1.

​ Using logic to represent and reason we can represent knowledge about the world
with facts and rules.​
a) True​
b) False

Answer: a

2.​ Uncertainty arises in the wumpus world because the agent’s sensors give only
___________​
a) Full & Global information​
b) Partial & Global Information​
c) Partial & local Information​
d) Full & local information

Answer: c​
Explanation: The Wumpus world is a grid of squares surrounded by walls, where each
square can contain agents and objects. The agent (you) always starts in the lower left
corner, a square that will be labeled [1, 1]. The agent’s task is to find the gold, return to [1,
1] and climb out of the cave. So uncertainty is there as the agent gives partial and local
information only. Global variable are not goal specific problem solving.

3.​ A Hybrid Bayesian network contains ___________​

a) Both discrete and continuous variables​
b) Only Discrete variables​
c) Only Discontinuous variable​
d) Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable

Answer: a​
Explanation: To specify a Hybrid network, we have to specify two new kinds of distributions:
the conditional distribution for continuous variables given discrete or continuous parents,
and the conditional distribution for a discrete variable given continuous parents.

4.​ How is Fuzzy Logic different from conventional control methods?​

a) IF and THEN Approach​
b) FOR Approach​
c) WHILE Approach​
d) DO Approach
Answer: a​
Explanation: FL incorporates a simple, rule-based IF X AND Y THEN Z approach to a
solving control problem rather than attempting to model a system mathematically.

5.​ If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact it is negative, we call it

___________​
a) A consistent hypothesis​
b) A false negative hypothesis​
c) A false positive hypothesis​
d) A specialized hypothesis

Answer: c​
Explanation: Consistent hypothesis go with examples, If the hypothesis says it should be
negative but in fact it is positive, it is false negative. If a hypothesis says it should be
positive, but in fact it is negative, it is false positive. In a specialized hypothesis we need to
have certain restrict or special conditions.

6.​ The primitives in probabilistic reasoning are random variables.​

a) True​
b) False

Answer: a​
Explanation: The primitives in probabilistic reasoning are random variables. Just like
primitives in Propositional Logic are propositions. A random variable is not in fact a variable,
but a function from a sample space S to another space, often the real numbers.

7.​ Which is true for Decision theory?​

a) Decision Theory = Probability theory + utility theory​
b) Decision Theory = Inference theory + utility theory​
c) Decision Theory = Uncertainty + utility theory​
d) Decision Theory = Probability theory + preference

Answer: c​
Explanation: The Wumpus world is a grid of squares surrounded by walls, where each
square can contain agents and objects. The agent (you) always starts in the lower left
corner, a square that will be labeled [1, 1]. The agent’s task is to find the gold, return to [1,
1] and climb out of the cave. So uncertainty is there as the agent gives partial and local
information only. Global variable are not goal specific problem solving.
 8.​ A constructive approach in which no commitment is made unless it is necessary to
do so is ___________​
a) Least commitment approach​
b) Most commitment approach​
c) Nonlinear planning​
d) Opportunistic planning

Answer: a​
Explanation: Because we are not sure about the outcome.

9.​ How many issues are available in describing degree of belief?​

a) 1​
b) 2​
c) 3​
d) 4
Answer: b​
Explanation: The main issues for degree of belief are nature of the sentences and
the dependance of degree of the belief.

10.​ What is used for probability theory sentences?​

a) Conditional logic​
b) Logic​
c) Extension of propositional logic​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c​
Explanation: The version of probability theory we present uses an extension of
propositional logic for its sentences.

11.​ Where does the dependance of experience is reflected in prior probability

sentences?​
a) Syntactic distinction​
b) Semantic distinction​
c) Both Syntactic & Semantic distinction​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a​
Explanation: The dependance on experience is reflected in the syntactic distinction
between prior probability statements.
 12.​ Where does the degree of belief is applied?​
a) Propositions​
b) Literals​
c) Variables​
d) Statements

Answer: a

13.​ How many formal languages are used for stating propositions?​
a) 1​
b) 2​
c) 3​
d) 4

Answer: b​
Explanation: The two formal languages used for stating propositions are propositional logic
and first-order logic.

14.​ What is the basic element of a language?​

a) Literal​
b) Variable​
c) Random variable​
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c​
Explanation: The basic element for a language is the random variable, which can be
thought as a part of world and its status is initially unknown.

15.​ How many types of random variables are available?​

a) 1​
b) 2​
c) 3​
d) 4

Answer: c​
Explanation: The three types of random variables are boolean, discrete and continuous.
 16.​ Which is the complete specification of the state of the world?​
a) Atomic event​
b) Complex event​
c) Simple event​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a​
Explanation: An atomic event is the complete specification of the state of the world about
which the event is uncertain.

17.​ Which variable cannot be written in entire distribution as a table?​

a) Discrete​
b) Continuous​
c) Both Discrete & Continuous​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b​
Explanation: For continuous variables, it is not possible to write out the entire distribution as
a table.

18.​ What is meant by probability density function?​

a) Probability distributions​
b) Continuous variable​
c) Discrete variable​
d) Probability distributions for Continuous variables

Answer: d

19.​ How many terms are required for building a bayes model?​
a) 1​
b) 2​
c) 3​
d) 4

Answer: c​
Explanation: The three required terms are a conditional probability and two unconditional
probability.
 20.​ What is needed to make probabilistic systems feasible in the world?​
a) Reliability​
b) Crucial robustness​
c) Feasibility​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b​
Explanation: On a model-based knowledge provides the crucial robustness needed to make
probabilistic system feasible in the real world.

21.​ Where does the bayes rule can be used?​

a) Solving queries​
b) Increasing complexity​
c) Decreasing complexity​
d) Answering probabilistic query

Answer: d​
Explanation: Bayes rule can be used to answer the probabilistic queries conditioned on one
piece of evidence.

22.​ What does the bayesian network provides?​

a) Complete description of the domain​
b) Partial description of the domain​
c) Complete description of the problem​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a​
Explanation: A Bayesian network provides a complete description of the domain.

23.​ How the entries in the full joint probability distribution can be calculated?​
a) Using variables​
b) Using information​
c) Both Using variables & information​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b​
Explanation: Every entry in the full joint probability distribution can be calculated from the
information in the network.
 24.​ How the bayesian network can be used to answer any query?​
a) Full distribution​
b) Joint distribution​
c) Partial distribution​
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b​
Explanation: If a bayesian network is a representation of the joint distribution, then it can
solve any query, by summing all the relevant joint entries.

25.​ How the compactness of the bayesian network can be described?​

a) Locally structured​
b) Fully structured​
c) Partial structure​
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a​
Explanation: The compactness of the bayesian network is an example of a very general
property of a locally structured system.

26.​ To which does the local structure is associated?​

a) Hybrid​
b) Dependant​
c) Linear​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c​
Explanation: Local structure is usually associated with linear rather than exponential growth
in complexity.

27.​ Which condition is used to influence a variable directly by all the others?​
a) Partially connected​
b) Fully connected​
c) Local connected​
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
 28.​ What is the consequence between a node and its predecessors while creating
bayesian network?​
a) Functionally dependent​
b) Dependant​
c) Conditionally independent​
d) Both Conditionally dependant & Dependant

Answer: c​
Explanation: The semantics to derive a method for constructing bayesian networks were led
to the consequence that a node can be conditionally independent of its predecessors.