Estd:1946

The National Institute of Engineering

(An Autonomous Institution under VTU)
Department of Mathematics
Mysuru – 570008

QUESTION BANK
IV SEMESTER (CIV/MECH/IP/CS/IS)
MODULE 1 TO 5
 MODULE -1
BASIC PROBABILITY AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. Define independent events.

2. Define Conditional Probability.
3. State Baye’s theorem.

4. Given that for the events A and B 𝑃(𝐴) = 3)4, 𝑃 (𝐵 ) = 1)5 and
𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) = 1)20

Find

(i)𝑃(𝐴)𝐵 )

(ii)𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )
(iii)P(A͞ ) and P(B͞ )

(iv)P(𝐴͞)𝐵͞)

(v)P(𝐴)𝐵͞) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴͞)𝐵 )

(vi)P(A͞ ∩ 𝐵 ͞)
(vii)P(A͞ ∩ 𝐵͞)
5. An office has 4 secretaries handling respectively 20%, 60%,15% and 5% of
the files of all government reports. The probability that they misfile such reports
are respectively 0.05,0.1,0.1 and 0.05.Find the probability that the misfiled
report can be blamed on the first secretary.
Ans: 0.1143

6. If A and B are events with P(A∪ 𝐵) = 7)8 ,𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) = 1)4 and P(A͞ )=5)8
Find P(A),P(B) and P(A∩ 𝐵)
Ans: P(A0=3/8, P(B)=3/4 P(A ∩ B)=1/8
7. −In a school 25% of the students failed in the first language,15% of the
students failed in second language and 10% of the students failed in both. If a
student is selected at random find the probability that
(i)He failed in first language if he had failed in the second language.
(ii)He failed in second language if he had failed in the first language.
(iii)He failed in either of the two languages.
Ans: (i) 2/3
(ii)2/5
(iii)3/10

8.A coin is tossed twice. A random variable X represent the number of heads
turning up. Find the discrete probability distribution for X. Also find it’s mean
and variance.
Ans: Mean = 1
Variance = 1/2
9.Define Discrete probability distribution.
10.Show that the following distribution represents a discrete probability
distribution. Find the mean and variance.
𝑥 10 20 30 40
𝑝(𝑥) 1 3 3 1
8 8 8 8

Ans: Mean = 25
Variance =75
11.Find the value of k such that the following distribution represents a finite
probability distribution. Hence find its mean and standard deviation.
𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑝(𝑥) 𝑘 2𝑘 3𝑘 4𝑘 3𝑘 2𝑘 𝑘
Ans: K=1/16, Mean = 0 and standard deviation =;5/2
12.Define Binomial Distribution
13.Define Mean and standard deviation of the binomial distribution.
14.When a coin is tossed 4 times, find the probability of getting
(i)exactly one head
(ii)atmost 3 heads
(iii)atleast 2 heads
Ans: 0.25
0.9375
0.6875
15.4 coins are tossed 100 times and the following results were obtained. Fit a
binomial distribution for the data and calculate the theoretical frequencies.
Number of 0 1 2 3 4
heads
Frequency 5 29 36 25 5
Ans: 7,26,37,24,6.
16. Find the binomial probability distribution which has mean 2 and variance
4/3.
@ C
Ans: 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 6>? ( ) B ( )DEB
A A

17. In a quiz contest of answering ‘Yes’ or ‘No’

what is the probability of guessing at least 6 answers correctly out of 10
questions asked?
Also find the probability of the same if there are 4 options for a correct answer.
Ans: 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 6) = 0.377
𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 6) = 0.019
18. In 800 families with 5 children each how many families would be expected
to have (i) 3 boys (ii) 5 girls (iii) either 2 (01) 3 boys (iv) atmost 2 girls by
assuming probabilities for boys and girls to be equal.
Ans: (i) 250
(ii) 25
(iii) 500
(iv) 400
19. An air line knows that 5% of the people making reservations on a certain
flight will not turn up. Consequently their policy is to sell 52 tickets for a flight
that can only hold 50 people. What is the probability that there will be a seat for
every passenger who turns up?
Ans: 0.7405
20. The probability that a person aged 60 years will live up to 70 is 0.65. what is
the probability that out of 10 person aged 60 at least 7 of them will live up to
70.
Ans: 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 7) = 0.5138
21. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and calculate the theoretical
frequencies.
 X 0 1 2 3 4
F 122 60 15 2 1

Ans: 121,61,15,3,0
22. The number of accidents in a year to taxi drivers in a city follows a Poisson
distribution with mean 3. Out of 1000 taxi drivers find approximately the
number of the drivers with
(i) no accident in a year
(ii) more than 3 accidents in a year
Ans: (i) 50
(ii) 350
23. The probability that a news reader commits no mistake in reading the news
is 1/𝑒 A.
(i) only 2 mistakes.
(ii) more than 3 mistake.
(iii) atmost 3 mistakes.
Ans: (i) 0.22404
(ii) 0.3528
(iii) 0.6472
24. The probabilities of a Poisson variate taking the values 3 and 4 are equal
calculate the probabilities of the variate taking the values 0 & 1.
Ans: 0.07326.
25. A switch board can handle only 4 telephone calls per minute. If the
incoming calls per minute follow a Poisson distribution with parameter 3, find
the probability that the switch board is over taxed in any one minute.
Ans: 0.1847.
26. A travel agency 2 cars which it hires daily. The number of demands for a car
on each day is distributed as a Poisson variate with mean 1.5 Find the
probability that on a particular day.
(i) There was no demand.
(ii) A demand is refused.
Ans: (i) 0.2231
(ii) 0.1912
27. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and calculate the theoretical
frequencies.
 X 0 1 2 3 4
F 111 63 22 3 1
J KL.M (N.D)?
Ans: 𝑃(𝑥 ) = ; 110, 66,20,4,1
B!

28. Define Poisson distribution.

29. Define mean and standard deviation of the Poisson distribution.
30. The number of accidents per day (x) as recorded in a textile industry over a
period of 400 days is given. Fit a Poisson distribution for the data and calculate
the theoretical frequency
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
f 173 168 37 18 3 1

Ans: 183,143,56,15,3,0
31. A shop has 4 diesel generator sets which it hires every day. The demand for
a gen set on an average is a Poisson variate with value 5/2. Obtain the
probability that on a particular day.
(i) There was no demand.
(ii) A demand had to be refused.
Ans: (i) 𝑝(0) = 𝑒 EC.R = 0.082085
(ii) 𝑝(𝑥 > 4) = 0.108822
32. If x is a Poisson variate such that 𝑝(𝑥 = 2) = 9𝑃 (𝑥 = 4) + 90𝑃(𝑥 − 6)
Compute the mean and variance of the Poisson distribution.
Ans: mean = 1
variance = 1.
33. State the axioms of probability and prove the following
(i) 𝑃(∅) = 0
(ii) 𝑃(AW ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴)
34. If A and B are any two events of s which are not mutually exclusive prove
that
𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) = 𝑃 (𝐴) + 𝑃 (𝐵 ) − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ).

35. If A and B are any two events prove the following.

Z([)EZ([∩\)
Y )=
(i) 𝑃 (A/B
@E](\)
 Z([∩\)
(ii) 𝑃(AW /B ) =
](\)
 Module 2
Continuous and Joint probability Distribution
[Include problems on normal distribution]

1. A continuous random variable 𝑥 that can assume any value between

𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 5 has a density function given by
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 (𝑙 + 𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑥 < 4)
16
Ans:
17

2. Compute 𝑘 such that 𝑓(𝑥){𝑘𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 0, otherwise P.D.F. Also

find the mean.
𝑒 2𝑒−5
Ans: 𝑘 = , 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
𝑒−2 𝑒−2

3. A random variable 𝑥 has the following density function.

𝑝(𝑥 ) = {𝑘𝑥 2 , −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
(i) 𝑝(1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2)
(ii) 𝑝(𝑥 ≤ 2)
(iii) 𝑝(𝑥 > 1)
1
Ans: 𝑘 = ;
18
7
(i)
54
35
(ii)
54
13
(iii)
27
4. The diameter of an electric cable is assumed to be a continuous variable
with pdf defined by 𝑝(𝑥) = {6𝑥(1 − 𝑥)𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 <
2
1 𝑜, 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛, 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝( < 𝑧 < 1)
3

Ans. 0.5, 0.05, 0.2593

5. Find the constant 𝑘 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑘𝑥 2 , 0 < 𝑥 <
3 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝. 𝑑. 𝑓. 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒
(i) 𝑝(1 < 𝑥 < 2)
(ii) 𝑝(𝑥 ≤ 1)
 MODULE 3
Markov Chains and Queing Theory
Markov Chains - Probability Vector, Stochastic matrix, transition
Probability matrix.
1.Define
(a) Probability vector
(b) Stochastic matrix
(c) Regular stochastic matrix with an example for each.
2.Define the unique fixed probability vector of a regular stochastic
matrix.
3.Find the unique fixed probability vector of the regular stochastic
matrix.
0 1 0
1 1 1
(a) P= ! 6 2 3'
2 1
0
3 3
1 6 3
Ans. ( , , )
10 10 10
1 1 1
⎡0 2 4 4⎤
⎢1 0 1 1⎥

(b) P= ⎢ 21 1 4 4⎥
⎢ 0 0⎥
2 2
⎢1 1 ⎥
⎣2 2 0 0⎦
1 1 1 1
Ans. ( , , , )
3 3 6 6
3 1

(c) P= 341 4
14
2 2
 1

MODULE IV: STATISTIC

1. The first three moments of a distribution about the value 0 are 1, 16, -40. Compute the
same about x=2.

2. The first 3 moments of a distribution about the value 3 are 2,10, -30. compute the same
about x=0 and hence compute mean and variance.

3. Compute 𝜇1 , 𝜇2 ,𝜇3 for the following frequency distribution.

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

No. of students 1 6 10 15 11 7

4.Compute the variance and third central moment from the following data.

𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
𝑓 1 9 26 59 72 52 29 7 1

5.For the distribution of heights for 346 adults containing 15 classes of 1 unit ranging from 58
inches to 73 inches the following values are obtained with 67 inches as the working origin.

∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 118; ∑ 𝑓𝑥 2 = 1668; ∑ 𝑓𝑥 3 =1546.

6.Define Skewness of a frequency distribution .𝑥𝑖, 𝑓𝑖 } 𝑖 = 1,2,3, … 𝑛 and mention its uses.

7.For a given Skew symmetric distribution define the following terms:

(i) Negatively skew distribution

(ii) Positively skew distribution with diagrams.

8.Compute the Pearson’s co-efficient of skewness for the following data and hence comment
on the skewness of the distribution.

(i)

Class 10- 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89

interval 19
Frequency 5 9 14 20 25 15 8 4
Population and sampling, sampling distribution.
1. The weight of 1500 ball bearings are normally distributed with a
mean of 635 gms and a standard deviation of 1.36 gms. If 300
samples of size 36 are drawn from this population, find the mean
and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means if
the sampling is done (i) without replacement & (ii) with
replacement
Ans. (i) 0.224
(ii) 0.2267
4.17 ≈ 4 (𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟)

2. The daily wages of 3000 workers in a factory are normally

distributed with mean equal to Rs. 68 and standard deviation
equal to Rs. 3. If 80 samples consisting of 25 workers each are
obtained, what would be the mean and standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of means if sampling were done (a) with
replacement (b) without replacement?
In how many samples will the mean is likely to be (i) between Rs.
66.8 and Rs. 68.3 and (ii) less than Rs. 66.4?
Ans. (a) 0.6
(b) 0.6687
(c) 0.0038
3. Certain tubes manufactured by a company have mean life time of
800 hours and SD of 60 hrs. Find the probability that a random
sample of 16 tubes taken from the group will have a mean life
time
(a) between 790 hrs and 810 hrs
 MODULE IV: STATISTIC
1. The first three moments of a distribution about the value 0 are 1, 16, -40. Compute the
same about x=2.

2. The first 3 moments of a distribution about the value 3 are 2,10, -30. compute the same
about x=0 and hence compute mean and variance.

3. Compute 𝜇@ , 𝜇C ,𝜇A for the following frequency distribution.

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

No. of students 1 6 10 15 11 7

4.Compute the variance and third central moment from the following data.

𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
𝑓 1 9 26 59 72 52 29 7 1

5.For the distribution of heights for 346 adults containing 15 classes of 1 unit ranging from 58
inches to 73 inches the following values are obtained with 67 inches as the working origin.

∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 118; ∑ 𝑓𝑥 C = 1668; ∑ 𝑓𝑥 A =1546.

6.Define Skewness of a frequency distribution a𝑥b, 𝑓b } 𝑖 = 1,2,3, … 𝑛 and mention its uses.

7.For a given Skew symmetric distribution define the following terms:

(i) Negatively skew distribution

(ii) Positively skew distribution with diagrams.

8.Compute the Pearson’s co-efficient of skewness for the following data and hence
comment on the skewness of the distribution.

(i)

Class 10- 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89

interval 19
Frequency 5 9 14 20 25 15 8 4
 (ii)

Class 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13

interval
Frequency 10 30 28 18 14

9.Compute the Pearson’s co-efficient of skewness for the data.

Marks 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
above
No. of 140 134 122 101 78 55 30 16 5 1
students

10.The number of students absent in a class was recorded everyday for 60 days and the
information is given in the following frequency distribution.

No. of Absent 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(𝑥)

No .of Days (𝑓) 3 6 18 18 8 5 2

11.The following table shows the distance between the worker’s residence and their office
in a city.

Distance 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

No. of 2 5 10 15 10 4 1
Workers

12.Define Kurtosis and it’s types

13.Compute the co-efficient of Kurtosis for the following distributions and hence
comment on the kurtosis of the distributions.

(i)

Class 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

Frequency 5 18 42 27 8
(ii)

Class 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24

Frequency 2 3 3 1 1

(iii)

Class 60-62 63-65 66-68 69-71 72-74

Frequency 5 18 42 27 8

14.Compute the co-efficient of kurtosis given the first four moments of the following

distributions about an arbitrary value(𝑥):

(i) 𝑥 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1.5, 17, −30, 108

(ii) 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1, 25, −30, 75

(iii)𝑥 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 , 20, 40, 50

Skewness based on third moment

15.For a given distribution of 𝜇C = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇A = 0 compute the skewness based on third

moment.

16.For a symmetric distribution what is

(i)co-efficient of skewness based on third moment

(ii)value of 𝜇A

(iii)Is 𝜇C = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝜇Ch 0

17.The first 3 moments of a distribution about the value 2 are 1,25and -30 respectively.
compute the skewness based on third moment. Comment on the skewness of the
distribution.

18.Compute the skewness based on third moment of 𝜇C = 16 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇A = −64. Comment

on the skewness of the distribution.
Curve fitting

19.Derive normal equations to fit a straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to a given data by the method
to least squares.

20.Fit a least square straight line for the following data

(a)

𝑥 50 70 100 20
𝑦 12 15 21 25

(b)

𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3

(c)
𝑥 1 3 5 7 9
𝑦 1.5 2.8 4.0 4.7 6.0

21.A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load P at it’s midpoint. Corresponding
to various values of P the maximum deflection y is measured and given.
𝑃 100 120 140 160 180 200
𝑦 0.45 0.55 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85

Find a law of the formx 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑃 and hence estimate Y when P=150.

22. Fit a curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 B for the following data.
𝑥 0 2 4 5 7 10
𝑦 100 120 256 390 710 1600

23.Fit a curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 B for the following data and hence find the estimation for y
when 𝑥 = 8
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑦 87 97 113 129 202 195 193
24.If P is the pull required to lift a load w by mean of a pulley block,find a linear law of the
form 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑤 + 𝑐 connecting p & w ,using the following data.
𝑝 12 15 21 25
𝑤 50 70 100 120
Where p and w are taken in kg-wt.compute p when w=150 kg-wt
Correlation,Regression
25.Define correlation and Regression.
26.Compute the co-efficient of correlation and the equation of the lines of regression for the
data.
(i)
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑦 9 8 10 12 11 13 14

(ii)
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑦 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50

27.Obtain the lines of regression and hence find the co-efficient of correlation for the data.
(i)
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑦 9 8 10 12 11 13 14
(ii)
𝑥 1 3 4 2 5 8 9 10 13 15
𝑦 8 6 10 8 12 16 16 10 32 32

28.The following data gives the age of husband (𝑥) and the age of wife (𝑦) in years.Form
the two regression lines and calculate the age of husband corresponding to 16 years age of
wife.
𝑥 36 23 27 28 28 29 30 31 33 35
𝑦 29 18 20 22 27 21 29 27 29 28

29.Given the equation of the regression lines

𝑥 = 19.13 − 0.87𝑦, 𝑦 = 11.64 − 0.5𝑥. compute the 𝑥̅, 𝑦̅ and correlation co-efficient.
30.Given the equation of the regression lines 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 66 = 0,40𝑥 − 18𝑦 =
2) .Compute the mean of x’s ,y’s and correlation co-efficient.
4

q q @Eu s
31.Show that if 𝜃 is the angle between the lines of regression then 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = qs?tqrs ( q
)
? r

32.If the co-efficient of correlation between two variables x and y is 0.5 and the acute
angle between their lines of regression is tanE@ 3)5 then show that 𝜎z = 2𝜎B 𝑜𝑟 𝜎B = 2𝜎z

Multiple Regression lines

33.If 𝑟@C = 0.6, 𝑟@A = 0.8, 𝑟CA = 0.3, 𝜎@ = 8, 𝜎C = 9 , 𝜎A = 5 then determine regression
equation of 𝑥C 𝑜𝑛 𝑥@ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥A

34.If 𝑟@C = 0.75, 𝑟@A = 0.65, 𝑟CR = 0.55, 𝜎@ = 9, 𝜎C = 7, 𝜎A = 4 then determine regression
equation of 𝑥C 𝑜𝑛 𝑥@ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥A

35.If 𝜎@ = 3, 𝜎C = 2.5, 𝜎A = 3.5, 𝑟@C = 0.3, 𝑟@A = 0.5, 𝑟CA = 0.4, then find the regression
equation of 𝑥A 𝑜𝑛 𝑥@ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥C

36.Find the multiple regression equation of 𝑥@ 𝑜𝑛 𝑥C 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥A from the data given.

𝑥@ 3 5 6 8 12 10
𝑥C 10 10 5 7 5 2
𝑥A 20 25 15 16 15 2

ANSWERS

(1) -1,16,-132

(2)5,31,141,𝑥̅ = 5, 𝜇C = 𝜎 C = 6

(3)0,164, −360

(4)µC = σC = 1.97972 , 𝜇A = 0.01789

(5)µ𝟐 = 4.704; 𝜇A = −0.368

(8)(i) -0.2064<0 distribution is skewed left.

(ii)0.457>0 positively skewed (skewed right)

(9)-0.385<0 skewed left

(10)-0.5462<0 skewed left

(11)-0.0175<0 skewed left

(13) (i) 2.7384<3 platykurtic

(ii) 2.44<3 platykurtic

(iii)2.743<3 platykurtic

(14)(i)0.65

(ii)0.59375

(iii)0.6328

(15)0 symmetric distribution .

(16)(i)0

(ii)µ𝟑 = 0

(iii)µ𝟐 ≠ 0

(17) -0.9568<0 skewed to left

(18)-1<0 skewed to left

(20)(a) y = 0.19x + 2.1

(b)𝑦 = 1.33𝑥 + 0.72

(c)= 0.545𝑥 + 1.075

(21)y = 0.0433 + 0.0041p; 0.66

(22)83.9146(1.3435)B

(23)y = 73.9(1.1681)ƒ ; 256.14

(24)p = 0.1879w + 2.2759, 𝑝 = 30.4609𝑘𝑔

(26) (i) 𝑟 = 0.93, 𝑦 = 0.93𝑥 + 7.28 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 0.93𝑦 − 6.23

(ii)r = 0.96, y = 4.686𝑥 + 4.927, 𝑥 = 0.197𝑦 − 0.548

(27)(i)x = 0.93y − 6.23, y = 0.93x + 7.28, r = 0.93

(ii)y = 1.76𝑥 + 2.68, 𝑥 = 0.44𝑦 + 0.4, 𝑟 = 0.88

(28)y = 0.894x − 1.82 and x = 0.752y + 11.2, x = 23.232 ≈ 23 when y = 16

(29)x‹ = 15.94, y‹ = 3.67, r = −0.66

(30)x‹ = 13, y‹ = 17, r = 0.6

(33)x@ = 0.35xC + 1.09xA

(34)𝑥C = 0.5286𝑥@ + 0.1894𝑥A

(35)𝑥A = 0.487𝑥@ + 0.385𝑥C

(36)𝑥@ = 12.3608 − 1.3984𝑥C + 0.2621𝑥A

 Module 5

Popula=on and sampling, sampling distribu=on.

1. The weight of 1500 ball bearings are normally distributed with
a mean of 635 gms and a standard deviation of 1.36 gms. If 300
samples of size 36 are drawn from this population, find the
mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
means if the sampling is done (i) without replacement & (ii)
with replacement
Ans. (i) 0.224
(ii) 0.2267
4.17 ≈ 4 (𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟)

2. The daily wages of 3000 workers in a factory are normally

distributed with mean equal to Rs. 68 and standard deviation
equal to Rs. 3. If 80 samples consisting of 25 workers each are
obtained, what would be the mean and standard deviation of
the sampling distribution of means if sampling were done (a)
with replacement (b) without replacement?
In how many samples will the mean is likely to be (i) between
Rs. 66.8 and Rs. 68.3 and (ii) less than Rs. 66.4?
Ans. (a) 0.6
(b) 0.6687
(c) 0.0038
3. Certain tubes manufactured by a company have mean life time
of 800 hours and SD of 60 hrs. Find the probability that a
random sample of 16 tubes taken from the group will have a
mean life time
(a) between 790 hrs and 810 hrs
 (b) less than 785 hrs
(c) more than 820 hrs
(d) between 770 hours and 830 hours.
Ans. (a) 0.4972
(b) 0.1587
(c) 0.0918
(d) 0.9544
4. A population consists of four numbers 2,3,4,5 consider all
possible distinct samples of size two with replacement. Find (a)
the population mean (b) the population standard deviation
(S.D)
(c) the sampling distribution of means (d) the mean of the S.D
of means. Verify (c) and (e) directly from (a) and (b) by use of
suitable formulae.
Ans. (a) 3.5
(b) 1.118033
(c)
Sample mean 𝑥𝚤
Y 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency fi 1 2 3 4 3 2 1

(d) 3.5
(e) 0.7905694
(i) 𝜇 = 3.5 = 𝜇𝑥̅
q
(ii) 𝜎𝑥̅ = 0.79056 = = 0.79057
å

5. A survey was conducted in a slum locality of 2000 families by

selecting a sample of size 800. It was revealed that 180 families
were illiterates. Find the probable limits of the illiterate families
in the population of 2000.
Ans. Thus 374 to 526 are probably illiterate families.
6. A sample of 100 days is taken from meteorological records of a
certain district and 10 of them are found to be foggy. What are
the probable limits of the percentage of foggy days in the
district
Ans. The percentage of foggy days lies between 2.26 and 17.74.
7. In a sample of 500 men it was found that 60% of them had over
weight. What can we infer about the proportion of people
having over weight in the population?
Ans. The probable limit of people having over weight is 54.35% to
65.65%.
8. In 324 throws of a six faced ‘die’, an odd number turned up 181
times. Is it reasonable to think that the ‘die’ is an unbiased
one?
Ans. 𝑧 = 2.11 < 2.58 we conclude that the die is unbiased.

Test of significance of a sample mean.

1. A manufacturer claimed that at least 95% of the equipment

which he supplied to a factory conformed to specifications. An
examination of a sample of 200 pieces of equipment revealed
that 18 of them were faulty. Test his claim at a significance
level of 1% and 5%.
Ans. Z=2.6
2. It has been found from experience that the mean breaking
strength of a particular brand of thread is 275.6 gms with
standard deviation of 39.7 gms. Recently a sample of 36 pieces
of thread showed a mean breaking strength of 253.2 gms. Can
one conclude at a significance level of (a) 0.05 (b) 0.01 that the
thread has become inferior?
 Ans. Z=3.38

Test of significance of difference between means.

1. A sample of 100 bulbs produced by a company A showed a
mean life of 1190 hours and a standard deviation of 90 hours.
Also a sample of 75 bulbs produced by a company B showed a
mean life of 1230 hours and a standard deviation of 120 hours.
Is there a difference between the mean life time of the bulbs
produced by the two companies at
(a) 5% level of significance.
(b) 1% level of significance.
> 𝑧 = 1.96 (𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡)
Ans. 𝑧 = 2.42 “” .NR –
< 𝑧.N@ = 2.58 (𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡)
2. A random sample for 1000 workers in company has mean wage of
Rs. 50 per day and S.D of Rs. 15. Another sample of 1500 workers
from another company has mean wage of Rs. 45 per day and S.D of
Rs. 20. Does the mean rate of wages varies between the two
companies? Find the 95% confidence limits for the difference of the
mean wages of the popula=on of the two companies.
Ans. 𝑧 = 7.1306 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑧.NR = 1.96 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧.N@ = 2.58

Test of significance for difference of proper=es.

1. One type of aircraft is found to develop engine trouble in 5
flights out of a total of 100 and another type in 7 flights out of a
total of 200 flights. Is there a significance difference in the two
types of aircrafts so far as engine defects are concerned?
> 𝑧.NR = 1.96 (𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡)
Ans. 𝑧 = 0.625 “” –
< 𝑧.N@ = 2.58 (𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡)
2. Random sample of 1000 engineering students from a city A and
800 from city B were taken. It was found that 400 students in
each of the sample were from payment quota. Does the data
reveal a significance difference between the two cities in
respect of payment quota students?
> 𝑧.NR = 1.96
Ans. 𝑧 = 0.625 > “”
< 𝑧.N@ = 2.58

Student’s T distribu=ons/ test

1. Find the student’s t for the following variable values in a

sample of eight -4, -2, -2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3 taking the mean of the
universe to be zero.
Ans. T=0.266
2. A machine is expected to produce nails of length 3 inches. A
random sample of 25 nails gave an average length of 3.1 inch
with standard deviation 0.3. Can it be said that the machine is
producing nails as per specification? (to.05 for d.f is 2.064)
Ans. t= 1.67 <2.064
3. Two types of batteries are tested for their length of life and the
following results were obtained.
C
Battery 𝐴: 𝑛@ = 10, ‹‹‹
𝑥@ = 500 ℎ𝑟𝑠, 𝜎 = 100
@
C
Battery 𝐵: 𝑛C = 10, ‹‹‹
𝑥C = 500 ℎ𝑟𝑠, 𝜎 = 121
C

Compute student’s and test whether there is a significant

difference in the two means.
Ans. 𝑡 = 12.1081 ≈ 12.11
4. Ten individuals are chosen at random from a population and
their heights in inches are found to be 63, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
71, 71. Test the hypothesis that the mean height of the
universe is 66 inches (𝑡.NR = 2.262 𝑓𝑜𝑟 9 𝑑. 𝑓)

Ans. 𝑡 = 1.89 < 2.262

5. From a random sample of 10 pigs fed on diet A, the increase in

weight in a certain period were 10, 6, 16, 17, 13, 12, 8, 14, 15, 9
lbs. For another random sample of 12 pigs fed on diet B, the
increase in weight in the same period were 7, 13, 22, 22, 15, 12,
14, 18, 8, 21, 23, 10, 7 lbs. Test whether diets A and B differ
significantly regarding their effect on increase in weight
(𝑡.NR 𝑓𝑜𝑟20 𝑑. 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 2.09)

(x)Ans. t=1.6, difference is not significant. The two diets do not

differ significantly regarding increase in weight.

6. A certain stimulates administered to each of the 12 patients

resulted in the following change in blood pressure 5, 2, 8, -1, 3,
0, 6, -2, 1, 5, 0, 4. Can it be concluded that the stimulus will
increase the blood pressure? (𝑡.NR 𝑓𝑜𝑟20 𝑑. 𝑓 = 2.201)

Ans. t=2.9 > 2.20

Chi- Square distribu=on

1. A die is thrown 264 times and the number appearing on the

face (x) follows the following frequency distribution.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
F 40 32 28 58 54 60

Calculate 𝑥 C

Ans. 𝑥 C = 22
 2. Five dice were thrown 96 times and the numbers 1, 2, or 3
appearing on the face of the dice follows the frequency
distribution as below

No. of dice showing 1.2 or 5 4 3 2 1 0

3
Frequency 7 19 35 24 8 3

Test the hypothesis that the data follows a binomial distribu=on.

(𝑥 C N.NR = 11.07 𝑓𝑜𝑟 5 𝑑. 𝑓)

Ans. (𝑥 C N.NR = 9.49 𝑓𝑜𝑟 4 𝑑. 𝑓)

3. 4 coins are tossed 100 times and following results were

obtained. Fit a binomial distribution for the data and test the
goodness of fit (𝑥 C N.NR = 9.49 𝑓𝑜𝑟 4 𝑑. 𝑓)

Number of heads 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 5 29 36 25 5

Ans. 𝑥 C = 1.15 < 𝑥 C N.NR = 9.49

4. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and test the
goodness of fit given that 𝑥 C N.NR = 7.815 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3 𝑑. 𝑓

x 0 1 2 3 4

F 122 60 15 2 1

𝑥 C = 0.025 < 𝑥 C N.NR = 7.815

5. The number of accidents per day (x) as recorded in a textile
industry over a period of 400 days is given below. Test the
goodness of fit in respect of Poisson distribution of fit to the
given data (𝑥 C N.NR = 9.49 𝑓𝑜𝑟 4 𝑑. 𝑓)

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
F 173 168 37 18 3 1

Ans. 𝑥 C = 12.3 > 𝑥 C N.NR = 9.49