Series of inequalities and special way to solve

Nguyen Duy Khuong

Today I want to present you a series of nice and hard inequalities when I face them
in some TST exams of HNEU School and maths olympic problems.
Ex 1(HNEU TST 2014-2015):Let x, y, z be three non-negative real numbers sat-
isfy non two of them are equal. Prove:
x+y y+z z+x 9
2
+ 2
+ 2
>
(x − y) (y − z) (z − x) a+b+c
Solution: Let x−y = a y −z = b then we have x = y +a and y = z +b so x = z +a+b
then we have the inequality becomes:
2z + a + 2b 2z + b 2z + a + b
(3z + a + b)( + + )≥9
a2 b2 (a + b)2
(a + 2b)2 a + 2b a + 2b
⇔ + + ≥ 9( because z≥ 0)
a2 b a+b
Because it’s a same degree inequality so we can consider a + b = 1 and it becomes:
(b + 1)2 b + 1
+ +b+1≥9
(b − 1)2 b
(b + 1)2 1
⇔ + +b≥7
(b − 1)2 b
1 1
⇔ (b + )2 − 8(b + ) + 16 ≥ 0
b b
1
⇔ (b + − 4)2 ≥ 0(Right!!!)
b
√
The equality holds at (x, y, z) = (1, 2 − 3, 0)
Now let’s practice with some similar exercises:
Ex 2(Tran Nam Dung): Let a, b, c be non-negative real numbers satisfy non two
of them are equal.

1
 1 1 1
Find Min of P = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )( + + )
(x − y)2 (y − z)2 (z − x)2
Ex 3(VMO 2008): Let a, b, c be the non-negative real numbers satisfy non two of
them are equal
1 1 1 4
Prove that: 2
+ 2
+ 2
≥
(x − y) (y − z) (z − x) xy + yz + zx
Solution: We can consider that x > y > z > 0. Let x − y = a and y − z = b(a, b > 0).
Then x = z + a + b and y = z + b so we only have to prove the inequality:
P 1
((z + a + b)(z + b) + z(z + b) + z(z + a + b))( )≥4
(x − y)2
1 1 1
⇔ b(a + b)( 2
+ 2+ ) ≥ 4 (Because z ≥ 0)
a b (a + b)2
This is a same degree inequality so we can consider a + b = 1.
1 1
The inequality becomes: b( 2
+ 2 + 1) ≥ 4
(b − 1) b
⇔ b2 + (b − 1)2 + b2 (b − 1)2 + b2 (b − 1)2 ≥ 4b(b2 − 2b + 1)
⇔ b4 − 6b3 + 11b2 − 6b + 1 ≥ 0
⇔ (b2 − 3b + 1)2 ≥ 0(Right!!!)
√ √
The equality holds at (x, y, z) = ( 5 + 1, 5 − 1, 0)
Ex 4: Let a, b, c be non-negative real numbers satisfy non two of them are equal
(x + y)2 (y + z)2 (z + x)2
Find the Min of Q = + +
(x − y)2 (y − z)2 (z − x)2
Ex 5: Let a, b, c be non-negative real numbers satisfy non two of them are equal.
1 1 1
Find the Min of A = (x + y + z)2 ( + + )
(x − y)2 (y − z)2 (z − x)2
Ex.6: Let a, b, c be non-negative real numbers. Prove that:
√
(a + b + c)3 ≥ 6 3(a − b)(b − c)(c − a)
Solution: In the first case we see if two in a, b, c are 0 so we see the other is 0.So we
only prove the inequality in the case that non two of them are 0.
We consume that a > b > c. Let a − b = x and b − c = y so a = c + x + y and
b = c + y that means we only have to prove a new inequality:

2
 √
(3c + x + 2y)3 ≥ −6 3xy(x + y)
√
⇔ (x + 2y)3 + 6 3xy(x + y) ≥ 0
Because this is a same degree inequality so we can let y = 1. So the inequality
becomes:
√ √
x3 + (6 + 6 3)x2 + (12 + 6 3)x + 8 ≥ 0
√ √
⇔ (x + 3 − 1)2 (x + 8 + 4 3) ≥ 0(Right because a > c so x + y > 0 so if y = 1 then
x > −1 so the inequality always right)
√
The equality holds at (a, b, c) = (0, 0, 0); ( 3, 1, 0).
Ex.7: Let a, b, c be non-negative real numbers that: a + b + c = 1.
Find the Min of P = (a − b)3 + (b − c)3 + (c − a)3 .
This method is very good for some same degree cyclic inequalities but not always for
the conditional cyclic inequalities. But we still can fix this.
Ex.8(Cao Minh Quang): Let a, b, c be real numbers satisfy: a > b > c and
a2 + b2 + c2 = 5 then:
(a − b)(b − c)(c − a)(ab + bc + ca) > −4
Solution: Because a > b > c so always exists x > y > 0: a = c + x; b = c + y. With
a2 + b2 + c2 = 5 then we have 3c2 + 2c(x + y) + x2 + y 2 = 5 So the inequality becomes:
(x − y)xy(3c2 + 2c(x + y) + xy) > 4
⇔ xy(x − y)(5 − x2 − y 2 + xy) > 4
Let S = x − y and P = xy(S, P > 0) then (*) ⇔ S 3 P + SP 2 + 4 > 5SP
SP 2 SP 2 √
5
Use AM-GM we have: S 3 P + + + 2 + 2 > 5 S 5 P 5 = 5SP
2 2
The equality holds at: a = 2, b = 1, c = 0 or a = 0, b = −1, c = −2.
Ex.9(Cao Minh Quang): Let a, b, c be the real numbers. Prove that:
2(a2 + b2 )(b2 + c2 )(c2 + a2 ) > (a − b)2 (b − c)2 (c − a)2
Ex.10(Vo Quoc Ba Can): Let a, b, c be the real numbers that non-two of them are
equal.
1 1 1 9
Prove that: (a2 + b2 + c2 )( 2
+ 2
+ 2
)>
(a − b) (b − c) (c − a) 2