SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 9.

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
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DIGITAL MATERIAL
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HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS-INDEX

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1) Introduction Page to HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 02

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2) Definitions, Graphs & Proofs of Hyperbolic &
Inverse Functions 03 - 06
9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1. INTRODUCTION PAGE
Sections No. of periods Weightage in IPE
(4) [1x2=2]
1. Hyperbolic Functions 4 2 Marks
We recall that, sinq,cosq are known as circular functions because the
parametric equations x=sinq, y=cosq of these two trigonometric functions
correspond to the coordinates of a point on the unit circle x2+y2=1. Similarly, the func-
tions concerned to present topic are called Hyperbolic functions, because the para-
metric equations of these functions viz., x=sinhx, y=coshx correspond to the coordi-

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nate of a point on the Hyperbola x2-y2=1.

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These hyperbolic functions are used to solve some problems related to Engi-
neering. For example, the tension at any point in a cable suspended by its ends and

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hanging under its own weight such as electric transmission lines may be computed
with hyperbolic functions. Also these hyperbolic functions are useful in solving some
differential equations in Calculus.

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Basically, there are six Hyperbolic functions each of which, is expressed in terms

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of exponential functions of x viz., ex, e-x.
In the higher classes, it will be known that, this ex is expressible in the sum of

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Z Z Z
infinite series as G Z     
  

The six basic hyperbolic functions in terms of ex and e–x are defined as follows:
G  G Z
Z
is known as sine hyperbolic function and it is denoted by sinhx. This sinhx

G Z  G Z G Z  G Z
is a real valued function with domain R. Thus, UKPJZ  Z  4 . is
 
known as cosine hyperbolic function and it is denoted by coshx. This coshx is a real
G Z  G Z
valued function with domain R. Thus, EQUJZ ,"xÎR
Z Z 
G G
is known as tangent hyperbolic function and it is denoted by tanhx.
G Z  G Z
G Z  G Z
This tanhx is a real valued function with domain R. Thus, VCPJZ ,"xÎR
G Z  G Z
The reciprocal functions of the above hyperobic functions are as follows:
  G Z  G Z
EQUGEJZ  Z z  UGEJZ  EQVJZ Zz
G Z  G Z G Z  G Z G Z  G Z
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2. Definitions, Graphs & Proofs of Hyperbolic &Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

f
x x2 xn
For any real x, the exponential function ex is defined as e x 1   ........ ¦
1! 2! n 0 n!

Def 1: The hyperbolic sine function, denoted by sinhx y=sinhx

e x  e x
is defined as sinhx =
2
The domain of sinhx is R and Range is R

Def 2: The hyperbolic cosine function, denoted by coshx

y=coshx
e x  e x

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is defined as coshx =
2

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The domain of coshx is R and Range is [1,¥)

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Def 3: The hyperbolic tangent function, denoted by tanhx

e x  e x

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is defined as tanhx =
e x  e x

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The domain of tanhx is R and Range is (-1,1)

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Def 4: The hyperbolic cotangent function, denoted by cothx

e x  e x
is defined as cothx =
e x  e x
The domain of cothx is R-{0} & Range is (-¥,1)È(1,¥)

Def 5: The hyperbolic secant function, denoted by sechx

y=sechx
2
is defined as sechx =
e x  e x
The domain of sechx is R & Range is (0,1]

Def 6: The hyperbolic cosecant function, denoted by cosechx

2
is defined as cosechx =
e  e x
x
y=cschx
The domain of cosechx is R-{0} & Range is R-{0}

There is no lift to success, take the stairs one at a time

9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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8.2.INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
Def1: The function f:R®R defined by f(x)=sinhx is a bijection.
The inverse of f from R into R is called inverse hyperbolic
sine function and it is denoted by Sinh-1x.
Note 1 : Sinh-1x=t Û x=sinht, " xÎR.
Note 2 : sinh(Sinh-1x)=x, Sinh-1(sinht)=t.

Def 2: The function f:[0,¥)®[1,¥) defined by f(x)=coshx is a

bijection. The inverse of f from [1,¥) into [0,¥) is called
inverse hyperbolic cosine function and it is denoted by Cosh-1x.
Note 1: Cosh-1x=t Û x=cosht, " xÎ[1,¥)
Note 2: cosh(Cosh-1x)=x, Cosh-1(cosht)=t, where xÎ[1,¥), tÎ[0,¥)

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Def 3: The function f:R®(-1,1) defined by f(x)=tanhx is a bijection.

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The inverse of f from (-1,1) into R is called inverse
hyperbolic tangent function and it is denoted by Tanh-1x.

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Note 1: Tan-1x=t Û x=Tanht " xÎR
Note 2: tanh(Tanh-1x)=x, Tanh-1(tanht)=t for xÎR, tÎ(-1,1)

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Def 4: The function f:R-{0}®(-¥,-1)È(1,¥) defined by f(x)=cothx

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is a bijection.The inverse of f from (-¥,-1)È(1,¥) into
R-{0} is called inverse hyperbolic cotangent function.

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and it is denoted by Coth-1x.
Note 1: Coth-1x=tÛx=cotht,"xÎR-{0}
Note 2: coth(Coth-1x)=x, Coth-1(cotht)=t for xÎR-{0}, tÎ(-¥,-1)È(1,¥)

Def 5: The function f:[0,¥)®(0,1] defined by f(x)=sechx is a

bijection. The inverse of f from (0,1] into [0,¥) is called
inverse hyperbolic secant function and it is denoted by Sech-1x.
Note 1: Sech-1x=t Û x=secht, "xÎ(0,1]
Note: sech(Sech-1x)=x, Sech-1(secht)=t for xÎ(0,1], tÎ[0,¥).

Def 6: The function f : R-{0}® R-{0} defined by f(x)=cosechx is

a bijection. The inverse of f from R-{0} into R-{0} is called
inverse hyperbolic cosecant function and it is denoted by
Cosech-1x.
Note 1: Cosec-1x=t Û x=cosecht, "xÎR-{0}.
Note 2: cosech(Cosech-1x)=x, Cosech-1(cosecht)=t for xÎR-{0}, tÎR-{0}
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The domains and ranges of the inverse hyperbolic functions are as follows:

Function Domain Range

1. Sinh-1x R R
2. Cosh-1x [1,¥) [0,¥)
3. Tanh-1x (-1,1) R
4. Coth-1x (-¥,-1)È(1,¥) R-{0}
5. Sech-1x (0,1] [0,¥)
6. Cosec-1x R-{0} R-{0}

Theorem 1: Sinh 1 x log e ( x  x 2  1) for xÎR

1 e t  e t 1
Proof: Let Sinh x t, then sinh t x Ÿ sinh t Ÿ 2x e t 

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2 et
2x r 4x 2  4

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Ÿ (e t ) 2  2xe t  1 0 Ÿ e t x r x2  1
2

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Since e t ! 0 we have e t x  x2  1 Ÿ t log e (x  x 2  1)

Ÿ Sinh 1x log e (x  x 2  1)

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Theorem 2: Cosh 1x log e ( x  x 2  1) for x t 1

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1 e t  e t
Proof: Let Cosh x t, then cosh t x and t ! 0 Ÿ x cosh t
2

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t 2 t t 2x r 4x 2  4
Ÿ (e )  2xe  1 0 Ÿ e x r x2  1
2
Ÿt log e (x r x 2  1) log e (x  x 2  1) r1 r log e (x  x 2  1)

Since e ! 0 we have t log e (x  x 2  1)

1 1 §1 x ·
Theorem 3: Tanh x log e ¨ ¸ for x  (  1,1)
2 ©1 x ¹
Proof: Let Tanh 1x t, then x tanh t
1 e t  e t1  x e t  e t  e t  e t 2e t
Ÿ Ÿ e2t
t t t 
1 x e  e  e  e
t t  t  t
x e e 2e
§1 x · 1 §1 x ·
Ÿ 2t log e ¨ ¸ for x  (1,1) Ÿ t log e ¨ ¸
©1 x ¹ 2 ©1 x ¹
1 §1 x ·
Ÿ Tanh 1x log e ¨ ¸ for x  (1,1)
2 ©1 x ¹
9. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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1 § x 1·
Theorem 4: Coth 1 x log e ¨ ¸ for | x | ! 1
2 © x 1¹
Proof: Let Coth 1 x t , then x coth t
e t  e t x 1 e t  e t  e t  e t 2e t
Ÿx coth t t
Ÿ t t t
e 2t
t
e e x 1
e e e e t
2et

§ x  1· 1 § x  1· 1 1 § x  1·
Ÿ 2t log e ¨ ¸ for | x |! 1 Ÿ t log e ¨ ¸ Ÿ Cot x log e ¨ ¸ for | x |! 1
© x 1¹ 2 © x 1¹ 2 © x 1¹

ª1  1  x 2 º
Theorem 5: Sech 1 x log e « » for x  (0,1]
«¬ x »¼
Proof: Let Sech 1x t , then sec ht x and t t 0
2 t t 2 t 2 2 t
Ÿ x sec ht Ÿ e  e Ÿ ( e )  e 1 0
e t  e t x x

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2 4
r 4

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t x x 2 1r 1 x2
Ÿe for x  (0,1]
2 x
r1

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§1r 1 x2 · §1r 1 x2 · §1 1 x2 ·
Ÿ t log e ¨ ¸ log e ¨ ¸ r log¨ ¸
¨ x ¸ ¨ x ¸ ¨ x ¸
© ¹ © ¹ © ¹

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Since t t 0 we have
ª1  1  x 2 º ª1  1  x 2 º

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t log e « » Ÿ Sech 1 x log e « » for x  (0,1]
«¬ x »¼ «¬ x »¼
ª 2 º

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Theorem 6: Co sec h 1 x log e «1  1  x » if x ! 0
«¬ x »¼
ª1  1  x 2 º
log e « » if x  0
«¬ x »¼
1
Proof: Let Co sec h x t , then x cos echt
2 2 2
Ÿx cos echt t t
Ÿ e t  e t Ÿ (e t ) 2  e t  1 0
e e x x
2 4
r 4
t x x 2 1r 1 x2 1 1 x2 1 1 x2
Ÿe Ÿ et if x ! 0 and e t if x ! 0
2 x x x
ª1  1  x 2 º ª1  1  x 2 º
Ÿ t log e « » if x ! 0 and t log e « » if x  0
«¬ x »¼ «¬ x »¼
ª1  1  x 2 º ª1  1  x 2 º
Ÿ Co sec h 1 x log e « » if x ! 0 log e « » if x  0
«¬ x »¼ «¬ x »¼