SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 9.
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1
WELCOME
STAR 'QR CODE'
DIGITAL MATERIAL
- Q
A R
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS-INDEX
T
1) Introduction Page to HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 02
S
2) Definitions, Graphs & Proofs of Hyperbolic &
Inverse Functions 03 - 06
9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
3
9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1. INTRODUCTION PAGE
Sections No. of periods Weightage in IPE
(4) [1x2=2]
1. Hyperbolic Functions 4 2 Marks
We recall that, sinq,cosq are known as circular functions because the
parametric equations x=sinq, y=cosq of these two trigonometric functions
correspond to the coordinates of a point on the unit circle x2+y2=1. Similarly, the func-
tions concerned to present topic are called Hyperbolic functions, because the para-
metric equations of these functions viz., x=sinhx, y=coshx correspond to the coordi-
Q
nate of a point on the Hyperbola x2-y2=1.
-
These hyperbolic functions are used to solve some problems related to Engi-
neering. For example, the tension at any point in a cable suspended by its ends and
R
hanging under its own weight such as electric transmission lines may be computed
with hyperbolic functions. Also these hyperbolic functions are useful in solving some
differential equations in Calculus.
A
Basically, there are six Hyperbolic functions each of which, is expressed in terms
T
of exponential functions of x viz., ex, e-x.
In the higher classes, it will be known that, this ex is expressible in the sum of
S
Z Z Z
infinite series as G Z
The six basic hyperbolic functions in terms of ex and ex are defined as follows:
G G Z
Z
is known as sine hyperbolic function and it is denoted by sinhx. This sinhx
G Z G Z G Z G Z
is a real valued function with domain R. Thus, UKPJZ Z 4 . is
known as cosine hyperbolic function and it is denoted by coshx. This coshx is a real
G Z G Z
valued function with domain R. Thus, EQUJZ ,"xÎR
Z Z
G G
is known as tangent hyperbolic function and it is denoted by tanhx.
G Z G Z
G Z G Z
This tanhx is a real valued function with domain R. Thus, VCPJZ ,"xÎR
G Z G Z
The reciprocal functions of the above hyperobic functions are as follows:
G Z G Z
EQUGEJZ Z z UGEJZ EQVJZ Zz
G Z G Z G Z G Z G Z G Z
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
3
2. Definitions, Graphs & Proofs of Hyperbolic &Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
f
x x2 xn
For any real x, the exponential function ex is defined as e x 1 ........ ¦
1! 2! n 0 n!
Def 1: The hyperbolic sine function, denoted by sinhx y=sinhx
e x e x
is defined as sinhx =
2
The domain of sinhx is R and Range is R
Def 2: The hyperbolic cosine function, denoted by coshx
y=coshx
e x e x
Q
is defined as coshx =
2
-
The domain of coshx is R and Range is [1,¥)
R
Def 3: The hyperbolic tangent function, denoted by tanhx
e x e x
A
is defined as tanhx =
e x e x
T
The domain of tanhx is R and Range is (-1,1)
S
Def 4: The hyperbolic cotangent function, denoted by cothx
e x e x
is defined as cothx =
e x e x
The domain of cothx is R-{0} & Range is (-¥,1)È(1,¥)
Def 5: The hyperbolic secant function, denoted by sechx
y=sechx
2
is defined as sechx =
e x e x
The domain of sechx is R & Range is (0,1]
Def 6: The hyperbolic cosecant function, denoted by cosechx
2
is defined as cosechx =
e e x
x
y=cschx
The domain of cosechx is R-{0} & Range is R-{0}
There is no lift to success, take the stairs one at a time
9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
5
8.2.INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
Def1: The function f:R®R defined by f(x)=sinhx is a bijection.
The inverse of f from R into R is called inverse hyperbolic
sine function and it is denoted by Sinh-1x.
Note 1 : Sinh-1x=t Û x=sinht, " xÎR.
Note 2 : sinh(Sinh-1x)=x, Sinh-1(sinht)=t.
Def 2: The function f:[0,¥)®[1,¥) defined by f(x)=coshx is a
bijection. The inverse of f from [1,¥) into [0,¥) is called
inverse hyperbolic cosine function and it is denoted by Cosh-1x.
Note 1: Cosh-1x=t Û x=cosht, " xÎ[1,¥)
Note 2: cosh(Cosh-1x)=x, Cosh-1(cosht)=t, where xÎ[1,¥), tÎ[0,¥)
Q
Def 3: The function f:R®(-1,1) defined by f(x)=tanhx is a bijection.
-
The inverse of f from (-1,1) into R is called inverse
hyperbolic tangent function and it is denoted by Tanh-1x.
R
Note 1: Tan-1x=t Û x=Tanht " xÎR
Note 2: tanh(Tanh-1x)=x, Tanh-1(tanht)=t for xÎR, tÎ(-1,1)
A
Def 4: The function f:R-{0}®(-¥,-1)È(1,¥) defined by f(x)=cothx
T
is a bijection.The inverse of f from (-¥,-1)È(1,¥) into
R-{0} is called inverse hyperbolic cotangent function.
S
and it is denoted by Coth-1x.
Note 1: Coth-1x=tÛx=cotht,"xÎR-{0}
Note 2: coth(Coth-1x)=x, Coth-1(cotht)=t for xÎR-{0}, tÎ(-¥,-1)È(1,¥)
Def 5: The function f:[0,¥)®(0,1] defined by f(x)=sechx is a
bijection. The inverse of f from (0,1] into [0,¥) is called
inverse hyperbolic secant function and it is denoted by Sech-1x.
Note 1: Sech-1x=t Û x=secht, "xÎ(0,1]
Note: sech(Sech-1x)=x, Sech-1(secht)=t for xÎ(0,1], tÎ[0,¥).
Def 6: The function f : R-{0}® R-{0} defined by f(x)=cosechx is
a bijection. The inverse of f from R-{0} into R-{0} is called
inverse hyperbolic cosecant function and it is denoted by
Cosech-1x.
Note 1: Cosec-1x=t Û x=cosecht, "xÎR-{0}.
Note 2: cosech(Cosech-1x)=x, Cosech-1(cosecht)=t for xÎR-{0}, tÎR-{0}
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
5
The domains and ranges of the inverse hyperbolic functions are as follows:
Function Domain Range
1. Sinh-1x R R
2. Cosh-1x [1,¥) [0,¥)
3. Tanh-1x (-1,1) R
4. Coth-1x (-¥,-1)È(1,¥) R-{0}
5. Sech-1x (0,1] [0,¥)
6. Cosec-1x R-{0} R-{0}
Theorem 1: Sinh 1 x log e ( x x 2 1) for xÎR
1 e t e t 1
Proof: Let Sinh x t, then sinh t x sinh t 2x e t
Q
2 et
2x r 4x 2 4
-
(e t ) 2 2xe t 1 0 e t x r x2 1
2
R
Since e t ! 0 we have e t x x2 1 t log e (x x 2 1)
Sinh 1x log e (x x 2 1)
A
Theorem 2: Cosh 1x log e ( x x 2 1) for x t 1
T
1 e t e t
Proof: Let Cosh x t, then cosh t x and t ! 0 x cosh t
2
S
t 2 t t 2x r 4x 2 4
(e ) 2xe 1 0 e x r x2 1
2
t log e (x r x 2 1) log e (x x 2 1) r1 r log e (x x 2 1)
Since e ! 0 we have t log e (x x 2 1)
1 1 §1 x ·
Theorem 3: Tanh x log e ¨ ¸ for x ( 1,1)
2 ©1 x ¹
Proof: Let Tanh 1x t, then x tanh t
1 e t e t1 x e t e t e t e t 2e t
e2t
t t t
1 x e e e e
t t t t
x e e 2e
§1 x · 1 §1 x ·
2t log e ¨ ¸ for x (1,1) t log e ¨ ¸
©1 x ¹ 2 ©1 x ¹
1 §1 x ·
Tanh 1x log e ¨ ¸ for x (1,1)
2 ©1 x ¹
9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
6
1 § x 1·
Theorem 4: Coth 1 x log e ¨ ¸ for | x | ! 1
2 © x 1¹
Proof: Let Coth 1 x t , then x coth t
e t e t x 1 e t e t e t e t 2e t
x coth t t
t t t
e 2t
t
e e x 1
e e e e t
2et
§ x 1· 1 § x 1· 1 1 § x 1·
2t log e ¨ ¸ for | x |! 1 t log e ¨ ¸ Cot x log e ¨ ¸ for | x |! 1
© x 1¹ 2 © x 1¹ 2 © x 1¹
ª1 1 x 2 º
Theorem 5: Sech 1 x log e « » for x (0,1]
«¬ x »¼
Proof: Let Sech 1x t , then sec ht x and t t 0
2 t t 2 t 2 2 t
x sec ht e e ( e ) e 1 0
e t e t x x
Q
2 4
r 4
-
t x x 2 1r 1 x2
e for x (0,1]
2 x
r1
R
§1r 1 x2 · §1r 1 x2 · §1 1 x2 ·
t log e ¨ ¸ log e ¨ ¸ r log¨ ¸
¨ x ¸ ¨ x ¸ ¨ x ¸
© ¹ © ¹ © ¹
A
Since t t 0 we have
ª1 1 x 2 º ª1 1 x 2 º
T
t log e « » Sech 1 x log e « » for x (0,1]
«¬ x »¼ «¬ x »¼
ª 2 º
S
Theorem 6: Co sec h 1 x log e «1 1 x » if x ! 0
«¬ x »¼
ª1 1 x 2 º
log e « » if x 0
«¬ x »¼
1
Proof: Let Co sec h x t , then x cos echt
2 2 2
x cos echt t t
e t e t (e t ) 2 e t 1 0
e e x x
2 4
r 4
t x x 2 1r 1 x2 1 1 x2 1 1 x2
e et if x ! 0 and e t if x ! 0
2 x x x
ª1 1 x 2 º ª1 1 x 2 º
t log e « » if x ! 0 and t log e « » if x 0
«¬ x »¼ «¬ x »¼
ª1 1 x 2 º ª1 1 x 2 º
Co sec h 1 x log e « » if x ! 0 log e « » if x 0
«¬ x »¼ «¬ x »¼
