Scribd
Upload
10 views2 pages

Notesssss For Igcse

Uploaded by

daniyaali311
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views2 pages

Notesssss For Igcse

Uploaded by

daniyaali311
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Faltu

Friday, 13 December 2024 9:09 pm

The cell structure is the organized arrangement of components within a cell, allowing it to perform
essential life functions. Cells are the basic units of life, and they vary in complexity between
prokaryotic (simple) and eukaryotic (complex) organisms. Here's an overview:

Prokaryotic Cell Structure


Prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacteria) are simple and lack membrane-bound organelles. Their structure
includes:
1. Cell Wall: Provides shape and protection.
2. Plasma Membrane: Controls the entry and exit of substances.
3. Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid where chemical reactions occur.
4. Nucleoid: Region containing circular DNA (no nucleus).
5. Ribosomes: Produce proteins.
6. Flagella: Tail-like structure for movement (not always present).
7. Pili/Fimbriae: Hair-like structures for attachment or DNA exchange.
8. Capsule: Outer protective layer (optional).

Eukaryotic Cell Structure


Eukaryotic cells (e.g., plant, animal, fungal cells) are more complex and have specialized organelles.
Key components include:
Common Features
1. Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable layer regulating substance exchange.
2. Nucleus: Contains DNA and controls cellular activities.
3. Cytoplasm: Fluid containing organelles.
4. Mitochondria: Produce energy (ATP) through respiration.
5. Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
○ Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes; synthesizes proteins.
○ Smooth ER: Produces lipids and detoxifies chemicals.
7. Golgi Apparatus: Packages and ships proteins and lipids.
8. Lysosomes: Break down waste (more common in animal cells).
9. Cytoskeleton: Provides shape and support.
Plant-Specific Features
1. Cell Wall: Made of cellulose for structure and support.
2. Chloroplasts: Conduct photosynthesis.
3. Large Central Vacuole: Stores water and nutrients.
Animal-Specific Features
1. Centrioles: Aid in cell division.
2. Smaller Vacuoles: Compared to plants, used for storage.

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells


Feature Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Nucleus Absent Present
Organelles Absent (except ribosomes) Membrane-bound organelles present
Size Smaller (1-10 µm) Larger (10-100 µm)
Example Organisms Bacteria, Archaea Plants, Animals, Fungi

Would you like to dive deeper into any specific organelle or comparison?

Quick Notes Page 1


4o

Quick Notes Page 2

You might also like