Name:_______________________________Class:___________________Date:____________________

Assessment

Chapter Test A
Teacher Notes and Answers
Thermodynamics
CHAPTER TEST A (General)
1. b 20. Calculated efficiencies are based only on the
2. a amounts of energy transferred as heat to and
3. d from the engine. They do not take into
4. c account friction or thermal conduction
5. d within the engine, which cause energy to be
6. b dissipated by the engine. This makes real
7. a engines less efficient than their ideal
8. b counterparts.
9. c 21. Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a
10. c system.
11. b 22. In most systems, entropy increases with the
12. a spontaneous transfer of energy as heat,
13. c causing the systems to become more
14. c disordered. This process can be reversed,
15. Work is being done on the system (the and the system’s entropy can be decreased,
match and matchbook) to increase the only by transferring energy as heat from a
internal energy of the match. When the lower temperature to a higher temperature.
internal energy (temperature) of the match is This requires work to be done on the system.
high enough for combustion to occur, the 23. 5.9 × 105 J
chemicals in the match ignite. Given
16. The process is adiabatic, because no energy P =3.7 × 105 Pa
is transferred into or out of the system as ΔV =1.6 m3
heat. Work is done on the air in the system,€ Solution
which causes the internal energy of the air to
increase. W =PΔV =(3.7 × 105 Pa)(1.6 3m) =
€
17. No energy is transferred to or from an
isolated system. Therefore, the internal × 105 J
5.9
energy of an isolated system remains
unchanged.
18. In a cyclic process, the net work equals€ the
net heat.
19. The requirement that Qc > 0 means that
some energy must be transferred as heat to
the system’s surroundings, and therefore this
energy cannot be used by the engine to do
work.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Physics 1 Chapter Tests
 Name:_______________________________Class:___________________Date:____________________
24. 42 J, or 42 J transferred from 25.0.80
the system as heat Given
Given Qh =75 000 J
W =−165 J Qc =15 000 J
ΔU =123 J Solution
Solution
Work is done on the system, so W is
negative. € Qc
eff =1 −
€ Qh
ΔU =Q −W 15 000 J
Q =ΔU + W =123 J−165 J= eff =1 − =1 −0.20 =0.80
75 000 J
−42 J, or 42 J transferred from the
system as heat

€
€

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Physics 2 Chapter Tests
 Assessment

Thermodynamics
Chapter Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. What accounts for an increase in the temperature of a gas that is kept at
constant volume?
a. Energy has been removed as heat from the gas.
b. Energy has been added as heat to the gas.
c. Energy has been removed as work done by the gas.
d. Energy has been added as work done on the gas.

______ 2. An ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4 L. If the

pressure is constant, how much work is done by the system?
a. 0 J c. 8 J
b. 5 J d. 30 J

______ 3. What thermodynamic process for an ideal gas system has an

unchanging internal energy and a heat intake that corresponds to the
value of the work done by the system?
a. isovolumetric c. adiabatic
b. isobaric d. isothermal

______ 4. Which thermodynamic process takes place when work is done on or by

the system but no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat?
a. isovolumetric c. adiabatic
b. isobaric d. isothermal

______ 5. Which thermodynamic process takes place at a constant temperature so

that the internal energy of a system remains unchanged?
a. isovolumetric c. adiabatic
b. isobaric d. isothermal

______ 6. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the difference between

energy transferred to or from a system as heat and energy transferred to
or from a system by work is equivalent to which of the following?
a. entropy change c. volume change
b. internal energy change d. pressure change

______ 7. An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands

and does 20 J of work on its environment. What is the change in the
system’s internal energy?
a. 20 J c. 0 J
b. 5 J d. 20 J
 Chapter Test A continued

______ 8. An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands

and does 20 J of work on its environment. How much energy is
transferred to the system as heat?
a. 20 J c. 5 J
b. 0 J d. 20 J
______ 9. Which of the following is a thermodynamic process in which a system
returns to the same conditions under which it started?
a. an isovolumetric process c. a cyclic process
b. an isothermal process d. an adiabatic process
______10. How does a real heat engine differ from an ideal cyclic heat engine?
a. A real heat engine is not cyclic.
b. An ideal heat engine converts all energy from heat to work.
c. A real heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the
engine.
d. An ideal heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the
engine.
______11. The requirement that a heat engine must give up some energy at a
lower temperature in order to do work corresponds to which law of
thermodynamics?
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. No law of thermodynamics applies.
______12. An ideal heat engine has an efficiency of 50 percent. Which of the
following statements is not true?
a. The amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the energy added to
the engine as heat.
b. The amount of work done is half the energy added to the engine
as heat.
c. The amount of energy exhausted as heat is half the energy added to
the engine as heat.
d. The amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the work done.
______13. What occurs when a system’s disorder is increased?
a. No work is done.
b. No energy is available to do work.
c. Less energy is available to do work.
d. More energy is available to do work.
 Chapter Test A continued

______14. Imagine you could observe the individual atoms that make up a piece
of matter and that you observe the motion of the atoms becoming more
orderly. What can you assume about the system?
a. It is gaining thermal energy.
b. Its entropy is increasing.
c. Its entropy is decreasing.
d. Positive work is being done on the system.

SHORT ANSWER
15. A match is struck on a matchbook cover. How is energy transferred so that the
match can ignite and produce a flame?
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16. A mechanic pushes down very quickly on the plunger of an insulated pump.
The air hose is plugged so that no air escapes. What type of thermodynamic
process takes place? What type of energy transfer and change occurs?
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17. What is true of the internal energy of an isolated system?
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18. According to the conservation of energy, what is true about the net work and
net heat in a cyclic process?
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19. How does Qc > 0 relate to the second law of thermodynamics?
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 Chapter Test A continued

20. Explain why the efficiencies of real heat engines are always much less than the
calculated maximum efficiencies of ideal heat engines.
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21. What is entropy?
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22. Why must work be done to reduce entropy in most systems?
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PROBLEM
23. A container of gas is at a pressure of 3.7  105 Pa. How much work is done by
the gas if its volume expands by 1.6 m3?

24. A total of 165 J of work is done on a gaseous refrigerant as it undergoes

compression. If the internal energy of the gas increases by 123 J during the
process, what is the total amount of energy transferred as heat?

25. An engine adds 75 000 J of energy as heat and removes 15 000 J of energy as
heat. What is the engine’s efficiency?