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EEE 4352 Lecture 10

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24 views19 pages

EEE 4352 Lecture 10

Uploaded by

Johnson Chisanga
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EEE 4352 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Mr. Boyd Munkombwe


Engineering Annex Board Room
Cell: (+260)-968315273/50435239/72860920
Email: [email protected]

MEng in Power Electronics and Motor Control (Southeast; China, 2020)


BEng in Electrical Power System and Machines (UNZA; January, 2017)
LECTURE 2.4

POLYPHASE INDUCTION MCHINE

2
Rotor emf

Let,

𝑘𝑤1 = winding factor


𝑇1 = No. of turns/phase of stator winding
𝜙𝑚 = maximum value of flux
𝑓 = stator or supply frequency
• The stator induced emf per phase is • Transformation ratio (K)
given by the relation;
𝐸2𝑠 4.44𝑘𝑤2 𝑇2 𝑓𝜙𝑚 𝑇2
𝐸1 = 4.44𝑘𝑤1 𝑇1 𝑓𝜙𝑚 = =
𝐸1 4.44𝑘𝑤1 𝑇1 𝑓𝜙𝑚 𝑇1

• The rotor induced emf/phase • Induced emf in the rotor under


running condition,
𝐸2 = 4.44𝑘𝑤2 𝑇2 𝑓𝑟 𝜙𝑚
𝐸2 = 4.44𝑘𝑤2 𝑇2 𝑓𝑟 𝜙𝑚
• At stand still or start, 𝑓𝑟 = 𝑓 Then,

𝐸2𝑠 = 4.44𝑘𝑤2 𝑇2 𝑓𝜙𝑚 𝐸2 = 4.44𝑘𝑤2 𝑇2 𝑆𝑓 𝜙𝑚 = 𝑆𝐸2𝑠


Rotor Parameters
Rotor Resistance • Rotor reactance, 𝑋2
• The resistance of rotor winding is
𝑋2 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑟 𝐿2 = 2𝜋 𝑆𝑓 𝐿2
𝑙
𝑅=𝜌
𝑎 • At standstill/start, 𝑆 = 1
• 𝑅 value remains constant and is 𝑋2𝑠 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿2
denoted by 𝑅2 .
Hence,
𝑋2 = 2𝜋 𝑆𝑓 𝐿2 = 𝑆𝑋2𝑠
Rotor Reactance

• Leakages flux: Rotor flux which does


not link with the stator winding.
• Leakages flux develops leakage
inductance (𝐿2 ).
Fig. 6.11 Rotor leakage flux
Rotor Impedance Rotor Current

𝒁2 = 𝑅2 + 𝑗𝑋2 = 𝑅2 + 𝑗𝑆𝑋2𝑠 𝐸2 𝑆𝐸2𝑠


𝐼2 = =
𝑍2 𝑅2 2 + 𝑆𝑋2𝑠 2

𝑍2 = 𝑅2 2 + 𝑆𝑋2𝑠 2
𝐸2𝑠
𝐼2 =
𝑅2 /𝑆 2 + 𝑋2𝑠 2
Thus,

Fig. 6.12 Rotor equivalent circuit


Fig. 6.13 Rotor equivalent circuit
𝑅2 1−𝑆 Power Factor
= 𝑅2 + 𝑅2
𝑆 𝑆
𝑅2 𝑅2
cos 𝜙2 = =
1−𝑆 𝑍2 𝑅2 2 + 𝑆𝑋2𝑠 2
• 𝑅2 is fictitious resistance
𝑆
representing load (𝑅𝐿 ) 𝑅2 /𝑆
cos 𝜙2 =
𝑅2 /𝑆 2 + 𝑋2𝑠 2
• Thus, electrical power converted
into mechanical power

𝟐 1−𝑆
= 𝐼2 𝑅2 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡
𝑆
Example
The resistance and stand-still reactance per phase of a 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz
induction motor is 0.2 ohm and 2 ohm respectively. The rotor is connected in star and
emf induced between the sliprings at start is 80 V. If at full-load motor is running at a
speed of 1440 rpm, calculate
(i) The slip,
(ii) Rotor induced emf per phase,
(iii) The rotor current and power factor under running condition and
(iv) Rotor current and p.f. at standstill when the sliprings are short circuited
(v) Rotor current and p.f. at standstill when the Sliprings are connected to a star-
connected rheostat of 3 ohm per phase.
Stator Parameters
• The stator winding of the motor has resistance 𝑅1
• The flux produced by stator winding linking with its own turns only produces
leakage reactance 𝑋1
• When the established mutual flux links with the stator winding it produces self-
induced emf 𝐸1

𝐸1 = 𝑉ഥ1 − 𝐼ഥ1 𝑅1 + 𝑋1
Induction Motor on No-load
• When stator is connected to 3-phase supply, it draws a very small
current called no-load current 𝐼0 .

𝐼ഥ0 = 𝐼𝑤ҧ + I𝑚𝑎𝑔


ҧ
Where,

• 𝐼𝑤ҧ is the working component, it supplies the stator iron losses and in
phase with the supply voltage.
• 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔 is the magnetising component, produces the mutual flux which
links with stator and rotor winding and induces 𝐸1 and 𝐸2𝑠 and lags
the supply voltage by 90o.
• Thus, considering 𝐸1 = 𝑉ഥ1 − 𝐼ഥ1 𝑅1 + 𝑋1 and 𝐼ഥ0 = 𝐼𝑤 + 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔

Fig. 6.14 Induction motor at no-load


Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
• When load is applied on the induction motor its speed decreases slightly and slip
increases. Thus rotor current I 2 increases. Simultaneously, to meet with this load,
motor draws extra current from the supply mains similar to that of a transformer.

Fig. 6.15 Induction motor circuit


Fig. 6.16 Equivalent circuit of induction motor
Fig. 6.17 Complete phasor diagram
of an induction motor
Simplified Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
▪ To simplify the circuit, all the quantities which are represented on the rotor side
can be referred to the stator side.

Fig. 6.18 Simplified equivalent circuit (all quantities referred to stator side)
• The equivalent circuit of an induction motor can further be simplified as shown
below

Fig. 6.19 Simplified equivalent circuit of an induction motor referred to stator side
Power Flow Diagram

Fig. 6.20 Power flow diagram

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