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P.S.N.A. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS2321 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

UNIT – II REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICATION

PART-A
1. What is requirement engineering?
Requirement engineering is the process of establishing the services that the customer requires
from the system and the constraints under which it operates and is developed.

2. What are the various types of traceability in software engineering?

i. Source traceability – These are basically the links from requirement to stakeholders
ii. Requirements traceability – These are links between dependant requirements.
iii. Design traceability – These are links from requirements to design.

3. Define software prototyping.

Software prototyping is defined as a rapid software development for validating the requirements.

4. What are the benefits of prototyping?

i. Prototype serves as a basis for deriving system specification.
ii. Design quality can be improved.
iii. System can be maintained easily.
iv. Development efforts may get reduced.
v. System usability can be improved.

5. What are the prototyping approaches in software process?

i. Evolutionary prototyping – the initial prototype is prepared and it is then refined through
number of stages to final stage.
ii. Throw-away prototyping – a rough practical implementation of the system is produced. The
requirement problems can be identified from this implementation.

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6. What are the advantages of evolutionary prototyping?

i. Fast delivery of the working system.
ii. User is involved while developing the system.
iii. More useful system can be delivered.
iv. Specification, design and implementation work in co-ordinate manner.

7. What are the various Rapid prototyping techniques?

i. Dynamic high level language development.
ii. Database programming.
iii. Component and application assembly.

8. What is the use of User Interface prototyping?

This prototyping is used to pre-specify the look and feel of user interface in an effective way.

9. What are the characteristics of SRS?

i. Correct – The SRS should be made up to date when appropriate requirements are identified. ii.
Unambiguous – When the requirements are correctly understood then only it is possible to write
an unambiguous software.
iii. Complete – To make SRS complete, it should be specified what a software designer wants to
create software.
iv. Consistent – It should be consistent with reference to the functionalities identified.
v. Specific – The requirements should be mentioned specifically.
vi. Traceable – What is the need for mentioned requirement?

10. What is data modeling?

Data modeling is the basic step in the analysis modeling. In data modeling the data objects are
examined independently of processing. The data model represents how data are related with one
another.

11. What are functional requirements?

Functional requirements are” statements of services the system should provide how the system
should react to particular input and how the system should behave in particular situation.

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12. What are non functional requirements?

Non functional requirements are constraints on the services or functions offered by the system
such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc

13. What is the outcome of feasibility study?

The outcome of feasibility study is the results obtained from the following questions:
 which system contributes to organizational objectives?
whether the system can be engineered? Is it within the budget?
whether the system can be integrated with other existing system?

14.What is meant by System Requirements?

Set out the system services and constraints in detail.
Serves as a contract between the system buyer & the system developer.

15.What are the types of Software system requirements?

Functional requirements: Services the system should provide.
Non-functional requirements: Constraints on the services.
Domain requirements: reflect characteristics of the domain.

16.Write down the functional requirement for an Library management system.

The user should able to search either all of the initial set of databases or select a
subset of databases or select subset from it.
The system shall provide appropriate viewers for the user to read documents in
the document store.
Every order shall be allocated a unique identifier.

17.Mention some of the Notations for requirements specification.

Structured natural language: Use standard form or Templates.
Design description language: Programming language is used.
Graphical notation: Text annotations is used.
Mathematical Specifications: Based on finite state machines or sets.

18.What is meant by System Requirements?

Set out the system services and constraints in detail.
Serves as a contract between the system buyer & the system developer.

19.What are the types of Software system requirements?

Functional requirements: Services the system should provide.
Non-functional requirements: Constraints on the services.
Domain requirements: reflect characteristics of the domain.

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20.Write down the functional requirement for an Library management system.

The user should able to search either all of the initial set of databases or select a
subset of databases or select subset from it.
The system shall provide appropriate viewers for the user to read documents in
the document store.
Every order shall be allocated a unique identifier.

21.Mention some of the Notations for requirements specification.

Structured natural language: Use standard form or Templates.
Design description language: Programming language is used.
Graphical notation: Text annotations is used.
Mathematical Specifications: Based on finite state machines or sets.

22.Mention some of the process activities of Requirement Elicitation & analysis.

Domain Understanding
Requirement Collection
Classification
Conflict resolution
Prioritization
Requirement Checking

23.What are the principle stages of VORD method?

Viewpoint identification: Identify the services provided to each viewpoint.
Viewpoint structuring: Grouping related viewpoints in to hierarchy.
Viewpoint documentation: Refining the description
Viewpoint system mapping: Identify objects in OOD

24.What are the different types of checks carried out during Requirement Validation?
Validity checks
Consistency checks
Completeness checks
Realism checks
Verifiability

25. What is meant by structural analysis?

The structural analysis is mapping of problem domain to flows and transformations. The system
can be modeled by using Entity Relationship diagram, Data flow diagram and Control flow
diagrams.

26. What is ERD?

Entity Relationship Diagram is the graphical representation of the object relationship pair. It is
mainly used in database applications.

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27. What is DFD?

Data Flow Diagram depicts the information flow and the transforms that are applied on the data
as it moves from input to output.

28. What does Level0 DFD represent?

Level 0 DFD is called as „fundamental system model‟ or „context model‟. In the context model
the entire software system is represented by a single bubble with input and output indicated by
incoming and outgoing arrows.

29. What is a state transition diagram?

State transition diagram is basically a collection of states and events. The events cause the
system to change its state. It also represents what actions are to be taken on the occurrence of
particular event.

30. Define Data Dictionary.

The data dictionary can be defined as an organized collection of all the data elements of the
system with precise and rigorous definitions so that user and system analyst will have a common
understanding of inputs, outputs, components of stores and intermediate calculations.

31. What are the elements of Analysis model?

i. Data Dictionary
ii. Entity Relationship Diagram
iii. Data Flow Diagram
iv. State Transition Diagram
v. Control Specification
vi. Process specification.

32. What is a data object?

Data object is a collection of attributes that act as an aspect, characteristic, quality, or descriptor
of the object.

33. What are attributes?

Attributes are the one, which defines the properties of data object.

34. What is cardinality in data modeling?

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Cardinality in data modeling, cardinality specifies how the number of occurrences of one object
is related to the number of occurrences of another object.

35. What does modality in data modeling indicates?

Modality indicates whether or not a particular data object must participate in the relationship

PART-B

1.Explain the different types of software requirements

2.Discuss the feasibility study in detail.

3.Prepare a SRS for for “Online Railway Reservation system”.

4.Develop the On line shopping application and explain the requirement specification, analysis
and design .
5.Prepare a SRS document for “Library management system”.
6.Explain the Requirement Engineering Process activities in detail.
7.Describe about data dictionary with an example.
8.Dicuss in detail about Petri nets with an example.

9.The Railway Reservation System will provide the available Train-list, and Seat-availability, via-
details. If a passenger wants to reserve ticket(s), firstly, he/she has to log in to the Railway system
with valid credentials. Then, the passenger has to provide his/her details with the date of the
journey, names of the passengers and their details, origin station details, destination station details,
and the class type of the required ticket(s). Develop an “Online Railway Reservation System”.
Prepare the Software Requirement Specification for the system.

10.A Library Management System is a software built to handle the primary housekeeping
functions of a library. Libraries rely on library management systems to manage asset collections as
well as relationships with their members. Library management systems help libraries keep track of
the books and their checkouts, as well as members’ subscriptions and profiles. It also involve
maintaining the database for entering new books and recording books that have been borrowed
with their respective due dates.Elaborate the Software Requirement Specification for “Library
management system”.

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11.Online food ordering software can prove highly beneficial for restaurants by managing all of
their online orders in one place and providing customers with a quick and delightful delivery
experience. Develop a Software Requirement Specification for “Online Restaurant System
Elaborate the need of this project in detail.

12. University data base build a for University to Store the Student as well as Employee Data. It
also stores the following information such as Courses and Their Prerequisite .Instructor's, Courses,
Section, Semester Info,Students, Classes, Semester, Grades,Classes, Location, Semester,Employee
Benefits Student Major's & Minor's Information and many more such relations.Develop a
Architecture design,Data flow diagram, control flow diagram, State transition diagram,ER
diagram for university database system

Dr.D.M.D.Preethi-ASP/CSE