MASTERMIND

ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL

CLASS III MATHEMATICS

Definitions with Figure (Geometry)

Line segment: A line segment is a straight line that has a beginning and
an end. Here, AB is a line segment.

A B
Figure: Line segment

Line: A line segment extending on both sides endlessly is called a line.

Here, XY is a line.

X Y
Figure: Line

Ray: A ray is a part of a line which extends endlessly in one direction

only. Here, AB is a ray.

A B
Figure: Ray
Angle: Whenever two rays meet at a point an angle is formed. The
point where two rays meet is called the vertex and rays form the arms
of the angle. Symbol “∠“represents the word angle. Here, ∠AOB
represent an angle.

O B
Figure: Angle
Interior of an Angle: The area inside the ∠ABC is called interior of the
∠ABC. X,P are the points in the interior of ∠ABC.

A
.X
.Y
B C [Figure: Interior of an angle]
Exterior of an Angle: The area outside the ∠ABC is exterior of the
∠ABC. O is the point in the exterior of ∠ABC. Y is the point on ∠ABC.
A
.O
.Y
B C [Figure: Exterior of an angle]
Types of Angles: 1) Right Angle
2) Acute Angle
3) Obtuse Angle
4) Zero Angle
5) Straight Angle

Right Angle: An angle measuring 90˚ is called right angle. If one of arms
is horizontal, the other will be vertical. Here ∠ABC is a right angle.
A

B C
Figure: Right angle

Acute angle: An angle measuring between 0˚ and 90˚ is called acute

angle. It is less than a right angle. Here, ∠OPQ is an acute angle.

P Q
Figure: Acute angle
Obtuse angle: An angle measuring between 90˚ and 180˚ is called an
obtuse angle. It is greater than a right angle. Here, ∠DEF is an obtuse
angle.
 D

E F
Figure: Obtuse angle
Zero angle: An angle made by two overlapping arms is called a zero
angle. It measures 0˚. Here, OA is a zero angle.

O A
Figure: Zero Angle
Straight angle: An angle made by arms going in opposite directions is
called straight angle. It measures 180˚. Here, AB is a straight angle.

A B
Figure: Straight angle
Triangle: Triangle is a closed figure having three line segments and
three vertices. It also has 3 angles. ABC is a triangle.
A

B C [Figure: Triangle]
Triangles with respect to their angles:
1. Right-angled triangle
2. Acute-angled triangle
3. Obtuse-angled triangle

Triangles with respect to their sides:

1. Equilateral triangle
2. Isosceles triangle
3. Scalene triangle

Right-angled triangle: A triangle with one right angle is called a right-

angled triangle. In ABC, ABC is a right angle.

[Figure: Right-angled triangle]

B C

Obtuse-angled triangle: A triangle with one obtuse angle is called an

obtuse-angled triangle. In XYZ, XYZ is an obtuse angle.

Y Z
Figure: Obtuse-angled triangle
Acute-angled triangle: A triangle with all three angles acute is called an
acute-angled triangle. Here, ABC is an acute angle.
A

B C
Figure: Acute-angled triangle X

Equilateral triangle: A triangle with equal

three sides is called an equilateral triangle.
Here, XYZ is an equilateral triangle.
Y Z
Figure: Equilateral triangle
Isosceles triangle: A triangle with two equal sides is called an isosceles
triangle. It also has two equal angles. In CDE, CD = CE.

D E
Figure: Isosceles triangle

Scalene triangle: A triangle having all sides of different lengths is called

a scalene triangle. Here, XYZ is a scalene triangle.
X

Y Z
Figure: Scalene triangle
Quadrilateral: A closed figure bounded by four line segments is called a
quadrilateral. Here, ABCD is a quadrilateral.

A D

B C
Figure: Quadrilateral

Rectangle: A quadrilateral in which all angles are right angles and

opposite sides are parallel and equal is called a rectangle. Here, EFGH is
a rectangle.
E H

F G
Figure: Rectangle
Square: A quadrilateral in which all angles are right angles,opposite
sides are parallel and all sides are equal is called a square. Here, ABCD is
a square.
A D
[Figure: Square]

B C
Circle: A circle is a closed figure bounded by a curved line. The fixed
point O inside the circle is its centre.

O O
>
>
…
Figure: Circle
Radius: The fixed distance between the centre and any point on a circle
is called its radius.
The radius of a circle is half of the diameter.
1
Radius= x diameter
2

[Figure: Radius]

Diameter: A line segment passing through the centre of the circle,

whose end points lie on the circle is called the diameter of the circle.
The diameter of a circle is twice of the radius. Here, AB is a chord.
Diameter= 2x radius

A B [Figure: Diameter]
Chord: A line segment whose end points lie on the circle is called a
chord.
֍The diameter is the longest chord of a circle.

[Figure: Chord]

Arc: Any part of a circle is called an arc of the circle

Figure: Arc
Semi-circle: Half a circle is a semi-circle .

[Figure: Semi-circle]