P.S.N.A.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS2321 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

UNIT-I - SOFTWARE PRCOESS

PART-A

1.What is meant by Software Engineering?

The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the
development, operation & maintenance of software .(ie)The application of Engineering to
Software.

2.What are the characteristics of Software?

Software is engineered or developed, it is not manufactured in the classical sense.
Software doesn’t wear out.
Although the industry is moving toward component based assembly, most software
continues to be custom built.

3.What are the phases of Problem solving Loop?

Problem definition identifies the problem to be solved.
Technical developmentSolve the Problem through some Technology.
Solution Integration Delivers the result
Status Quo Represents the Current status affairs.

4.List out the activities of Linear Sequential Model.

Software requirement analysis Understand the nature of the problem,
information domain, function etc.
Design Translates the requirement in to Software representation.
Code generation Translates design in to Machine-readable form.
Testing Test the Logical internals functional externals of the System.
5.Mention some of the drawbacks of RAD model.
Not suitable for large-scale projects.
Commitment of developers & customers are needed.
Not appropriate when technical risks are high.

6.What are the types of changes encountered during the Support phase?
Correction – To uncover defects in the Software
Adaptation – To accommodate changes to its environment
Enhancement – To provide additional functionalities.
Prevention — To serve the needs of its end users.

7.Define Software Lifecycle.

Software Lifecycle is the period of time beginning with the concept for a
Software product ending whenever the Software is no longer available for use.
SLC = SLCM + Activities.

8.Define Verification &Validation.

Verification: The set of activities that ensure that software correctly implements a
specific function.
Validation: The set of activities that ensure that the software has been built is
traceable to customer requirements.

9. What is Software?
Software is nothing but a collection of computer programs that are related documents that are
indented to provide desired features, functionalities and better performance.

10. What are the umbrella activities of a software engineering process?

1. Software project management
2. Formal technical reviews
3. Software quality assurance
4. Software configuration management
5. Work product preparation and production
6. Reusability management
7. Measurement
 8. Risk management

11. What are the characteristics of the software?

* Software is engineered, not manufactured. * Software does not wear out. * Most software is
custom built rather than being assembled from components.

12. What are the various categories of software?

* System software * Application software * Engineering/Scientific software * Embedded
software.

13. Define software process.

Software process is defined as the structured set of activities that are required to develop the
software system.

14. What are the fundamental activities of a software process?

* Specification * Design and implementation * Validation * Evolution

15. What are the challenges in software?

* Copying with legacy systems
* Heterogeneity challenge
* Delivery times challenge

16. What are the merits of incremental model?

i) The incremental model can be adopted when there is less number of people involved in the
project.
ii) Technical risks can be managed with each increment.
iii) For a very small time span, at least core product can be delivered to the customer.

17. List the task regions in the Spiral model.

* Customer communication - it is suggested to establish customer communication.
* Planning – All planning activities are carried out
* Risk analysis – The tasks required to calculate technical and management risks.
* Engineering – tasks required to build one or more representations of applications
* Construct and release – tasks required to construct, test, install the applications
* Customer evaluation - tasks are performed and implemented at installation stage based on
the customer evaluation.

18. What are the drawbacks of spiral model?

i) It is based on customer communication. If the communication is not proper then the
software product that gets developed will not be the up to the mark.
ii) It demands considerable risk assessment. If the risk assessment is done properly then only
the successful product can be obtained.

19. What is System Engineering?

System Engineering means designing, implementing, deploying and operating systems which
include hardware, software and people.

20. List the process maturity levels in SEIs CMM.

Level 1: Initial - Few processes are defined and individual efforts are taken.
Level 2: Repeatable – To track cost schedule and functionality basic project management
processes are established.
Level 3: Defined – The process is standardized, documented and followed
Level 4: Managed – Both the software process and product are quantitatively understood and
controlled using detailed measures.
Level 5: Optimizing – Establish mechanisms to plan and implement change.

21. What does Verification represent?

Verification represents the set of activities that are carried out to confirm that the software
correctly implements the specific functionality.

22. What does Validation represent?

Validation represents the set of activities that ensure that the software that has been built is
satisfying the customer requirements.
23. What are the steps followed in testing?
1) Unit testing - The individual components are tested in this type of testing.
2) Module testing – Related collection of independent components are tested.
3) Sub-system testing –Various modules are integrated into a subsystem and the whole
subsystem is tested.
4) System testing – The whole system is tested in this system.
5) Acceptance testing – This type of testing involves testing of the system with customer
data.

24.Write the difference between between spiral and win-win spiral?

Win-win spiral
Customer wins by Getting the system or product that satisfies the majority of the
customer’s needs. Developer wins by Working to realistic and achievable budgets and
deadlines.
Spiral:
Developer and customer can understand & react to risks at each evolutionary level. So
that errors can be minimized

24. What is the use of CMM?

Capability Maturity Model is used in assessing how well an organization’s processes allow to
complete and manage new software projects.

25.What is meant by relationship between people and effort .

Adding people to a project after it is behind schedule often causes the schedule to slip
further.The relationship between the number of people on a project and overall productivity is
not linear (e.g. 3 people do not produce 3 times the work of 1 person, if the people have to
work in cooperation with one another) .The main reasons for using more than 1 person on a
project are to get the job done more rapidly and to improve software quality

26. Name the Evolutionary process Models.

i. Incremental model ii. Spiral model iii. WIN-WIN spiral model iv. Concurrent Development

27. What is meant by Software engineering paradigm?

The development strategy that encompasses the process, methods and tools and generic
phases is often referred to as a process model or software engineering paradigm.
28. Define dynamic verification?
Dynamic verification is performed during the execution of software and dynamically checks
its behavior.

29. Define static verification?

Static verification is a process to check some requirements of software doing a physical
inspection of it. Example: software metric calculation.

30. Define Earned value analysis.

Earned Value Analysis is a technique of performing quantitative analysis of the software
project. It provides a common value scale for every task of software project. It acts as a
measure for software project progress.

PART-B

1. Discuss in detail about the software process with neat diagram.

2. Explain in detail about Water fall model with illustrations.
3. Neatly explain the following process models and write their advantages and
disadvantages.
(i)Spiral Model
(ii) Rapid Application Development Model
4. Explain in detail any of the evolutionary model and mention its merits and demerits
5. Describe the comparisons between the life cycle models
6. Discuss in detail the object oriented model with an example
7. Discuss spiral model with respect to software requirements .
8. Elaborate about the verification and validation process in detail.