UIC CODE 553

6th edition, February 2004

Translation OR

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning in coaches

Ventilation, chauffage et climatisation des voitures
Lüftung, Heizung und Klimatisierung der Reisezugwagen
Leaflet to be classified in Volumes :
V - Rolling Stock
VI - Traction

Application :
With effect from 1 January 2000
All members of the International Union of Railways

Record of updates
1st edition, January 1947 First edition

3rd edition, January 1971 3 amendments

4th edition, January 1979 2 amendments

5th edition, January 1990 3 amendments

6th edition, February 2004 Adapted to EN 13129-1

Retyped in FrameMaker

The person responsible for this leaflet is named in the UIC Code

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Contents

Summary ..............................................................................................................................1

1- Scope ........................................................................................................................... 2

2- Equipment of coaches................................................................................................ 3

3- Performance of heating and cooling equipment...................................................... 4

4- Centralised operating, control, safety and monitoring devices ............................. 6

5- Regulation of climate control equipment ................................................................. 7

6- Regulator for varying the temperature in the passenger accommodation ........... 8

6.1 - Marking of regulators ............................................................................................ 8

6.2 - Compartment regulators ....................................................................................... 8
6.3 - Regulators in open saloon coaches...................................................................... 8

7- Additional requirements............................................................................................. 9

7.1 - Air filters................................................................................................................ 9

7.2 - Noise emissions.................................................................................................... 9
7.3 - Vibrations.............................................................................................................. 9
7.4 - Protection against water, snow and dust .............................................................. 9
7.5 - Air ducts................................................................................................................ 9

8- Operating instructions, explanatory note and diagrams ...................................... 10

9- Compliance with comfort requirements ................................................................. 11

10 - Pressure protection .................................................................................................. 12

Appendix A - Overview to explain railway-specific terms ............................................. 13

Appendix B - General conditions of comfort .................................................................. 14

B.1 - Temperatures in areas for the use of passengers .............................................. 14
B.2 - Temperatures in ancillary areas ......................................................................... 14
B.2.1 - Mean side corridor temperature ....................................................................... 14
B.2.2 - Mean temperature in entrance vestibules ........................................................ 14
B.2.3 - Temperature in telephone boxes ..................................................................... 15

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 B.2.4 - Temperature in WCs and wash rooms ............................................................ 15
B.2.5 - Temperature in baby changing facilities .......................................................... 15
B.2.6 - Temperature in catering facilities ..................................................................... 15
B.3 - Relative humidity ................................................................................................ 15
B.4 - Surface temperatures ......................................................................................... 15
B.4.1 - Walls and ceilings ............................................................................................ 15
B.4.2 - Windows .......................................................................................................... 16
B.4.3 - Floors .............................................................................................................. 16
B.4.4 - Air inlets ........................................................................................................... 16
B.5 - Air velocity .......................................................................................................... 16
B.6 - Air supply ............................................................................................................ 16
B.6.1 - Fresh air........................................................................................................... 16
B.6.2 - Recycled air .................................................................................................... 16
B.6.3 - Ventilation of catering facilities......................................................................... 17
B.6.4 - Ventilation of sanitary facilities......................................................................... 17
B.6.5 - Ventilation of technical areas ........................................................................... 17

Appendix C - Classification of countries into climate zones......................................... 18

Appendix D - Heat emission from a person, clothed normally and seated.................. 19

Appendix E - Curve for the theoretical ambient temperature........................................ 20

Appendix F - Air humidity in the comfort zone............................................................... 21

Appendix G - Permissible air velocity.............................................................................. 22

Appendix H - Fresh air intake as a function of outside temperature (Te) .................... 23

H.1 - Air-conditioned coaches ..................................................................................... 23
H.2 - Air-heated coaches............................................................................................. 23

Glossary .............................................................................................................................24

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................26

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Summary

"Climate control installations" include ventilation, heating and cooling equipment as well as, in some
instances, devices to humidify/dehumidify the air. This term is also used in cases where no cooling,
humidifying or dehumidifying equipment is provided.

This leaflet distinguishes between areas for use by passengers and ancillary areas.

Areas for passenger use may be either compartments or open saloons.

Ancillary areas include side corridors, entrance vestibules, sanitary facilities, catering facilities, baby
changing rooms, staff rooms, telephone boxes, etc.

Different comfort standards apply for passenger accommodation and the various ancillary areas.

Key terms and definitions in respect of air treatment in railway vehicles are listed in Appendix A or the
Glossary.

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O 1 - Scope

1.1 - This leaflet lays down the conditions governing the climate control equipment fitted in seating,
dining, couchette and sleeping cars (henceforth called coaches) authorised for unrestricted use in
international traffic, irrespective of their design.

UIC Leaflet 553-1 sets out the tests and measurement procedures required or recommended for type
testing climate control equipment.

1.2 - The provisions of this leaflet and UIC Leaflet 553-1 shall also apply to climate control equipment
fitted in:

- high speed vehicles as defined in UIC Leaflet 660,

- all passenger vehicles used in cross-border traffic.

1.3 - In addition to complying with the provisions of this leaflet, the design of climate control equipment
on coaches shall take account of the k-value (heat transfer coefficient) and window transmission
factor τ, described in UIC Leaflet 567.

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2 - Equipment of coaches

2.1 - Coaches shall be fitted with climate control equipment that can run on electrical power from the
train cable defined in UIC Leaflet 552.

2.2 - The permissible wattage drawn by coaches, including on-board climate control installations, is
set out in UIC Leaflet 550.

2.3 - Coaches shall be fitted with heating and ventilation equipment capable of guaranteeing the
comfort standards laid down in Appendix B - page 14 for passenger accommodation and ancillary
areas at the outdoor temperatures stipulated for the climate zones listed in Appendix C - page 18.

Coaches authorised for speeds of >160 km/h shall also be fitted with a cooling system.

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3 - Performance of heating and cooling equipment

3.1 - Depending on the conditions governing the use of a coach, the performance of its heating and
cooling equipment shall be compatible with the three climate zones defined in Appendix C - page 18.

3.2 - Passenger areas shall be supplied with the volumes of fresh air per seat or berth stipulated in
Appendix H - page 23 depending on the outside temperature but irrespective of speed.

3.3 - Heating equipment

3.3.1 - Pre-heating

At an outside temperature of 0°C and with the coach at a standstill, a minimum ambient temperature
of +18°C shall be attained within a period of not more than 70 minutes in all areas reserved for the use
of passengers, irrespective of the setting of the different temperature regulators.

3.3.2 - Normal operation

At maximum permissible speed, the minimum outside temperature for the selected climate zone from
Appendix C and the specified rate of fresh air intake, a mean ambient temperature of 22°C shall be
maintained in all passenger areas (Lighting = 0, Occupation level = 0, Solar heating equivalent = 0).

3.4 - Cooling equipment

3.4.1 - Pre-cooling

Under the outdoor conditions described in point 3.1 and with the individual temperature regulators at
the lowest setting, an ambient temperature of no more than 2 K above the theoretical mean ambient
temperature shall be attained within a period of 100 minutes in all passenger areas in coaches at a
standstill.

3.4.2 - Normal operation

With the coach at a standstill (maximum air velocity, for example, in a climate chamber of 10 km/h)
and at the maximum outdoor temperature and solar heating values for the selected climate zone listed
in Appendix C as well as the specified rate of fresh air intake, the ambient temperature limits set out
in Appendix E - page 20 shall be complied with in all unlit passenger areas filled to capacity (see
Appendix D - page 19 for heat emitted by individuals), with the temperature regulator set to "medium".

3.5 - Extreme conditions

3.5.1 - Minimum and maximum outdoor temperatures

The equipment must remain operational under the following extreme temperatures:

- 5 K below the minimum values (10 K for Poland, Romania, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and
Hungary) and 5 K above the maximum values laid down in point 3.1,

- 15 K above the maximum values stipulated in point 3.1, where equipment is fitted under the
vehicle underframe.

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At the above-listed extreme temperatures, compliance with the comfort standards stipulated in
Appendix B - page 14 is no longer required.

3.5.2 - Fresh air supply

If damage to a piece of equipment in the coach means that the volumes of fresh air stipulated in
Appendix H - page 23 cannot be provided, a back-up ventilation system with reduced air supply shall
be available. Emergency ventilation systems powered by the coach battery shall be capable of
operating for 30 minutes.

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4 - Centralised operating, control, safety and monitoring
devices

4.1 - It shall be possible to switch the climate control equipment in a coach on or off by means of a
switch located on the control panel defined in UIC Leaflet 550-1. This switch shall also be used to shut
down the climate control equipment, including the air supply fan, in an emergency.

4.2 - The climate control equipment shall be designed to switch on automatically as soon as the train
cable is live, the coach power supply system is activated and the switch described in point 4.1 is on.

Similarly, it shall stop automatically when the power supply is cut off. In addition, the loads connected
to the battery shall also switch off in line with the conditions set out in UIC Leaflet 550 and thus ensure
that the battery cannot be flattened.

Passengers should not be subject to any unpleasant warm or cold air movements when equipment
starts up again after short power outages.

4.3 - All electrical heater units shall be fitted with a safety device to prevent any unacceptable degree
of overheating. Functioning of this safety device shall be completely independent of the control
regulator and power supply source and ensure failsafe cut-off of the current supply to the heater unit.

4.4 - The cooling equipment shall be fitted with safety devices to prevent an unacceptable increase
in refrigerant pressure.

4.5 - The design of the control panel, the arrangement of the fuses and the markings and inscriptions
on the components are governed by the provisions of UIC Leaflet 550 and 550-1.

4.6 - Centralised operation of climate control equipment throughout the entire train (heat chain).

Pending.

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 5 - Regulation of climate control equipment

O 5.1 - Each coach shall be equipped with a regulation system enabling the general comfort
requirements outlined in Appendix B - page 14 to be observed.

O 5.2 - It shall be possible for the temperature inside each passenger compartment or saloon to be
modified by means of a regulator as described in point 6 - page 8 providing a minimum adjustment
range of ±2 K (±3 K for couchette and sleeping cars) above and below the temperatures specified in
Appendix B. The temperature in passenger accommodation shall vary by no more than 1 K when the
regulator is switched between two consecutive settings.

Adjusting the regulator shall bring about a change in ambient temperature of at least 1 K in under
15 minutes.

O 5.3 - Adjusting the regulator in one compartment shall not alter the ambient temperature in other
compartments by more than ±0,3 K.

R 5.4 - Open saloon coaches may be considered as a single unit from the point of view of temperature
regulation.

O 5.5 - At the start of each coach run, the regulator should be set back to the theoretical mean ambient
temperature.

O 5.6 - A maximum temperature variation of ±1 K is briefly allowed in passenger compartments and

saloons during transition from pre-heating or pre-cooling to normal operation.

O 5.7 - To cater for possible malfunctioning of the climate control equipment, including the controls, it
should be designed to continue operating at a lower level of efficiency and/or reduced comfort
parameters if need be.

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6 - Regulator for varying the temperature in the
passenger accommodation

6.1 - Marking of regulators

Temperature regulators shall be identified using the pictogram defined in UIC Leaflet 413.

6.2 - Compartment regulators

The temperature regulator shall be accessible to passengers in compartments. It shall be positioned

either below the window or above the door.

6.3 - Regulators in open saloon coaches

The temperature regulator for open saloons shall be located on the train crew control panel defined in
UIC Leaflet 550-1 and operated by train crew members only.

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7 - Additional requirements

7.1 - Air filters

The purification capacity of air filters shall comply with the requirements of filter class G4 pursuant to
European Standard EN 779 as applied to climate control equipment on board railway vehicles.

7.2 - Noise emissions

When the coach is stationary, the noise level generated solely by the climate control equipment and
power supply system required to operate it shall not exceed the following values in the passenger
accommodation:

1st class day coach

Sleeping car All other coaches
Climate zone
Couchette
Summer
Restaurant car
dB (A) dB (A)
I 55 60
II 55 57
III 55 57

7.3 - Vibrations

Vibrations generated solely by the climate control equipment and power supply system required to
operate it shall comply with the requirements laid down in prENV 12 299 and the stipulations of
point 7.2 of this leaflet.

7.4 - Protection against water, snow and dust

All necessary measures shall be taken prevent condensation, rain, wash water and snow from
penetrating into and accumulating in the coach. These elements shall not cause the climate control
equipment to malfunction.

7.5 - Air ducts

Ducts used to transfer heated and cooled air shall be insulated.

All air ducts and nozzles fitted in coaches should be arranged in such a way as to enable deposits and
dust to be removed during routine maintenance without the need for dismantling.

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8 - Operating instructions, explanatory note and
diagrams

8.1 - These instructions and their layout shall comply with the requirements set out in UIC Leaflet 550.

8.2 - The following documentation at least shall be available in the coach switch box to enable any
faults in the climate control system to be identified and rectified:

- diagram showing the arrangement of the main components,

- basic circuit diagram,

- brief explanatory note with information on how to repair defects. (No explanatory note is required
if the coach is fitted with a diagnostics system in compliance with UIC Leaflet 557 and Man
Machine Interface MMI Form 3).

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9 - Compliance with comfort requirements

9.1 - Compliance with the specified ratings and comfort requirements shall be verified during a type
test in a climate chamber. Care shall be taken to ensure that the temperatures generated by the
climate control equipment are fully stabilised in all rooms when these checks are made.

9.2 - Tests to demonstrate compliance with the comfort requirements shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of UIC Leaflet 553-1.

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10 - Pressure protection

Pending.

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Appendices

Appendix A - Overview to explain railway-specific terms

The diagram selected only serves as an example and does not have any influence on the design of
the equipment.

Waste air

Ambient air

Air
intake

Admixed
air
Top-up
Recycled heater
Outside air
or Outgoing air
fresh air
Air
Treated supply
Mixed air
air

Cooling Main heating unit

Air treatment unit or main damper
and/or
device

Fig. 1 - Illustration of railway-specific terms

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Appendices

Appendix B - General conditions of comfort

O B.1 - Temperatures in areas for the use of passengers

B.1.1 - When the regulator is set to the centre position, the theoretical temperature (Tic) in areas for
the use of passengers shall lie within the range shown in Appendix E - page 20 irrespective of the
outside air temperature.

B.1.2 - Coaches without cooling equipment need only comply with the conditions specified in
point B.1.1 when the outside air temperature is sufficient to maintain this inside temperature.

B.1.3 - The mean ambient temperature in passenger accommodation (Tim) shall not deviate from the
theoretical value (Tic) by more than ±1.

B.1.4 - Adjustment of the temperature regulator setting shall vary the temperature by at least 1°C in
under 15 minutes.

B.1.5 - When the theoretical temperature (Tic) in passenger areas varies within the range provided
for in Appendix E owing to a shift in the mean outside temperature (Tem) (e.g. when travelling through
long tunnels), adjustment of the mean ambient temperature (Tim) shall be limited to 0,1 K per minute.

B.1.6 - At a temperature measurement level of 1,1 m above floor level, the difference between
minimum and maximum values shall not be greater than 2 K. Variation of up to 3 K is allowed in
couchette cars and sleeping cars.

B.1.7 - At the measurement levels of 0,1 m and 1,7 m above floor level, the difference between
minimum and maximum ambient temperatures shall not be greater than 2 K.

O B.2 - Temperatures in ancillary areas

B.2.1 - Mean side corridor temperature

This temperature is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured at a height of 1,7 m above floor
level in accordance with the procedure described in UIC Leaflet 553-1.

When heating, the mean side corridor temperature shall not be more than 6 K below the theoretical
ambient temperature in the passenger accommodation.

When cooling, the mean side corridor temperature shall not be more than 5 K above the theoretical
ambient temperature in the passenger accommodation.

B.2.2 - Mean temperature in entrance vestibules

This temperature to the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured at a height of 1,7 m above floor
level in accordance with the procedure described in UIC Leaflet 553-1.

This average shall either lie somewhere between the outside temperature and the theoretical ambient
temperature or correspond to the outside temperature. Under extreme conditions, the mean
temperature in entrance vestibules shall not fall below +10°C when heating nor exceed +35°C when
cooling.

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Appendices

Furthermore, the mean temperature at 0,1 m above floor level in entrance vestibules shall always be
higher than 4°C when heating.

B.2.3 - Temperature in telephone boxes

The temperature at the measurement point of 1,1 m above the geometric centre of the box floor:

- when heating: shall not be more than 6 K below the theoretical ambient temperature in passenger
accommodation,

- when cooling: shall not be more than 6 K above the theoretical ambient temperature in passenger
accommodation.

B.2.4 - Temperature in WCs and wash rooms

The temperature at the measurement point of 1,1 m above the geometric centre of the WC/wash room
floor:

- when heating: shall not fall below 20°C,

- when cooling: shall not be more than 6 K above the theoretical ambient temperature in passenger
accommodation.

B.2.5 - Temperature in baby changing facilities

The temperature at the measurement point of 1,1 m above the geometric centre of the floor:

- when heating: shall not fall below 22°C,

- when cooling: shall not be more than 4 K above the theoretical ambient temperature in passenger
accommodation.

B.2.6 - Temperature in catering facilities

The temperature at the geometric centre point of the horizontal axis of the staff work area, positioned
over 0,5 m away from the heat-emitting appliances, which release 50% of the heat generated when
functioning smoothly, shall not fall below the theoretical ambient temperature nor exceed it by more
than 6 K.

O B.3 - Relative humidity

At all ambient temperature values listed in point B.1.6 - page 14, the relative humidity shall comply
with the values given in Appendix F - page 21.

O B.4 - Surface temperatures

B.4.1 - Walls and ceilings

The temperature of these inner surface areas of the passenger accommodation shall not be more than
7 K below the mean ambient temperature (Tim) when the coach is heated.

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Appendices

B.4.2 - Windows

When the coach is stationary and heated, the inner surface temperature of the following components
shall not fall short of the mean ambient temperature (Tim) by more than the values indicated below:

- window panes: 12 K,

- frames: 9 K.

B.4.3 - Floors

The floor surface temperature shall not be lower than +8°C one hour after completion of the
pre-heating period, and deviation from the mean ambient temperature (Tim) shall not exceed 10 K
three hours after completion of pre-heating.

B.4.4 - Air inlets

Temperatures at accessible air inlets:

- when heating: shall not exceed 35°C,

- during pre-heating: shall not exceed 65°C,

- during pre-cooling and cooling: shall not fall below 5°C.

O B.5 - Air velocity

The air velocity in the comfort zones shall not exceed the maximum values laid down in Appendix G -
page 22.

Outside the comfort zones, an air velocity of 0,05 m/s or more is required to avoid "static areas".

Variations in air velocity at air inlets shall be steady and may not be greater than ±20% over
20 seconds.

B.6 - Air supply

B.6.1 - Fresh air

O B.6.1.1 - The volume of fresh air pumped into the passenger accommodation areas by the forced-air
ventilation system must comply with the values listed in Appendix H - page 23.

R B.6.1.2 - It is recommended that the volume of fresh air supplied to smoking areas be increased by
5 m3/h per seat.

O B.6.2 - Recycled air

B.6.2.1 - An air recycling system shall provide back-up climate control in the event of the fresh air
intake system being temporarily obstructed.

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Appendices

B.6.2.2 - Where coaches contain both smoking and non-smoking areas, the air for recycling shall be
drawn from the non-smoking area.

O B.6.3 - Ventilation of catering facilities

In non-cooled catering areas, the ventilation system shall ensure air renewal of 100 m3/h at a rating
of 1 kW.

To avoid odours spreading, food-preparation areas shall be maintained at a lower pressure level than
other areas in the same coach.

O B.6.4 - Ventilation of sanitary facilities

To ensure a change of air in WCs, air shall be supplied at a rate of at least 20 m3 per hour and per
toilet. To avoid odours spreading, WCs shall be maintained at a lower pressure level than the entrance
vestibules.

All air leaving the sanitary facilities shall be pumped straight out of the coach.

O B.6.5 - Ventilation of technical areas

Air expelled from technical equipment fitted on the coach (e.g. switch box) shall be pumped straight
out of the coach.

Air flow in technical areas (e.g. drivers cab) shall be kept at a lower pressure level to prevent any air
from escaping into the entrance vestibules or passenger accommodation.

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Appendices

Appendix C - Classification of countries into climate

zones
Table 1 : Winter climate zones

Winter Minimum temperature Countries

Zone I -10°C Great Britain, Greece, Portugal, Spain
Zone II -20°C Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Hezgovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Poland, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Romania, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland
Zone III -40°C Finland, Norway, Sweden

Table 2 : Summer climate zones

Maximum Solar heating

Relative
Summer outside equivalent Countries
humidity
temperature (En)
Zone I +40°C 40% 800 W/m2 Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Zone II +35°C 50% 700 W/m2 Albania, Austria, Belgium,

Bosnia-Hezgovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, France, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Poland,
former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia-
Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland
Zone III +28°C 45% 600 W/m2 Finland, Great Britain, Norway,
Sweden

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Appendices

Appendix D - Heat emission from a person, clothed

normally and seated

120
Heat W
emission P
110
Watts/person
Total
100 heat

90

Sensible
80 heat

70

60

50

40

30

20 Humid
heat
10

0
18 20 22 24 26

Mean ambient temperature Tim Tim

°C

Fig. 2 - Heat emission from a person

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Appendices

Appendix E - Curve for the theoretical ambient

temperature

Theoretical ambient temperature Tic

Mean outside temperature Tem

Fig. 3 - Curve for the theoretical ambient temperature

The curve for adjusting the room temperature as a function of the outside temperature shall be
specified by each railway; it shall be located within the zone indicated in the diagram above.

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Appendices

Appendix F - Air humidity in the comfort zone

Relative
humidity

Mean ambient temperature Tim

Fig. 4 - Air humidity in the comfort zone

The permissible comfort zone is within area I.

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Appendices

Appendix G - Permissible air velocity

Air
velocity

Mean ambient temperature Tim

Fig. 5 - Permissible air velocity

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Appendices

Appendix H - Fresh air intake as a function of outside

temperature (Te)

H.1 - Air-conditioned coaches

Minimum fresh air intake at +20°C

Outside temperature (Te)
and 50% humidity
Te ≤ -20°C 10 m3/h per seat or berth
-20°C < Te ≤ -5°C 15 m3/h per seat or berth
-5°C < Te ≤ +26°C 20 m3/h per seat or berth
Te > +26°C 15 m3/h per seat or berth

H.2 - Air-heated coaches

Minimum fresh air intake at +20°C

Outside temperature (Te)
and 50% humidity
Te ≤ -20°C 10 m3/h per seat or berth
-20°C < Te ≤ -5°C 15 m3/h per seat or berth
-5°C < Te < +20°C 20 m3/h per seat or berth
Te ≥ +20°C and Tim ≥ +24°C ≥20 m3/h per seat or berth

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Glossary

Admixed air Ambient air drawn from the room and recycled.

Air heating Combined ventilation and heating equipment.

Air intake Treated air fed into a room; may be topped up with admixed air.

Air supply Treated air fed in through ducts.

Air treatment device Equipment to transmit, filter and/or mix air and heat and/or cool it.

Air-conditioning equipment
Piece of equipment used for ventilation, and/or heating and cooling
and/or dehumidification.

Ambient air Air in a room.

Ambient temperature (Tir) Actual temperature of ambient air.

Ancillary rooms Areas in which passengers or staff may spend brief periods of time.

Catering facilities Area or room in which trained staff prepare and/or sell meals and drinks.

Climate control equipment

System used for ventilation and/or heating and/or cooling and/or
air-filtering.

Comfort An individual's feeling of well-being resulting from his/her air-conditioned

environment.

Comfort zone Area in compartments or saloons between 0,1 m and 1,7 m above floor
level and more than 0,2 m away from all walls and partitions.

Cooling unit Centralised or decentralised cooling equipment.

Cooling Process designed to reduce or maintain the ambient temperature.

Dehumidification Process designed to reduce the water content of ambient air.

Forced-air ventilation system

Mechanical air circulation system.

Heat transfer coefficient (k)

This is the heat flow per surface unit divided by the difference between
the reference temperatures in the coach areas separated by the
corresponding walls. It is expressed in W/m2K.
The k value takes account of the effectiveness of outer surface heat
insulation and the effect of air penetrating through doors, windows or
various apertures owing to draughts when the vehicle is moving. It may
refer to the entire vehicle or merely parts thereof.

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Heating Process designed to increase or maintain the ambient temperature.

Main heating unit or main bank of heaters

Centralised or decentralised system of heating elements used for
heating. May be combined with forced-air ventilation.

Mean ambient temperature (Tim)

Arithmetically calculated average ambient temperature at a height of
1,1 m above floor level (measured in accordance with the procedure in
UIC Leaflet 553-1).

Mean outside temperature (Tem)

Arithmetically calculated average outside temperature (measured in
accordance with the procedure in UIC Leaflet 553-1).

Mixed air Mixture of fresh and recycled air.

Outgoing air Air escaping out of a vehicle.

Outside or fresh air Air drawn in from the environment.

Pre-cooling Process designed to reduce the ambient temperature in unoccupied

coaches.

Pre-heating Process designed to increase the ambient temperature in unoccupied

coaches.

Recycled air Air drawn out of a room to be re-used.

Solar heating equivalent Total radiation per m2 on a surface normally exposed directly to the
radiation source. Radiation is emitted by a light source (equivalent to
natural solar radiation) at an angle of 30° to the horizontal axis.

Technical areas or installations

Areas or rooms in a railway vehicle subject to specific conditions, chiefly
in respect of the handling of waste air on account of the technical
installations they contain (e.g. switch boxes, driver's cabs).

Theoretical ambient temperature (Tic)

Stipulated temperature to be reached in a room.

Top-up heater Decentralised heater used to increase heat locally.

Treated air Air that might have been filtered in a treatment device and / or has been
subject to an energy exchange.

Ventilation Non-mechanical air circulation system.

Waste air Air escaping out of a coach.

Window transmission factor (τ)

This factor expresses the ratio of the energy flow penetrating though the
window panes into the coach interior to the energy flow within the coach.

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Bibliography

1. UIC leaflets

International Union of Railways (UIC)

UIC Leaflet 413: Measures to facilitate travel by rail, 9th edition, December 2000

UIC Leaflet 533: Protection by the earthing of metal parts of vehicles, 2nd edition of 1.1.77 and
4 Amendments (3rd edition in course of preparation)

UIC Leaflet 550: Power supply installations for passenger stock, 10th edition of 1.1.97 (11th edition in
course of preparation)

UIC Leaflet 550-1: Electrical switch cabinets on passenger stock, 1st edition of 1.1.90

UIC Leaflet 550-2: Power supply systems for passenger coaches - Type testing, 1st edition of 1.1.94

UIC Leaflet 552: Electric power supply for trains - Standard technical characteristics of the train bus,
9th edition of 1.1.97 (10th edition in course of preparation)

UIC Leaflet 553-1: Air-conditioning systems in coaches - Type tests, 1st edition of 1.1.92 (2nd edition
in course of preparation)

UIC Leaflet 556: Transmission of information in the train (train bus), New leaflet in course of
preparation

UIC Leaflet 557: Diagnostics on passenger rolling stock, 2nd edition of 1.1.98 (3rd edition in course of
preparation)

UIC Leaflet 563: Fittings provided in coaches in the interests of hygiene and cleanliness, 8th edition
of 1.1.90 and 4 Amendments

UIC Leaflet 565-1: Special design and fittings features of vehicles accepted for use in international
passenger night traffic, 3rd edition, April 2003

UIC Leaflet 567: General conditions for coaches, 1st edition of 1.1.91 and 5 Amendments (2nd edition
in course of preparation)

UIC Leaflet 660: Measures to ensure the technical compatibility of high-speed trains, 2nd edition,
August 2002

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2. European standards

European Committe for Standardization (CEN)

pr EN 13129-1:1998 : Railway applications - Air conditioning for main line rolling stock. Part 1: Comfort
parameters, 1998 (current version: EN 13129-1:2002)

pr EN 13129-2:1998 : Railway applications - Air conditioning for main line rolling stock. Part 2: Type
tests, 1998

EN 779:1993 : Particulate air filters for general ventilation. Requirement, testing, marking, 1993
(current version: EN 779:2002)

ENV 12 299:1999 : Railway applications - Ride comfort for passengers - Measurement and
evaluation, 1999

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 Warning

No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or distributed by any means whatsoever, including
electronic, except for private and individual use, without the express permission of the International Union of
Railways (UIC). The same applies for translation, adaptation or transformation, arrangement or reproduction by
any method or procedure whatsoever. The sole exceptions - noting the author's name and the source - are
"analyses and brief quotations justified by the critical, argumentative, educational, scientific or informative nature
of the publication into which they are incorporated".
(Articles L 122-4 and L122-5 of the French Intellectual Property Code).
 International Union of Railways (UIC) - Paris, 2004

Printed by the International Union of Railways (UIC)

16, rue Jean Rey 75015 Paris - France, February 2004
Dépôt Légal February 2004

ISBN 2-7461-0438-5 (French version)

ISBN 2-7461-0439-3 (German version)
ISBN 2-7461-0440-7 (English version)

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