Week 1. – P.

E 01 Physical Fitness and Gymnastics

Topic: Physical Education
Time allotment: 2 hours
Objectives: 1. Define and interpret the meaning of physical education.
2. Analyze fitness as the major goal of physical education.
3. Discuss the general objective of physical education as a part of the educational system.
4. State the purposes of physical education in a developing country.
Lesson Proper
Introduction
Education is not only development of the mind but also of the body, the slogan for Physical Education from the
days of Ancient Greece until the present is “mens sana en corpore sano” (a sound body in a sound mind). Physical
education centers on its educational potential, its power to contribute to more than just the physical skills and
desirable qualities.

The Meaning of Physical Education

Physical Education has undergone many vicissitude and several changes of direction in Philippine schools.
Time was when physical education was considered as education of the physical, hence, a well- built physique was
considered as a physically educated body. The activities then were such as “drill”, “physical training” and calisthenics.
This old concept of physical education would in all respects mean today as strengthening the muscles.
The newer and modern concept of physical education is that it is education through physical activities. In
modern physical education parlance it is education through “movement”. “Wunderlich (1967) says of movement: It
provides sensory data. It broadens the perceptive horizon. It stimulates function and structure of all bodily organs. It is
the means by which an individual learns about himself in relation to his ambient environment. What education through
movement more particularly entails in addition is the taking of that culture based family of activities and processes –
games, dance, gymnastics, athletic sports, and outdoor pursuits – as a means “through” which the teacher can help
effect desirable outcomes, regardless of whether can help effect desirable outcomes, regardless of whether or not
those activities have intrinsic worth of their own.

Physical Education
 Physical Education is an integral part of the educational program designed to promote the optimum
development of the individual physically, socially, emotionally, and mentally through total body movement in
the performance of properly selected physical activities.
 Physical Education is an important segment of general education which aims to contribute to the total
development of the learner through participation in selected vigorous activities.
 Physical Education can be as a program of activities in a school curriculum that involves sports, games,
dances, gymnastics activities and recreational activities.

Physical education performs three functions: biologic, integrative, and social.

 Biologic function refers to the enhancement of the individual’s growth and development through body
movement.
 Integrative function refers to personality integration achieved through participation in properly selected
physical education activities.
 Social function consists of transmitting values and standards that are consistent with the needs and ideals of
Society.
All in all, physical education as education “through” movement is best conceived of as being that part of the
educational process which aims to enhance and harmonize the physical, intellectual, social and emotional aspects of a
growing individual chiefly through professionally selected and directed physical activities.

FITNESS – A Major Goal of Physical Education

Different people differ in their concept of fitness. In the field of physical education, the concept of fitness has
implications for physical, social, emotional, and mental well-being. Considering these four aspects, it can be said that
fitness is the ability to live a healthy, satisfying, and useful life. This kind of life is what the educational philosophers
and thinkers term as the “good life”. This is the ultimate goal of education.
To live the “good life” means that an individual satisfies his basic needs as physical well-being, love, affection,
security and self-respect.
Physical education as a part of the educational system strives to help or facilitate the development of the
potentialities of the individual so that he can attain total fitness to enable him to enjoy the “good life”. Therefore, a
major goal of physical education in the curriculum.

What is meant by objectives?

Objectives are goals or desired outcomes that can be realized from participation in carefully planned Physical
Education Profram.

Objectives of Physical Education.

 The following objectives of physical education are viewed and stated in terms of their contributions to the
outcomes of education and which justify the existence of physical skills can motivate an individual to participate
further in physical activities, hence, his growth and development will be enhanced.
 Social Development (Affective Objectives). Through carefully selected physical education activities, an
individual who participates actively will develop and maintain good health and a high level of physical skills
can motivate an individual to participate further in physical activities, hence, his growth and development
will be enhanced.
 Emotional Development (Affective Objectives). The informal nature of physical education activities
offers opportunities for self-expression and emotional mastery. Examples of worthwhile emotional traits
are:
Self-confidence
Self-control
Self-reliance
Courage
Determination
 Physical Development (Psychomotor Objectives). Participation in physical education activities provides
opportunities for the development of desirable social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in
general. Some worthwhile traits are:
Friendliness
Cooperation
Respect for the rights of others
Good leadership and followership
Honesty in a group competition
 Mental Development (Cognitive Objectives). Through participation in physical education activities the
individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the mechanical principles underlying movement, as
he acquires knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of games and sports, and as he
discovers ways of improving his movements in gymnastics and dance.

Purposes of Physical Education

The following purposes of physical education have been identified by physical education specialist in our
country:
1. To develop optimum physical fitness and health of the individual so that he is capable of living the “good life”
and of contributing to his maximum capacity to the attainment of the goals of the New Society;
2. To produce individuals who can contribute to the economic well-being through:
a. The improvement of proper work habits and work habits and work at attitudes, such as punctuality,
cooperation, reliability, precision and accuracy, and open-mindedness,
b. Proper emphasis on problem-solving skills such that an individual can identify a problem correctly and
master the skills necessary or useful in school and in the business world;
3. To train good leaders with moral integrity of the highest order and develop other desirable traits necessary for
effective group participation of group living essential to New Society.
a. Through an adequate system of values by equipping the individual to be able to make moral choices or
decisions needed in daily living.
b. Through offering group participation in such experiences as intramurals, play days or sports fests;
4. To develop creativity and innovativeness inspired by an abiding faith in God and love of country and
fellowmen;
5. To instill a love of and pride for our rich cultural heritage and strive for their preservation and develop an
understanding of the culture of others for a feeling of international brotherhood and unity.

Exercise 1
Answer the following questions. Your answer should compose of at least 5-10 sentences.

1. Why do you think Physical Education is included in general education curriculum?

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2. Explain further the Objectives of Physical Education and give at least 1 situation.
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3. List down at least (5) five Misconception about Physical Education that you think. Explain.

Misconception about Physical Education

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4. What do you think is the main purpose of Physical Education for you?
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5. If you were given a chance to create a project or program about physical education, what will you
do?
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