Prediction of Road Expansion Using Artificial

Intelligence
Dr.Arati.J.Vyavahare1 , Omkar Bargale2 , Hemant Kalyne3 , Om Kale4
HOD, Department of Electronics and Computer , P.E.S Modern College Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra,
India 1

U.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Computer , P.E.S Modern College Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra,
India 2

U.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Computer , P.E.S Modern College Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra,
India 3

U.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Computer , P.E.S Modern College Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra,
India 4

Abstract governments and organizations can better target and deliver

aid to those in need. AI can assist in identifying vulnerable
Artificial Intelligence is industrial revolution by human kind populations, predicting trends in social service demand, and
to human world artificial intelligence is implemented in day-to-day streamlining the application and distribution processes.
life in each and every sector of industry. This research paper Additionally, it has the potential to reduce administrative
presents a novel approach to use of artificial intelligence in sector costs, allowing more resources to be directed toward direct
of road survey by using OpenCV. In this study we propose an
image recognition using OpenCV and various python library for
image recognition and image recording in real time basis and
filtering the required data for road expansion survey in real time.
Furthermore we can change the requirement of the system by the
needs of end users so to provide effective output.

The system is set up using various hardware devices such as

Surveillance camera, DVR, Computer System, battery and etc.

I. INTRODUCTION
In this day-to-day life the means of work load is reduce by
the means of artificial intelligence and the use of artificial
intelligence is growing rapidly in industry and various sectors Fig.1Artificial Intelligence[5]
of the world, the artificial intelligence gives an opportunity to
each field to grow on its to rapidly increase the output of assistance. Moreover, AI-driven chatbots and virtual
result. assistants can provide round-the-clock support, answering
queries and providing information to welfare recipients.
Due to artificial intelligence the required time and resource However, this transformative potential also comes with
for the product development is increase rapidly which helps in challenges related to data privacy, ethics, and ensuring that AI
economy to grow in rapid state in the world. systems do not perpetuate biases. As AI in welfare continues
The field of AI research was founded at a workshop at to evolve, a thoughtful and responsible approach is necessary
Dartmouth College in 1956.The attendees became the leaders to harness its benefits while mitigating risks, ultimately
of AI research in the 1960s. shaping a more efficient, equitable, and responsive welfare
system for the future.[1]
There are three type of Artificial Intelligence they are
called: II. INTRODUCTION TO OPENCV
➢ Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) Modern infrastructure development heavily relies on accurate
and efficient road expansion surveys. This paper introduces a
➢ Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) pioneering approach to road expansion surveys, with a central
➢ Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) emphasis on leveraging the power of the OpenCV (Open
Source Computer Vision) library for object detection. The
Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds immense promise for primary objective is to streamline and enhance the surveying
reshaping the future of welfare systems. As we look ahead, process by focusing on the identification and analysis of road-
AI's integration into welfare programs can greatly enhance the related objects.
efficiency, accessibility, and effectiveness of social services.
By leveraging machine learning algorithms and data analytics,

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

 • Community Support: OpenCV has a vast and active
community that continually contributes to its
development and maintenance. This means that you
can find abundant resources, tutorials, and
community support for troubleshooting and
problem-solving.

• Integration with Other Libraries: OpenCV is

compatible with other popular libraries and
frameworks, such as NumPy, SciPy, and
Fig. 2 OpenCV Image Processing [3]
TensorFlow. This allows you to combine its
capabilities with other tools for more complex and
Our methodology revolves around the integration of
sophisticated tasks.
OpenCV, an open-source computer vision library, into road
expansion surveys. We explore the capabilities of OpenCV
for image processing, feature extraction, and object detection, • Machine Learning Integration: OpenCV integrates
ensuring the accurate identification of road components such with machine learning libraries, enabling the
as lane markings, signposts, and potential encroachments. development of intelligent computer vision
applications. You can use OpenCV in combination
Through comprehensive experimental results and case with deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow,
studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology PyTorch, and Caffe to create advanced models for
in real-world scenarios, highlighting its potential to automate image analysis.
road feature identification and survey processes while • Real-World Applications: OpenCV has been widely
reducing the need for manual intervention. This innovation used in various fields, including robotics,
has the capacity to significantly improve the accuracy, cost- autonomous vehicles, medical imaging,
effectiveness, and safety of road expansion surveys, surveillance, augmented reality, and more. Its
making it a valuable tool for civil engineering and adaptability and broad functionality make it suitable
transportation projects.[6] for a wide range of real-world applications.

III. OPENCV OVER OTHER • Continuous Development: OpenCV is under active

OpenCV, an open-source computer vision and image development and is regularly updated with new
processing library, is widely regarded as a powerful and features and improvements. This ensures that it
versatile tool for a multitude of reasons, which make it stand remains relevant and competitive in the rapidly
out compared to other image processing software. Here are evolving field of computer vision and image
some key points: processing.

• Open-Source and Free: OpenCV is an open-source • OpenCV Community Contributions: The OpenCV
library, meaning it is freely available to everyone. community continually shares pre-trained models,
This accessibility fosters a large and active code snippets, and custom implementations for
community of developers, researchers, and users, various tasks. This makes it easier for developers to
leading to continuous improvement and innovation. leverage existing resources and accelerate their
projects.
• Cross-Platform Compatibility: OpenCV is designed
to work on various platforms, including Windows, While OpenCV is a powerful and versatile library, the choice
Linux, macOS, iOS, and Android. This cross- of image processing software depends on the specific
platform support ensures that developers can use requirements of a project. Other libraries or software may be
OpenCV for a wide range of applications. more suitable for certain niche applications, but OpenCV's
broad capabilities and strong community support make it a
• Comprehensive Library: OpenCV offers an compelling choice for many developers and researchers.[4]
extensive collection of functions for image
processing, computer vision, and machine learning. IV. NECESSITY OF IMPROVEMENT
It encompasses a wide range of algorithms for tasks
like image enhancement, object detection, face OpenCV's superiority in the field of object detection can be
recognition, motion tracking, and more. attributed to several key factors, making it a compelling
choice over other object detection systems. Here's a detailed
explanation:
• High Performance: OpenCV is optimized for
performance and efficiency. It is written in C++ and
has interfaces for several programming languages, • Wide Range of Algorithms: OpenCV offers a wide
including Python. This allows developers to variety of object detection algorithms, such as Haar
leverage the library's speed and efficiency, making Cascades, HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients),
it suitable for real-time applications. and deep learning-based approaches like YOLO
 (You Only Look Once) and SSD (Single Shot capabilities. The wealth of resources available
MultiBox Detector). This versatility allows you to further eases the learning curve for newcomers.
choose the most suitable algorithm for your specific
object detection task. • Practical Applications: OpenCV has been
successfully used in a wide range of practical
• Community-Driven Development: OpenCV has a applications, including facial recognition,
large and active community of developers and pedestrian detection, object tracking, and more. Its
researchers who continually contribute to its object proven track record in various industries
detection capabilities. This means that you can demonstrates its reliability and suitability for object
leverage the collective knowledge and expertise of detection systems.
the community for improvements and updates in
object detection techniques. In summary, OpenCV's superiority in object detection can be
attributed to its broad array of algorithms, strong community
• Cross-Platform Compatibility: OpenCV is platform- support, cross-platform compatibility, real-time performance,
agnostic, making it compatible with various integration with other libraries, availability of pre-trained
operating systems and hardware platforms. This models, customizability, rich toolset, extensive
cross-platform support is crucial for developing documentation, and a history of practical applications. These
object detection systems that need to run on different factors collectively make OpenCV a robust and versatile
devices and environments. choice for object detection systems in a wide range of
domains.[1]
• Real-Time Performance: OpenCV is optimized for
real-time performance, allowing for fast and V. OBJECT DETECTION USING OPENCV

efficient object detection. Many of its object Object detection using OpenCV is a fundamental computer
detection algorithms are designed to work in real- vision task that involves locating and identifying objects of
time scenarios, making it suitable for applications interest within an image or a video stream. This process is
like surveillance, robotics, and autonomous crucial for various real-world applications, such as
vehicles. surveillance, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and even in
fields like healthcare and retail. OpenCV, as a widely-used
• Integration with Other Libraries: OpenCV can be open-source library, provides an extensive set of tools and
seamlessly integrated with other popular libraries functions for object detection.
and frameworks, such as NumPy, SciPy, and deep
learning frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch. OpenCV supports various object detection methods, and one
This integration makes it easier to combine object of the most popular techniques involves Haar Cascades. Haar
detection with other tasks or machine learning Cascades are used to detect objects through a trained set of
models. features known as Haar-like features, which are essentially
rectangles that capture the contrast between adjacent regions
• Pre-Trained Models: OpenCV provides pre-trained in an image. These features serve as classifiers, and the
models for object detection tasks, saving developers trained model can be applied to an image or video feed to
valuable time and computational resources. These detect objects based on the presence of these features. Haar
models are trained on large datasets and can be fine- Cascades are efficient and can be used for various objects,
tuned for specific applications, reducing the need to from faces to vehicles, and more.
train models from scratch.

• Customizability: OpenCV allows for customization

of object detection models and algorithms.
Developers can tailor the detection process to meet
specific requirements or adapt to unique scenarios,
making it highly adaptable for various applications.

• Rich Set of Tools and Features: OpenCV offers a

comprehensive set of tools for image preprocessing,
feature extraction, and post-processing of object
detection results. This helps in refining and
enhancing the object detection pipeline, resulting in
more accurate and reliable outcomes. Fig.3 Object Recognition [2]
In addition to Haar Cascades, OpenCV supports other object
• Documentation and Resources: OpenCV provides detection techniques, including HOG (Histogram of Oriented
extensive documentation, tutorials, and educational Gradients), which is effective in detecting objects with
resources. This aids developers in getting started distinct shapes, and deep learning-based methods like YOLO
with object detection and mastering the library's (You Only Look Once) and SSD (Single Shot MultiBox
Detector). These deep learning models have gained
popularity for their accuracy and speed, particularly when
dealing with complex and real-time object detection tasks. • This annotated dataset will serve as the ground truth
OpenCV allows you to easily implement these techniques and for training the model.
leverage pre-trained models for your projects.
4) Model Selection:
The object detection process in OpenCV generally follows a
series of steps. First, you'll need to load the image or video • Choose a suitable deep learning architecture for
feed into your application. Then, you can apply the object object detection and classification tasks, such as
detection algorithm of your choice to the input data. This Faster R-CNN, YOLO (You Only Look Once), or
involves specifying the target object you want to detect and SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector).
providing the model with the necessary parameters. OpenCV • These models are pre-trained on large-scale datasets
simplifies this process, making it relatively straightforward like COCO or ImageNet and can be fine-tuned on
for developers to configure and utilize these algorithms. our specific dataset.

5) Model Training:

• Initialize the chosen model with pre-trained weights.

• Fine-tune the model on the annotated dataset using
techniques like transfer learning.
• Optimize hyperparameters such as learning rate,
batch size, and number of epochs to improve
performance.
• Monitor the model's performance on a validation set
to prevent overfitting.
Fig.4 Classification Of Vehicles [4]
Once the object detection algorithm is applied, it will produce
bounding boxes around the detected objects within the image
or video. These bounding boxes define the regions in which
the objects are located. OpenCV provides tools to draw these
bounding boxes on the original image or video feed, making
it easy to visualize the detection results.

Furthermore, OpenCV offers options for post-processing the

detected objects. This includes tasks such as non-maximum
suppression to filter out duplicate or overlapping detections
and confidence score thresholds to ensure that only highly
reliable detections are considered.
VI. IMPLEMENTATION
1) Data Acquisition:

• Obtain a large dataset of traffic videos containing

various types of vehicles (cars, trucks, bikes, buses,
etc.).
• Ensure that the dataset covers different lighting
conditions, weather conditions, traffic densities, and
camera angles to make the model robust. Fig.5 Flowchart

2) Data Preprocessing: 6) Evaluation:

• Convert the videos into frames, extracting • Evaluate the trained model on a separate test set to
individual images for analysis. assess its performance metrics such as accuracy,
precision, recall, and F1-score.
• Resize the images to a uniform size for consistency.
• Adjust the model architecture or training parameters
• Normalize pixel values to ensure uniformity across
if necessary to improve performance.
different frames.
7) Post-processing:
3) Annotation:
• Apply non-maximum suppression (NMS) to
• Manually annotate each frame or a subset of frames
eliminate duplicate detections and refine bounding
in the dataset with bounding boxes around the
boxes.
vehicles and labels indicating the type of vehicle
(car, truck, bike, etc.). • Filter out detections below a certain confidence
threshold to improve accuracy.
 8) Integration:

• Integrate the trained model into a software

application capable of processing traffic videos.
• Implement functionalities for video input/output,
real-time processing, and visualization of results.

9) Deployment:

• Deploy the software on the desired platform,

whether it's a local machine, cloud server, or edge Fig 8. Saving The Recognized Data
device.
• Optimize the software for performance and
scalability, considering factors like processing
speed and memory usage.

10) Continuous Improvement:

• Collect feedback from users and monitor the

software's performance in real-world scenarios.
• Periodically retrain the model with new data to adapt
to changes in traffic patterns, vehicle designs, and
environmental conditions.
This implementation process provides a comprehensive Fig 9. The Database
framework for developing a software system capable of
categorizing vehicles in traffic videos accurately and
efficiently. It involves a combination of data processing,
machine learning, and software engineering techniques to
achieve the desired functionality.[5]
VIII. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, object detection using OpenCV is a versatile
VII. RESULTS and accessible task, thanks to the library's wide range of
supported techniques, including traditional methods like Haar
Cascades and advanced deep learning models like YOLO and
SSD. OpenCV simplifies the process of loading, applying,
and visualizing these object detection algorithms, making it a
valuable tool for a broad spectrum of computer vision
applications.[2]

Fig 6. Initial Image.

Fig 7. Recognition.
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