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Unit-II Set,Relations and functions

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Unit-II Set,Relations and functions

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tohid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Set, Relations and Functions

Ex.1) Let A is set of factors of positive integer m and relation is divisibility on A i.e. R =
{ (x, y) | x, y ∈ A, x divides y}. For m=45, Draw Hasse diagram and determine POSET (A, ≤)
is a lattice.
Solution: A = { 1,3,5,9,15,45}
R = { (1,1), (1,3), (1,5), (1,9), (1,15), (1,45), (3,3), (3,9), (3,15), (3,45),
(5,5), (5,15), (5,45), (9,9), (9,45), (15,15), (15,45), (45,45)}
For any pair of elements a, b ∈ A
lub {a,b}= lcm of a and b
glb {a,b} = gcd of a and b
For e.g. lub {3,5}= 15
And glb{3,5}=1
gcd 1 3 5 9 15 45
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 3 1 3 3 3
5 1 1 5 1 5 5
9 1 3 1 9 3 9
15 1 3 5 3 15 15
45 1 3 5 9 15 45

lcm 1 3 5 9 15 45
1 1 3 5 9 15 45
3 3 3 15 9 15 45
5 5 15 5 45 15 45
9 9 9 45 9 45 45
15 15 15 15 45 15 45
45 45 45 45 45 45 45

Hasse Diagram: 45

9
15

3
∴ (𝐴, ≤) is a lattice.
5

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Ex.2) Draw Hasse diagram of poset ({1,2,3,4,5}, |) and hence determine whether the given
poset is lattice.
Solution:
R = { (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,4)}
After removing reflexivity and transitivity
R = {(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (2,4)}
There is no upper bound for the pairs {2,3] and {3,5} 4
Hence least upper bound does not exist. 3 5 2
∴ 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑡 ({1,2,3,4,5}, |) is not lattice.

1
Ex.3) Draw Hasse diagram of poset ({1,2,4,8,16}, |) and hence determine whether the given
poset is lattice.
Ans: Yes
Ex.4) Draw Hasse diagram of poset ({0,1,2,3,4,5}, ≥) and hence determine whether the given
poset is lattice.
Ans: Yes
Ex.5) Draw Hasse diagram of poset ({1,2,3,5,7,11,13}, |) and hence determine whether the
given poset is lattice.
Ans: No.

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