1. Answers may vary.

Sample: Piecewise-defined functions are good models

when the conditions, such as the rate of change, vary over different
intervals of the domain. For example, absolute values can be used to
model situations where an object is moving at a constant speed in straight
line toward a fixed point and then continues past the fixed point. The rate
of the distance from the fixed point over time is negative and then
becomes positive. An example for step functions, such as a floor or ceiling
function, might involve constant rates of change for different intervals.

2. The axis of symmetry intersects the vertex, and divides the graph into two
congruent halves that are images of each other under a reflection.

3. The ceiling function rounds numbers up to the nearest integer.

4. A(n) absolute value function has an algebraic expression with absolute

value symbols.

5. A(n) piecewise-defined function is described by more than one equation.

6. yes; f (11) = |8| = 8. Since the graph is symmetric about the y-axis, another
point with the same y-coordinate is (–8, 8).

7. yes; f (11) = |−5| = 5. Since the graph is symmetric about the y-axis, another
point with the same y-coordinate is (5, 5).

8. no; f (−3.5) = |−3.5| = 3.5 ≠ −3.5

9. The graph of h is the vertical stretch of f (x ) = |x | by a factor of 2.5 followed

by a reflection across the x-axis.

domain: all real numbers; range: y ≤ 0

10. The graph of h is the vertical compression of f (x ) = |x | by a factor of 1
.
3

domain: all real numbers; range: y ≤ 0

11. The vertex is (0, 0). Since a = –6.3 < 0, the graph opens downward so the
vertex is a maximum.

12. The vertex is (0, 0). Since a = 7 > 0, the graph opens upward so the vertex
is a minimum.

13. Observe the domain, range and vertex from the given graph.

domain: all real numbers: range: y ≤ 0; Vertex: (0, 3)

14. The graph has two pieces that meet at the vertex (0, 0). Each piece is part
of a line. When x ≥ 0, the rule is f(x) = 4x. When x < 0, the rule is f(x) = –4x.

4x , x ≥ 0
f (x ) = {
−4x , x < 0

15. The graph has two pieces that meet at the vertex (0, 0). Each piece is part
of a line. When x ≥ 0, the rule is f(x) = –2x. When x < 0, the rule is f(x) = 2x.

−2x , x ≥ 0
f (x ) = {
2x , x < 0
16. Graph each piece of the function for the given interval of the domain.

x + 1, x < −1
f (x ) = { 1
x − 2, − 1 ≤ x
2

The graph is increasing on the interval x < –1 and increasing on the interval
x ≥ –1.

17. Graph each piece of the function for the given interval of the domain.

−x + 4, − 2 < x ≤ 3
f (x ) = {
x − 2, 3 < x

The graph is increasing on the interval x > 3 and decreasing on the interval
–2 < x ≤ 3.

18. The student reversed the signs of the function for each piece and did not
include the point x = 0 in the domain. The correct piecewise function
should be:

5x , x < 0
f (x ) = {
− 5x , x ≥ 0
19. First, find the rule over the interval x < 0. Use the points (–3, 0) and (0, 5) to
find the slope on the interval.

5−0 5
m = =
0−(−3) 3

The use the point-slope form to find the rule.

5
y − 0 = (x + 3)
3

5
y = x + 5
3

Next, find the rule over the interval x ≥ 0. Use the points (0, 3) and (4, 0) to
find the slope on the interval.

0−3 3
m = = −
4−0 4

The use the point-slope form to find the rule.

3
y − 0 = − (x − 4)
4

3
y = − x + 3
4

The piecewise-defined function is:

5
⎧
⎪ x + 5, x < 0
3
f (x ) = ⎨
3
⎩
⎪− x + 3, x ≥ 0
4

20. Write the rule for 0 to 10 rings:

f (x ) = 35x + 5

Write the rule for over 10 rings:

f (x ) = 30x

Combine the rules to write a function that represents the situation.

35x + 5, 0 ≤ x ≤ 10
f (x ) = {
30x , x > 10

21. f (7.03) = ⌈7.03⌉ = 8

22. f (2.6) = ceiling(2.6) = 3

23. f (6.1) = ⌊6.1⌋ = 6

24. f (0.08) = floor(0.8) = 0

25. Graph the function from the table.

Observe that the graph is the graph of the ceiling function shifted up by 5
units.

f (x ) = ⌈x ⌉ + 5

26. Graph the function from the table.

Observe that the length of the interval for each step is 2. And that the
graph appears to be the graph of the ceiling function reflected across the x-
axis and shifted down by 1 unit.

x
f (x ) = − ⌈ ⌉ − 1
2
27. Make a table of values.

Graph the function from the table.

28. Make a table of values.

Graph the function from the table.

29. Each step is an interval of 12 eggs.

1, 0 < x ≤ 12

⎧ 2, 12 < x ≤ 24
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪ 3 24 < x ≤ 36
⎪ ,
⎪
f (x ) =
⎨ 4, 36 < x ≤ 48
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪ 5, 48 < x ≤ 60
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎩
⎪
6, 60 < x ≤ 72

This function is like a ceiling function because you have to round up to the
nearest full dozen eggs to get the number of cartons needed.
30. The graph of g (x ) = a |x − h| + k has vertex (h, k).

For g (x ) = |x | + 4, h = 0 and k = 4. The vertex is (0, 4).

31. The graph of g (x ) = a |x − h| + k has vertex (h, k).

For g (x ) = |x − 2|, h = 2 and k = 0. The vertex is (2, 0).

32. The graph of g (x ) = a |x − h| + k has vertex (h, k).

For g (x ) = |x + 1| − 2, h = –1 and k = –2. The vertex is (–1, –2).

33. The graph of g (x ) = a |x − h| + k has vertex (h, k).

For g (x ) = |x − 3| + 1, h = 3 and k = 1. The vertex is (3, 1).

34. The graph of g is a vertical stretch of the graph of f by a factor of 2 and

translated 6 units left and 1 unit down.

35. The graph of g is a reflection across the x-axis of the graph of f, translated 2
units right and 1 unit down.

36. The graph of g is a vertical compression of the graph of f by a factor of 0.5,

reflected across the x-axis and translated 4 units up.

37. The graph of g is a vertical stretch of the graph of f by a factor of 3

,
2

translated 1 unit right and 8 units up.

38. The function g has the form g (x ) = a |x − h| + k . The vertex is located at (–3,
–2), so h = −3 and k = −2. The graph is vertical compression of the graph of

the absolute value function f(x) = |x| by a factor of 0.5 and reflected across
the x-axis, so a = –0.5.

g (x ) = −0.5 |x + 3| − 2

39. The function g has the form g (x ) = a |x − h| + k . The vertex is located at (4,
3), so h = 4 and k = 3. The graph is vertical stretch of the graph of the
absolute value function f(x) = |x| by a factor of 3 with no reflection across
the x-axis, so a = 3.

g (x ) = 3 |x − 4| + 3

40. The graph of f (x ) = a |x − h| + k has vertex (h, k). Let h = 2, k = –1, and
choose two different values for a. Answers may vary. Sample: f(x) = |x – 2| –
1 ; g(x) = 2|x – 2| – 1
41. The function g has the form g (x ) = a |x − h| + k . By translating 5 unit right, h
= 5. By translating 1 unit up, k = 3 + 1 = 4. There is no vertical stretch or
compression, and there is no reflection, so a = 1.

g (x ) = |x − 5| + 4

42. The function g has the form g (x ) = a |x − h| + k . By translating 4 unit right,

h = 1 − 4 = −3. By translating 2 units down, k = 5 – 2 = 3. There is no

vertical stretch or compression, and there is no reflection, so a = 1.

g (x ) = |x + 3| + 3

43. Write a function in the form f (x ) = a |x − h| + k . The vertex of the cone is

located at (6, 18) , so h = 6 and k = 18. The slope of the left side of the cone
is 18 = 3, and the frame opens downward, so a = −3.
6

f (x ) = −3 |x − 6| + 18

The domain of the function is 0 ≤ x ≤ 12.