X A*2/A*1 X A*1/At; Take k = 1.4 for air}.

12
 Fig.5

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2013/2014; Date:

5/11/2013

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions (questions carry equal marks):

Q1: A reducing elbow is used to deflect water flow at a rate of 14 kg/s in a horizontal pipe
upward 30o while accelerating it as shown in Fig.1. The elbow discharges water into
the atmosphere. The cross sectional area of the elbow is 113 cm2 at inlet and 7 cm2
at outlet. The elevation difference between the centers of the outlet and inlet is 30
cm. The frictional losses, weight of the elbow and the water in it are considered to be
negligible. Determine:
(a) The gauge pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow
(b) The horizontal component of the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place.
[Take ρw = 103 kg/m3]

Fig.1
Q2:
(a) The nozzle velocity in Fig.2 is given by ux = uo/ (1- 0.5x/L) where; uo entrance
velocity, L= nozzle length. Given uo = 10 m/s, L = 0.5 m. Assume uniform velocity
across each section, calculate, the acceleration at x = 0.5 L.
{Acceleration: a = {(u u/s + u/t) et + (v2/r) en}

uo = 10 m/s ux u = 20 m/s

X
L

Fig.2

(b) The cylinder shown in Fig.3 is rotated about its centerline. Determine:
1. The rotational speed when the water just touches the origin at O.
Take R= 5.77 cm.
2. The pressure at point A in kPa at the base of the cylinder.
(Fluid in the cylinder is water with w =1000 kg/m3)

Fig.3
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334; Semester 1; 2013/2014; Date:25/12/2013

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:
V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient dT/dt at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T = (x2 +y2) Tw where
Tw is the wall temperature.
Q2:
A smooth rectangular plate 1.2 m wide by 24.4 m long moves through 20 oC water in
the direction of its length. The drag force on the plate (two sides) is 8 kN. Find:
(a) The velocity of the plate
(b) The thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge, and
(c) The length xcrit.of the laminar boundary layer if laminar conditions occur at the
leading edge. Also calculate the percentage of laminar flow over the entire
length of the plate.
{Assume Cd = 0.002; Re,crit = 5x105; and ρw = 1000 kg/m3; νw = 10-6 Ns/m2}
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Test1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2014/2015; Date: 17/11/2014

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions (questions carry equal marks):

Q1: A decorative fountain with flow rate 0.05 m3/s of water having a velocity of 8 m/s is
deflected by an angled chute as shown in Fig.1. Determine the reactions on the chute in the x
and y directions, and the resultant force and its direction to the horizontal.

p.508 fig16.3 Robert Mott Fig.1

Q2: Water at 10 oC (w= 9.81 KN/m3) is flowing at a rate of 115 L/min through the fluid
motor shown in Fig.2. The pressure at A is 700 kPa and at B is 125 kPa. There is
energy loss due to friction in the piping of 4 N.m/N of water flowing.
(a) Calculate the power delivered to the fluid motor by the water.
(b) Calculate the power output, if the mechanical efficiency of the fluid is 85%.

P212 7.10 Robert Mott Fig.2

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Test1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2014/2015; Date: 17/11/2014

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions (questions carry equal marks):

Q1: Fig.1 shows a jet of water (w = 103 kg/m3) with a velocity v1 striking a vane that is
moving with velocity v0. If v1 = 20 m/s and v0 = 8 m/s, determine the forces exerted by
the vane on the water. The jet is 50 mm in diameter.

Fig.1

Fig.1 p.513 fig.16.9

Q2: Calculate the pressure drop across a fully open globe valve placed in a 4-in
Schedule 40 steel pipe carrying 0.0252 m3/s of oil as shown in Fig.2.
(1in=25.4 mm, s.goil = 0.87, w = 103 kg/m3, Kv = 5.78)

P.298 10.24 Fig.2

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Test1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2014/2015; Date: 26/11/2014

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions (questions carry equal marks):

Q1: Air flows at a rate of 2.5 m3/s in a horizontal commercial steel duct. Determine:
1. The pressure drop per 50 m of duct length.
2. Power required to overcome losses in the duct.
Fig.1 shows duct dimensions.
{air = 1.2 kg/m3, air = 15.1 x 10-6 m2/s, pipe roughness e = 0.046 mm).

Q2: Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at a rate of 0.2 m3/s and at a velocity of 5
m/s, and leaves to atmosphere at an angle of 60o from the axial direction. The discharge
flow area is half the inlet flow area. Find the force acting on the shaft in the axial
direction.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The forces acting on the
piping system in the horizontal direction are negligible. 3 The atmospheric pressure is
disregarded since it acts on all surfaces. 4 Water flow is nearly uniform at the outlet and
thus the momentum-flux correction factor can be taken to be unity,   1.
Properties: Take the density of water to be 1000 z
kg/m .
3
x
60 

m V

n FRx

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 Quiz 3

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2014/2015; Date: 24/11/2014

Student Name and I.D.:

The following two velocity components of a steady, incompressible, three dimensional

flow field are u = ax2 + by2 + cz2 and w = axz + byz2 ; where a, b, and c are constants.
Find the y velocity component as a function of x, y, and z.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering

Quiz 3

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2014/2015; Date: 24/11/2014

Student Name and I.D.:

The velocity in 2-D flow field is V = 2xt i – 2yt j. Determine expressions for the local and
convective components of acceleration in the x and y directions. What is the magnitude
of the velocity and acceleration at the point x = y = 2 at the time t = 0.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering

Quiz 4

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1;2013/2014; Date:10/12/2014

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following question:

Air flows steadily past a flat plate with U = 3 m/s. At approximately what location will the
boundary layer becomes turbulent. Find the boundary layer thickness at that point.
(assume Recrt = 5 x105, air = 1.46 x 10-5)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering

Quiz 4

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1;2013/2014; Date:15/12/2014

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following question:

Glycerin flows steadily past a flat plate with U = 1 m/s. At approximately what location
will the boundary layer becomes turbulent. Find the boundary layer thickness at that
point. (assume Recrt = 3 x106, gly = 1.19 x 10-3)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 1; 2014/2015

Date: 25/12/2014

Student Name and I.D:

Q1:
(a) Consider the two bodies of non-aerodynamic (cylinder) and aerodynamic (aero-foil) shapes
shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1

For the two bodies comment and compare between the following:
1. Pressure drag and skin friction drag
2. Boundary layer separation.
(4 marks)
(b) An automotive engine shown in Fig.2 can be considered as a 0.4-m high, 0.6-m wide, and
0.7-m long rectangular block. Determine and comment on the nature of the drag force on
the bottom surface of the engine block as the car travels at a velocity of 85 km/h. Assume
that the flow to be steady, incompressible, and turbulent on the entire engine block bottom
surface.
(ρair = 1.225 kg/m3, νair = 1.47 E-5 m2/s).
(6 marks)

Fig.2

Q2: A steady two-dimensional incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with the velocity
field u = -2xy; v = y2 – x2; and w = 0.
(a) Does the flow satisfy conservation of mass.
(b) Find the pressure field p(x,y) if the pressure at point (x=0, y=0) is equal to po.
 (gx = gy = 0)
(10 marks)
 University of Bahrain

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Final Examination--------------- Semester 1--------------- 2014/2015

Course Title: Fluid Mechanics - Course Number: MENG334 1&2

Duration: 2 Hr. Time: 8:30—10:30

Day & Date: Tuesday 00/01/2015 Room: 14-242

Question Marks out of 10

no.
Examiner:
Q1
6. 1. Dr. Mohamed Nabhan Q2

Q3

Q4

Total

Notes:
 Answer all questions
 Questions carry equal marks

Student Name: I.D No:

_____________________________________________________________
 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Final Examination

Answer the following questions:

Q1: Fresh air is pumped via a fan into a manhole to support the working conditions of
underground workers. The air is routed through a 0.2 m diameter plastic hose that is
9.14 m in length as shown in Fig.1. Determine the power needed by the fan to
overcome the head loss with a required flow rate of 0.28 m3/s, when:
(a) Neglecting minor losses, and
(b) Including minor losses for one sharp-edged entrance k1 = 0.5, one exit k2 = 1, and
one 90o miter bend (with no guide vanes) k3 = 1.1.
(Assume that points 1 and 2 are far away from entrance of fan and exit of plastic hose
and neglect ∆z in Bernoulli’s equation. Take air = 1.23 kg/m3, air = 1.8 x 10-6 kg/m.s).

Fig.1
Q2: Water flows through a horizontal, 180o pipe bend as illustrated in Fig.2. The flow
cross-sectional area is constant at a value of 0.01 m2 through the bend. The flow
velocity everywhere in the bend is axial and 15 m/s. The pressures at the entrance and
exit of the bend are 207 kPa and 165 kPa respectively. Calculate the resultant force
required to hold the bend in place and its direction. (w = 103 kg/m3)

Fig.2
Q3: A 100 km/hr. wind blows past the water tower shown in Fig.3. Dimensions, and
appropriate data are shown on the diagram. Determine, the moment, m, needed at the
base to keep the tower from tipping over.(air = 1.23 kg/m3, air = 1.46x 10-5 m2/s)

Fig.3

Q4: The nozzle shown in Fig.4 has an expansion ratio of 4 (exit area/throat area).
Air flows through the nozzle isentropically, and a normal shock wave occurs where
the area ratio is 2. The total pressure upstream of the shock is 1 MPa, and the
stagnation temperature To = 400 K. Determine:
1. Mach no. at exit, Mae
2. Static temperature at exit, Te
(A=area at shock wave, At=area at throat, and Ae=area at exit)

12

Fig.4
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test2 (Repeat)

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2014/2015

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A smooth rectangular plate 1.2 m wide by 24.4 m long moves through 20 oC water in
the direction of its length. The drag force on the plate (two sides) is 8 kN. Find:
(a) The velocity of the plate
(b) The thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge, and
(c) The length xcrit.of the laminar boundary layer if laminar conditions occur at the
leading edge. Also calculate the percentage of laminar flow over the entire length
of the plate.

{Assume Cd = 0.002; Re,crit = 5x105; and ρw = 1000 kg/m3; w = 10-6 Ns/m2}

Q2:
A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:
V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find:
1. The accelerations ax and ay and the maximum acceleration amax.
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The temperature gradient in duct dT/dt at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming
T = (x2 +y2)Tw ; where Tw is the wall temperature.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 2; Date: 4/3/15
Quiz 1

Student Name: I.D:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A tank contains oil of specific gravity 0.88. If the tank is 10-m long, the initial
depth of oil is 2m, and the tank accelerates to the right at 2.45 m/s 2. Assume
that there is no slippage, calculate:
1. The slope of the free surface
2. The minimum and maximum pressures at the tank bottom.
(Take density of water =1000 kg/m3).

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 2; Date: 4/3/15
Quiz 1

Student Name: I.D:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A tank contains oil of specific gravity 0.88. If the tank is 10-m height and of 0.5
m diameter, the initial depth of oil is 2m, and the tank rotates about its center
with angular velocity of 4 rad/s. Assume that there is no slippage, calculate:
1. The distance between the liquid on the wall and the base of tank.
2. The minimum pressure on the tank base and its location.
(Take density of water =1000 kg/m3)

Mechanical Engineering Department

College of Engineering
 Quiz 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2 Semester: 2, 2014/2015, Date: 18/03/2015

Name: I.D:
____________________________________________________________________________

Water flows into the sink shown at a rate of 8 L/min. If the drain is closed, the water will eventually flow
through the overflow drain holes rather than over the edge of the sink. How many drain holes of diameter 1
cm are needed to ensure that the water does not overflow the sink? Neglect viscous effects. (w = 103
kg/m3, velocity correction factor α = 1)

Sink Schematic

Mechanical Engineering Department

College of Engineering
Quiz 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1 Semester: 2, 2014/2015, Date: 16/03/2015

Name: I.D:
______________________________________________________________________________

An inviscid, incompressible liquid flows steadily from the large pressurized tank (Pg = 69 kPa) into an inclined
pipe as shown. The velocity at the exit of pipe is 12 m/s. determine the specific gravity of the liquid in the
tank. (w = 103 kg/m3, velocity correction factor α = 1)

1.5 m

Schematic View

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1-2 Semester 2; 2014/2015 Date: 8/4/2015

Time: 15:00-16:00
Student
Name/No.____________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question

Q1: A rectangular water tank open to the atmosphere is accelerated to the right on a level surface at
a specified rate as shown in Fig.1. The maximum pressure in the tank above the atmospheric level is
to be determined. Pertinent data are shown in the diagram. (w = 103 kg/m3)

Vent

1.5 m


h0 =2.5 m
Water tank ax = 2 m/s2

L =5 m

Fig.1

Q2: Water enters a centrifugal pump axially at a rate of 0.2 m3/s and at a velocity of 5 m/s, and
leaves to atmosphere at an angle of 60o from the axial direction as shown in Fig.2. The discharge
flow area is half the inlet flow area. Find the force acting on the shaft in the axial direction.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The forces acting on the piping system in
the horizontal direction are negligible. 3 The atmospheric pressure is disregarded since it acts on all

x
surfaces. 4 Water flow is nearly uniform at the outlet and thus the momentum-flux correction factor
can be taken to be unity, α  1.
Properties: Take the density of water to be
1000 kg/m3.

Fig.2

Q3:
The average flow velocity in a pipe shown in Fig.3 is 1.2 m/s. Determine: 1.The pressure drop,
2.The head loss, and 3.The pumping power required to overcome the pressure drop.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are negligible, and
thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no components such as bends, valves, and
connectors. 4 The piping section involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  = 1000 kg/m3 and  =
1.310-3 kg/ms, respectively.

Water
D = 0.2 cm
1.2 m/s

L = 15 m

Fig.3

Mechanical Engineering Department

College of Engineering
Quiz 3
 Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2 Semester: 2, 2014/2015,
Date: 20/04/2015

Name:
I.D:
___________________________________________________________________

A sluice gate of width b is shown in the closed (a) and open positions (b). Calculate the
anchoring force required to hold the gate in both positions and compare which is larger when
the gate is open (b) or closed (a).

Mechanical Engineering Department

College of Engineering
Quiz 4

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2 Semester: 2, 2014/2015

Date: 13/05/2015

Name: I.D:
___________________________________________________________________

A steady laminar, incompressible fluid flow in a two-dimensional diverging channel as shown in

the figure. The fluid enters the diverging section with a velocity V1 = 40 m/s. Given H = 1 m,
and assume unit width of the channel, determine:
(a) An expression for the velocity component u as a function of position x along the channel
(u does not depend on y).
(b) An expression for the acceleration of the fluid in the x-direction.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1-2 Semester 2; 2014/2015 Date:

24/5/15 Time: 14:00-15:00

Student Name/No._______________________________________________

Answer the following questions

Q1: The velocity components in an ideal, 2-D velocity field are given by the
equations:

u = 3(x2 – y2); and v = -6xy

(a) Does this velocity field satisfy the continuity equation? (2 marks)
(b) Does a stream function exists, and if so determine this function and plot the
function in the first and fourth quadrants. (5 marks)
(c) Determine the pressure gradient P(x,y). (5 marks)
(d) Can the pressure field be determined? (2 marks)
(gx =0, gy = -g)

Q2: Air flows isentropically from a tank where; P = 500 kPa and T = 500 K into a
converging-diverging duct. The area ratio in the duct at a subsonic section to
that in the throat equals 2 and area ratio in the supersonic section to the throat
area is also 2. Calculate the pressure at the subsonic section and the density at
the supersonic section. (6 marks)
(k = 1.4, R = 0.287 kJ/Kg.K)

University of Bahrain

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Final Examination--------------- Semester 2--------------- 2014/2015

 Course Title: Fluid Mechanics - Course Number: MENG334 1&2

Day & Date: Monday; 08/06/2015 Time: 11:30—13:30

Room: 15-114 & 115

Question Marks out of 10

no.
Examiner:
Q1
Dr. Mohamed Nabhan Q2
Q3

Q4

Q5

Total

Notes:
 Answer four (4) questions from five (5).
 All questions carry equal marks

Student Name: I.D No:_______

Answer four (4) questions only:

Q1: The cross section of a fuel tank of a vehicle is shown in Fig.1. The tank is vented
to the atmosphere, and the specific gravity of the fuel is SG = 0.65. A pressure
transducer is located in its side as illustrated. During testing of the vehicle, the tank
is subjected to a constant linear acceleration, ay.
Determine:
(a) An expression that relates ay and the pressure at the transducer,
(b) What is the maximum acceleration before the fuel level drops below the
transducer?
(SG =f/w@4oC, w@4oC =103 kg/m3)
 Fig.1

Q2: A horizontal jet of water exits a nozzle with a uniform speed of V1=3 m/s, and
strikes a vane that is inclined at an angle θ as shown in Fig.2. Determine:
(a) The anchoring force components Fx, and Fy.
(b) Plot Fx and Fy as the vane exit angle changes from 0 t0 180o.
(c) Comment on the forces values at θ=0, 90o, and 180o.
(w =103 kg/m3)

Fig.2

Q3: The velocity of a fluid particle moving along a horizontal streamline that
coincides with the x axis in a plane, two dimensional, Newtonian and incompressible
flow field is; u = x2. Along this streamline determine:
(a) The rate of change of v component of velocity with respect to y (∂v/∂y)
(b) The acceleration of the particle,
(c) The pressure gradient in the x-direction, and
(d) The stream function (x,y).

Q4: The turbine shown in Fig.3 extracts 37.3 kW from the water flowing through it.
The 0.3 m diameter, 91 m long pipe is assumed to have a friction factor of 0.02.
Minor losses are negligible. Show that the flow rate equation for the flow in the pipe
and turbine is given by:
 Q3 – 0.4 Q + 0.05 = 0
(Assume turbulent flow with w=103 kg/m3).

Fig.3

Q5: The nozzle shown in Fig.4 has an expansion ratio of 4 (exit area/throat area).
Air flows through the nozzle isentropically, and a normal shock wave occurs where
the area ratio is 2. The total pressure upstream of the shock is 1 MPa, and the
stagnation temperature To = 400 K. Determine:
1. Mach no. at exit, Mae
2. Static temperature at exit, Te
(A=area at shock wave, At=area at throat, and Ae=area at exit)

Fig.4
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Reset Test 2
Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 2; 2014/2015
Date: 31/5/2015

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1: A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:

V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find:
1. The accelerations ax and ay (4 marks)
 2. The velocity component in the direction 40o (2 marks)
3. The maximum acceleration (2 marks)
4. The temperature gradient in a duct dT/dt at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T =
(x2 +y2). (2 marks)

Q2:
Air, at stagnation conditions of 500 K and 200 kPa, flows through a nozzle. At
section 1 the area is 12 cm2, the density is 0.32 kg/m3. Assuming isentropic
flow in the duct, find:
(a) The Mach no. Ma1 and pressure at section 1, P1 (5 marks)
(b) The mass flow rate, m’ (2.5 marks)
(c) The critical area A* (2.5 marks)
(R=0.287 kJ/kg.K, K=1.4, P= RT)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
 Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 1; 2015/2016

Date: 10/11/2015

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1: A certain part of cast iron piping of a water distribution system involves a parallel section
as shown in Fig.1. both parallel pipes have a diameter of 30 cm, and the flow is fully turbulent.
One of the branches (pipe A) is 1000 m long while the other branch (pipe B) is 3000 m long. If
the flow rate through pipe A is 0.4 m3/s, and disregard minor losses, find:
(1) The flow rate through pipe B
(2) The total flow rate.

(take w=103 kg/m3, and f(-0.5) = -2 log10 ( /D) for fully turbulent flow)
3.7

Fig.1

Q2: Water is accelerated by a nozzle to an average speed of 20 m/s, and strikes a fixed
vertical plate at a rate of 10 kg/s with a normal velocity of 20 m/s as shown in Fig.2.
Determine the force needed to prevent the plate from moving horizontally due to the water
stream.
 Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 1; 2015/2016

Date: 24/12/2015
 Student Name and I.D.:
Answer the following questions:

Q1: The velocity of a fluid particle moving along a horizontal streamline that
coincides with the x axis in a plane, two dimensional, Newtonian and incompressible
flow field is; u = x2. Along this streamline determine:
(a) The change of v component of velocity with respect to y, (2 marks)
(b) The acceleration of the particle, (3 marks)
(c) The pressure gradient in the x-direction, and (3 marks)
(d) The stream function (x,y). (2 marks)

Q2: Air flows isentropically from a tank where; P = 500 kPa and T = 500 K into a
converging-diverging duct. The area ratio in the duct at a subsonic section to that in
the throat equals 2 and area ratio in the supersonic section to the throat area is also
2. Calculate:
(a) The pressure at the subsonic section and (4 marks)
(b) The density at the supersonic section. (6 marks)
(k = 1.4, R = 0.287 kJ/Kg.K)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Reset Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 2; 2004/2005

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:
V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find
 1.The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient in the duct dT/dt at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T
= (x2 +y2) Tw ; where Tw is the wall temperature.

Q2:
A supersonic wind tunnel with a square test section 15 cm by 15 cm is being
designed to operate at a Mach number of 3 using air as shown in Fig.1. The
static temperature and pressure in the test section are -20 oC and 50 kPa
absolute, respectively. Calculate the air mass flow rate in the test section. (R =
287 j/kg. K)

Fig.1
 University of Bahrain

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Final Examination--------------- Semester 1--------------- 2015/2016

Course Title: Fluid Mechanics - Course Number: MENG334 1&2

Day & Date: Monday; 12/01/2016 Time: 11:30—13:30

Room: 14-241/242

Question Marks out of 10

no.
Examiner:
Q1
Dr. Mohamed Nabhan Q2

Q3

Q4

Total

Notes:
 Answer all questions.
 All questions carry equal marks

Student Name: I.D No:_______

Section No.__________
Answer the following questions:

Q1:
(a) The following two velocity components of a steady, incompressible, three
dimensional flow field are u = ax2 + by2 + cz2 and w = axz + byz2 ;
where a, b, and c are constants. Find the y velocity component as a
function of x, y, and z.
(b) A steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow field in the xy-plane has a
stream function given by; ψ = ax3 + by + cx, where a,b, and c are
constants: a = 0.5 m/s, b = -2 m/s, and c = -1.5 m/s.
1. Verify that the flow field satisfies the incompressible continuity
equation
2. Obtain expressions for velocity components u, and v
3. Show if the flow is irrotational
4. Plot a stream line of the flow in the upper-right quadrant for ψ = - 5
m2/s and 0≤ x ≤3, and show its direction.

Q2:
A converging-diverging nozzle has a throat diameter of 5 cm and an exit
diameter of 10 cm is experimented upon in the Fluid Mechanics laboratory at
the University of Bahrain. The laboratory is maintained at atmospheric
conditions of 20 oC and 90 kPa absolute. Air is constantly pumped from a
reservoir as shown in Fig.1 so that a normal shock wave stands across the exit
plane of the nozzle. Determine:
(a) The receiver pressure in kPa
(b) The mass flux through the nozzle in kg/s
(R = 287 m2/s2.K, k = 1.4)

Shock Wave

Fig.1
 Q3:
Gasoline is being pumped at 400 liters/s in a pipeline from A to B as shown in
Fig.2. The only contributions to minor losses are the two valves located at the
ends of the pipe. Determine the necessary pump power required to meet the
flow requirements, assuming the pump efficiency to be 76 %. (e pipe roughness = 1
mm; S.Ggasol.= 0.81, νgasol. = 4.26 x 10-7 m2/s; γw = 9.8 kN/m3 ; 1 liter= 10-3
m3).

Fig.2

Q4:
Water enters a rotating lawn sprinkler through its base at the steady rate of
0.005 m3/s as shown in Fig.3. The cross-sectional area of each of the three
nozzle exits is normal to the relative velocity is 18 mm2. Determine:
(a) The resisting torque required to hold the rotor stationary, and
(b) The angular velocity if the resisting torque is reduced to zero at θ = 0o and θ
= 30o.
(w=103 kg/m3)

Fig.3
 UNIVERSITY OF BAHRAIN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING-DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Course MENG 334

Subject Fluid Mechanics

Semester I – 2015/2016

Final Exam 11:30 - 13:30 12/01/2016

Question Total
1 2 3 4
No. Marks

Max.
10 10 10 10 40
Marks

Marks
Scored

*
p,c a1, a4 a1, e6 a1, a2 a3, e3

*
p = PILO’s and c = CILO’s

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

 Answer all questions on these pages.

 Please make sure to have 5 pages including cover page.
 All tables and formulas are given.

Answer the following questions

Q1:
A 1 m-diameter pipe bend is shown in Fig.1 is carrying crude oil with specific
gravity (S.G = 0.94) with a steady flow rate of 2 m3/s. the bend has an angle
of 30o and lies in a horizontal plane. The volume of oil in the bend is 1.2 m 3,
and the empty weight of the bend is 4 kN. Assume the pressure along the
centerline of the bend is constant with a value of 75 kPa gage. Find the net
force required to hold the bend in place.
(w = 103 kg/m3)

Fig.1

Q2:
A small hydroelectric power plant takes a discharge (volume flow rate) of 14.1
m3/s through an elevation drop of 61 m as depicted in Fig.2. The head loss
through the intakes, penstock, and outlet is 1.5 m. The combined efficiency of
the turbine and electrical generator is 87%. Calculate:
3. Turbine head in m
4. Power output from the generator in MW.
(w = 9.81 kN/m3)
 Fig.2

Q3:
A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:
V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find:
1. The accelerations ax and ay
2. The velocity component in the direction 40o
3. The maximum acceleration
4. The temperature gradient in a duct dT/dt at (x,y) = (2,1), assuming T =
(x2 +y2).

Q4:
A supersonic wind tunnel with a square test section 15 cm by 15 cm is being
designed to operate at a Mach number of 3 using air as shown in Fig.3. The
static temperature and pressure in the test section are --20 oC and 50 kPa
absolute, respectively. Calculate the air mass flow rate in the test section. (R =
287 j/kg.K)

Fig.3
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 1(CILO 1)

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 2; 2015/2016 Date: 02/03/2016

Student Name/No.______________________________________________________

A tank contains oil of specific gravity 0.88. If the tank is 10-m long, the initial
depth of oil is 2m, and the tank accelerates to the right at 2.45 m/s 2. Assume
that there is no slippage.
Draw a schematic view of the rigid body in translation and determine the slope
of the free surface.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 1(CILO 1)

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 2 Semester 2; 2015/2016 Date: 02/03/2016

Student Name/No.______________________________________________________

A tank contains oil of specific gravity 0.88. If the tank is 10-m long, the initial
depth of oil is 2m, and the tank accelerates to the right at 2.45 m/s 2. Assume
that there is no slippage.
Draw a schematic view of the rigid body in translation and determine the
minimum and maximum pressures at the tank bottom.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Quiz 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2015/2016; Date:14/3/16

Student Name and

No.:______________________________________________

Answer the following question (Solve using EES solver)

The average flow velocity in a pipe is 1.2 m/s. Determine: 1.The pressure drop,
2.The head loss, and 3.The pumping power required to overcome the pressure
drop. plot ∆P (∆P =1 to 10 kPa) versus volume flow rate and head loss
due to friction, hf.

Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance

effects are negligible, and thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves
no components such as bends, valves, and connectors. 4 The piping section
involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
Properties The density and dynamic viscosity of water are given to be  =
999.7 kg/m3 and  = 1.30710-3 kg/ms, respectively.

D = 0.2 cm 1.2 m/s

L = 15 m

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Quiz 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2015/2016; Date:14/3/16

Student Name and No.:

________________________________________________________

Answer the following question (Solve using EES solver)

Using a computer iterative technique, determine the diameter of a pipe,

which carries gasoline at a flow rate of 0.1 m3/s. Pertinent data of pipe are
shown in the diagram. Neglect minor losses.
Specific weight of gasoline = 7.05 kN/m3
Viscosity of gasoline (g) = 2.92 E-4 Ns/m2
Surface roughness () = 0.5 mm
Density of gasoline (g) =719 kg/m3
Also plot P1 (p1=1 to 10 kPa) versus volume flow rate and head loss due
to friction, hf.

(1)
P1=2.5 kPa
Pipeline

(2) at atmospheric
L = 965.5 m

82.65 m

66.66 m

Datum

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 2; 13th April 2016
{Q1:1a,1b,1e & Q2:3b,3e,3k; CILO’s 1&3; PILO’s a, b, e, k}

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions:

Q1:
(a) Consider fluid flow in a pipe. Part of the pipe has a constant diameter
and part has a cross section which changes with distance. For the flow
in the pipe, relate the flow conditions in column A with those in column
B.

A B
Steady flow 𝝏Vs/𝝏s = 0
Unsteady flow 𝝏Vs/𝝏s  0
 Uniform flow 𝝏Vs/𝝏t = 0
Non-uniform flow 𝝏Vs/𝝏t  0

(b) A piston and water are accelerated upwards with an acceleration of

0.5g as shown in Fig.1. Determine the pressure at a depth of 1 m in
the water column. (w=103 kg/m3)

Fig.1

Q2:
Concrete flows into a container sitting on a scale as shown in Fig.2. the
concrete has a speed of V=3 m/s, an area A=0.1 m2, and a density of c =
2400 kg/m3. At the instant shown, the weight of the container and the concrete
is W = 3600 N. Determine:
(a) The tension in the cable, T in Newton, and
(b) The weight recorded by the scale, N in Newton.
 Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Quiz 3 (3 a, b, e, and k)

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1 & 2; Semester 2; 2015/2016; Date:13/4/16

 Student Name and No.:……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Answer the following question:

Water at a velocity of 7 m/s exits stationary nozzle with D = 4 cm and is directed
toward a turning vane with  = 40˚, assume steady-state.
Determine:
(a) Velocity and flow rate entering the c.v.
(b) Velocity and flow rate leaving the c.v.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Reset Test1; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 2; 14th April
2016
{Q1:1a,1b,1e & Q2:3b,3e,3k; CILO’s 1&3; PILO’s a, b, e, k}

Student Name and I.D.:

 Answer the following questions:

Q1:
(a) The nozzle velocity in Fig.1 is given by ux = uo/ (1- 0.5x/L) where; uo entrance
velocity, L= nozzle length. Given uo = 10 m/s, L = 0.5 m. Assume uniform
velocity across each section, calculate, the acceleration at x = 0.5 L.
{Acceleration: a = {(u u/s + u/t) et + (v2/r) en}

uo = 10 m/s ux u = 20 m/s

X
L

Fig.1

(b) The cylinder shown in Fig.2 is rotated about its centerline. Determine:
1. The rotational speed when the water just touches the origin at O.
Take R= 5.77 cm.
2. The pressure at point A in kPa at the base of the cylinder.
(Fluid in the cylinder is water with w =1000 kg/m3)

Fig.2

Q2: Water is accelerated by a nozzle to an average speed of 20 m/s, and strikes a

fixed vertical plate at a rate of 10 kg/s with a normal velocity of 20 m/s as shown in
Fig.2. Determine the force needed to prevent the plate from moving horizontally due to
the water stream.
 Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Quiz 4 (4 - a, b, and e)

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1 & 2; Semester 2; 2015/2016; Date:11/5/16

Student Name and No.:……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Answer the following question:

A two-dimensional incompressible flow field is defined by the velocity components:
u = 2V(x/L – y/L); υ = - 2V y/L; where V and L are constants.
Show that a stream function Ψ exists, and find this function. Plot this function in the first
quadrant. Comment on the flow characteristics.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Quiz 4 (4 - a, b, and e)

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1 & 2; Semester 2; 2015/2016; Date:11/5/16

Student Name and No.:……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer the following question:
A two-dimensional incompressible flow is given by the velocity field V = 3yi + 2xj in
arbitrary units. Determine:
a) If the flow satisfies continuity
b) The stream function Ψ(x,y)
c) Plot a few streamlines showing their direction in the first and third quadrants.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Test2; Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 2; 18th May, 2016
{Q1:4-a,b,e. & Q2:6-a,b,e,k; CILO’s 4 & 6; PILO’s a, b, e, k}
Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions

Q1:
A steady two-dimensional incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with the velocity
field: u = -2xy; v = y2 – x2; and w = 0
(a) Does the flow satisfy conservation of mass.
(b) Find the pressure field p(x,y) if the pressure at point (x=0, y=0) is equal to po.

Q2:
An air flow is expanded isentropically in a nozzle from Ma1 = 0.3, A1 = 0.1 m2 at
section 1 to Ma2 = 3 at section 2. Determine:
(a) The minimum area of the nozzle.
(b) The area at section 2, A2.
(c) The pressure ratio, P2/P1.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Quiz 5 (CILO 1)

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 2; 2015/2016 Date: 05/06/2016

Student Name/No.______________________________________________________

Q:
A supersonic wind tunnel with a square test section 15 cm by 15 cm is being
designed to operate at a Mach number of 3 using air as shown. The static
temperature and pressure in the test section are -20 oC and 50 kPa absolute,
respectively. Calculate the air mass flow rate in the test section.
(R = 287 j/kg.K, k = 1.4)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Quiz 5 (CILO 1)

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 1 Semester 2; 2015/2016 Date: 07/06/2016

Student Name/No.______________________________________________________

Q: Air exhausts through a nozzle 3 cm in diameter from a reservoir at a

pressure of 160 kPa and a temperature of 80 oC. Calculate the mass flow rate if
the back pressure is 100 kPa.
 UNIVERSITY OF BAHRAIN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING-DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Student Name Student No.

Course MENG 334

Subject Fluid Mechanics

Semester 2- 2015/2016

Final Exam 11:30 - 13:30 13/06/2016

Question Total
1 2 3 4
No. Marks

Max.
10 10 10 10 40
Marks

Marks
Scored

*
p,c a1 a1, a2, e6 a1, a3 a6, e3

*
p = PILO’s and c = CILO’s

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

 Make sure to answer all 4 questions.

 Answer each question in a new sheet.
 All tables and formulas are given.
Q1:
(a) A U-tube manometer is partially filled with a liquid as shown in Fig.1(a). The U-
tube is accelerated horizontally with an acceleration a, and a differential
height h develops between the two limbs, which are L distance apart. Find
the relationship between a, L, and h.

(b) The U-tube of Fig.1(b) is partially filled with mercury and rotates about the off-
center axix a-a. At rest, the depth of mercury in each leg is 150 mm.
Determine the angular velocity for which the difference in heights between
the two legs is 75 mm.

Fig.1 (a) Fig.1 (b)

Q2: Air flows from a large tank to a pipe and exits from a nozzle as shown in Fig.2
with the following conditions.
Given Data:
Tank gauge pressure, p1=3 kPa
Density of air, a= 1.26 kg/m3
Pipe diameter, D=0.03 m
Nozzle diameter, d= 0.01 m
The ambient conditions are standard temperature and pressure 15 oC, and 101 kpa
respectively. The flow is steady, inviscid, and incompressible. Using Bernoulli equation,
determine:
(a) The air mass flow rate through the nozzle, m*.
(b) The pressure in the pipe, p2.
(c) Plot the variation of m*, and p2 with the nozzle diameter d.
 Fig.2

Q3: Water enter steadily from the base of a lawn sprinkler at 10-3 m3/s. The flow
leaving each nozzle is in the tangential direction and the exit area of each of the two
nozzles is 30 mm2 as shown in Fig.3. The radius of the sprinkler arm is 200 mm,
determine:
(a) The torque required to hold the arms stationary, Ts.
(b) The maximum rotation of the sprinkler, max in rpm.
(c) Plot the variation of torque, T with the sprinkler rotation, .
(w = 1000 kg/m3).

Fig.3

Q4: A shock wave forms upstream of a total pressure probe inserted in a supersonic
air flow as shown in Fig.4. The probe measures stagnation pressure (total pressure) of
414 kPa. The stagnation temperature at the probe head is 555 K. The static pressure
at the upstream of the shock is measured by a wall static pressure tap to be 82 kPa.
Determine:
(a) Mach no. upstream, Max and downstream May of the shock wave.
(b) The static temperature upstream of the shock, Tx.
(c) The velocity upstream of the shock, Vx.
(For air, k=1.4, and R=287 j/kg.K)
 Fig.4

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 Quiz 1(CILO 2)

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 02 Semester 1; 2016/2017 Date: 05/10/2016

Student Name/No.______________________________________________________

The flow rate in the pipe with the valve shown is 3.3 l/s. Determine the loss coefficient
of the valve ignoring the wall shear stress. (w = 103 kg/m3, w = 1x10-3 kg/m.s)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 Quiz 1(CILO 2)

Course: Fluid Mechanics - MENG334 04 Semester 1; 2016/2017 Date: 05/10/2016

Student Name/No.______________________________________________________

The flow rate in the pipe with the valve shown is 6 l/s. Determine the loss coefficient of
the valve when H = 8 cm ignoring the wall shear stress. (w = 103 kg/m3, w = 1x10-3
kg/m.s)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 QUIZ 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2016/2017, Date: 2 Nov. 2016

Name and
I.D:__________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question:

Water at a velocity of 7 m/s exits a stationary

nozzle with D = 4 cm and is directed toward a
turning vane with θ = 40˚, assume steady-
state.(w=103 kg/m3)

Determine:
a. Velocity and flow rate entering the c.v.
b. Velocity and flow rate leaving the c.v.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 QUIZ 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2016/2017; Date: 2 Nov. 2016

Name and
I.D:__________________________________________________________________

Answer the following question:

Water at a velocity of 7 m/s exits a stationary

nozzle with D = 4 cm and is directed toward a
turning vane with θ = 40˚. The vane is turning
with a velocity of U=2 m/s as shown. Assume
steady-state. (w=103 kg/m3)

Determine:
a. Velocity and flow rate entering the c.v.
b. Velocity and flow rate leaving the c.v.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
 Test 1

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 1; 24 Nov. 2016

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions

Q1:
Gasoline is being pumped at 400 liters/s in a pipeline from A to B as shown in
Fig.1. The only contributions to minor losses are the two valves located at the
ends of the pipe. Determine the necessary pump power required to meet the
flow requirements, assuming the pump efficiency to be 76 %.[S.Gg(g/w)=0.81,
g=4.26 x 10-7 m2/s; w= 9.8 kN/m3; 1 liter= 10-3 m3].

Fig.1

Q2:
Fig.2 shows a vane with a turning angle of 60o. The vane moves with
constant speed, U = 10 m/s, and receives a jet of water that leaves a
stationary nozzle with speed, V = 60 m/s. The nozzle has an exit area of
0.003 m2. For w = 103 kg/m3, and neglect vane weight; determine:
1. The force components in the X and Y directions,
2. The resultant force and its inclination to the horizontal,
3. Comment on the direction of the resultant force.

Fig.2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering

QUIZ 3

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2016/2017; Date: 5 Dec. 2016

Name and I.D:______________________________________________________

The nozzle velocity is given by ux = uo/(1- 0.5x/L) where; uo entrance velocity,

L= nozzle length. Given uo = 10 m/s, L = 0.5 m. Assume uniform velocity across
each section, calculate, the acceleration at x = 0.5 L.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering

QUIZ 3

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2016/2017; Date: 5 Dec. 2016

Name and I.D:______________________________________________________

A two dimensional velocity field in a duct is given by:

V = (x2 - y2 + x) i – (2xy + y) j in arbitrary units. At (x,y) = (1,2), find:
The absolute velocity component in the direction 40o.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2016/2017
Quiz 4:

Name:________________________________________________I.D._____________________

An air flow is expanded isentropically in a duct from Ma1 = 0.3, A1 = 0.1 m2 at section 1 to Ma2 = 3
at section 2. Determine:
(a) The minimum area of the duct
(b) Area at section 2, A2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering
Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 2; Semester 1; 2016/2017
Quiz 4:

Name:________________________________________________I.D._____________________

An air flow is expanded isentropically in a duct from Ma1 = 0.3, A1 = 0.1 m2 at section 1 to Ma2 = 3
at section 2. Determine:
(a) The minimum area of the duct
(b) The pressure ratio, P2/P1

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 College of Engineering

Test 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 1; 28 Dec., 2016

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions

Q1: A steady two-dimensional, incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with

the velocity field: u = -2 x y ; v = y2 – x2 ; and w = 0

(a) Does the flow satisfy conservation of mass

(b) Does a pressure function exists
(c) Find the total pressure gradient P(x,y) .

Q2:
A supersonic wind tunnel with a square test section 15 cm by 15 cm is being
designed to operate at a Mach number of 3 using air as shown in Fig.1. The
static temperature and pressure in the test section are --20 oC and 50 kPa
absolute, respectively. Calculate the air mass flow rate in the test section.
(K=1.4, R = 287 j/kg.K)

Fig.1
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Retest 2

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1&2; Semester 1; 02/01/2017

Student Name and I.D.:

Answer the following questions

Q1: A steady two-dimensional incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with the

velocity field u = -2xy; v = y2 – x2; and w = 0.
Find the pressure field p(x,y) if the pressure at point (x=0, y=0) is equal to po.

Q2: Air flowing through a converging-diverging nozzle experiences a normal

shock wave at the nozzle exit plane as shown in Fig.1. Determine the following
after the shock:
(a) The stagnation pressure, and static temperature
(b) The exit velocity
(c) Mass flow rate through the nozzle
(d) Why the temperature after shock is of concern to the aerospace
engineer.
Pertinent data are shown on the figure. Assume one dimensional, steady and
isentropic flow with k =1.4 from nozzle inlet to shock location.
(R=287 J/kg. K).

Fig.1
 UNIVERSITY OF BAHRAIN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING-DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

Student No. Student Name

Course MENG 334

Subject Fluid Mechanics

Semester 1-2016/2017

Final Exam 08:30 - 10:30 25/01/2017

Question 4 Total
1 2 3
No. Bonus Marks

Max.
15 10 15 10 40
Marks

Marks
Scored

* p,c a2, a3 a2, e6 a6, e6, a4

* p = PILO’s and c = CILO’s

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

 Make sure to answer the first three questions as they carry the total marks
(40%).
 Q4 is a bonus question, which carries 10 marks.
 Answer each question in a new sheet.
 All tables and formulas are given.
Answer the following questions:

Q1:
Water of density 103 kg/m3 flows through an 180o reducing bend in the vertical
plane as shown in fig.1. The discharge is 0.25 m3/s, and the pressure at the
center of the inlet section is 150 kPa gage. The pipe bend volume is 0.1 m3,
and its weight is 500 N. it is assumed that the Bernoulli equation is valid and
neglect the wall thickness of the pipe and pipe frictional effects. Determine:
1. The outlet pressure at 2,
2. The reaction force in the x-direction, and
3. The reaction force in the z-direction.
(w = 10-3 kg/m.s) (15 marks)

Fig.1
Q2:
A pump draws water from a reservoir, where the water surface elevation is 160
m, and forces the water through a pipe 1525 m long and 0.3 m in diameter.
The pipe then discharges the water into a reservoir with water surface elevation
of 190 m as shown in fig.2. The flow rate is 0.2 m3/s, and the head loss in the
pipe is given by; hL = 0.01 (L/D) (v2/2g). Determine:
1. The head in m supplied by the pump, hp, and
2. The power in kW supplied to the flow.
3. The efficiency of the pump assuming the motor pump power is 142 kW.
(Take w= 103 kg/m3, and w= 10-3 kg/m.s) (10 marks)

Fig.2
Q3:
(a) A pitot static tube is used to measure the Mach number on a
supersonic aircraft. The tube creates a normal shock wave as shown in
fig.3 (a). The absolute stagnation pressure downstream of the shock
wave is 150 kPa, and the static pressure of the free stream ahead of
the shock wave is P1 is 40 kPa is sensed by the static pressure tap on
the probe. Determine:
1. The Mach number upstream of the shock wave, M1
2. The static pressure downstream of the shock wave, P2
(Take k= 1.4) (6 marks)

Fig.3 (a)

(b) A truncated nozzle shown in fig.3 (b) is used to meter the mass flow
rate in a pipe. The area of the nozzle is 3 cm2. The stagnation pressure
and temperature measured upstream of the nozzle in the pipe is 300
kPa absolute and 20 oC. The pressure downstream of the nozzle (back
pressure) is 90 kPa absolute. Calculate the mass flow rate, m’.
[Take k= 1.4, P*/Po = 2/(k+1)k/k-1] (9 marks)

Fig.3 (b)
Q4 (Bonus Question):
A two-dimensional flow is generated between a fixed and moving vertical
plate as shown in fig.4. The left plate is fixed, and the right plate moves with
a velocity U. The distance between the plates is δ. The flow is steady and
fully developed; that is there is no change in the x-direction. The fluid is
incompressible and the pressure is constant. Use the Navier-Stokes
equations to find the velocity distribution, u between the plates in terms of
the fluid density , the fluid viscosity , gravity constant g, the distance
between the plates δ, and the moving plate velocity U.
(10 marks)

Fig.4
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering

Final Examination

Course: Fluid Mechanics, MENG334 1; Semester 1; 2016/2017

Answer the following questions (All questions carry equal marks):

Q1: A siphon shown in Fig.1 is used to draw gas out of a car. The difference in
pressure between point 1 at the surface of gasoline in the tank and point 2 at
the outlet of the tube causes the liquid to flow from higher to lower elevation.
Point 2 is located 0.75 m below point 1, and point 3 is located 2 m above
point 1. The siphon diameter is 4 mm, and frictional head loss in the siphon
from points 1 to 3, h1-3 = 0.1 m and from points 2 to 3, h2-3 = 0.1 m. (ρgasoline
= 750 kg/m3, take your reference line at point 2 and assume turbulent flow,
and tank and can are open to atmosphere). Determine:

(a) The minimum time to withdraw 4 liters (1 L = 10 -3 m3) of gasoline from

the car tank to the gas can.
(b) The pressure at point 3.

Fig.1
Q2: A reducing elbow is used to deflect water flow at a rate of 14 kg/s in a
horizontal pipe upward 30o while accelerating it as shown in Fig.2. The elbow
discharges water into the atmosphere. The cross sectional area of the elbow is
113 cm2 at inlet and 7 cm2 at outlet. The elevation difference between the
centers of the outlet and inlet is 30 cm. The frictional losses, weight of the
elbow and the water in it are considered to be negligible. Determine:
(a) The gauge pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow
(b) The horizontal component of the anchoring force needed to hold the
elbow in place.
[Take ρw = 103 kg/m3, w=10-3 kg/m.s]

Fig.2
Q3: Air enters a converging-diverging nozzle as shown in Fig.3 at 1 MPa and
800 K with a negligible velocity. The flow is steady, one-dimensional and
isentropic with k = 1.4 and R = 0.287 kPa.m3/kg. For an exit Mach number of
Mae = 2 and a throat area of 20 cm2, determine:
(a) The throat conditions (p*, T*, ρ* and V*)
(b) The exit velocity, Ve
(c) The mass flow rate through the nozzle, m˙.

Fig.3
Bonus Question:
Q4: A steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in the narrow
gap between two infinite parallel plates Fig.4. The top plate is moving with
speed V, and the bottom plate is fixed. The distance between the two
plates is h, and gravity acts in the negative Z-direction (into the page).
There is no applied pressure other than hydrostatic pressure due to
gravity (Couette flow). Determine:
(a) The velocity field
(b) The pressure field.

Fig.4