SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 10.

PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
1

WELCOME
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STAR 'QR CODE'
DIGITAL MATERIAL
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A
PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES -INDEX

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1) Introduction Page to Prop. of Triangles 02

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2) Additional Q's on P.T-I 03 - 05

3) Additional Q's on P.T-II 06 - 07

4) Additional Q's on Heights & Distances 08 - 09

10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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10.PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

1. INTRODUCTION PAGE
No. of periods Weightage in IPE
Sections (15 ) [1x4+ 1x7 =13]

1. Properties of Triangles-I 9 4 or 7 marks

2. Properties of Triangles-II 6 4 or 7 marks

The three sides and three angles of a triangle are called the six elements of

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the triangle. When three elements of a triangle are given, atleast one of them being

-
a side, then the remaining three elements can be calculated and this process is known

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as 'solving a triangle' . For this, we have to depend on some formulae known as sine
rule, cosine rule, tangent rule, projection rule etc., Problems related with the sides,

A
angles, half angles, inradius, exradius etc., are dealt with in this topic "Properties
of Triangles".

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In DABC the angles at the vertices A,B,C
are denoted by A,B,C respectively. The sides BC,
CA, AB are denoted by a,b,c respectively. i.e, a,b,c
are the sides opposite to the angles A,B,C respec-
c
A

tively. B a C

The perimeter of DABC is 2S=a+b+c, where S is the semi perimeter.

The area of DABC is denoted by D

The circumradius, inradius of DABC are denoted by R, r respectively.

The radii of the excircles opposite to the vertices A,B,C are denoted by r1, r2 , r3
respectively.

Some model problems on Heights & Distances are given at the end.
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
3

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ON
PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES-I

1. Prove that ¦ a3sin(B  C) = 0

Sol: L.H.S ¦ a 2 [a sin(B  C)] ¦ a 2 [2 R.sin A sin(B  C)]

R ¦ a 2 2 sin(180 º  B  C)sin(B  C) R ¦ a 2 [2 sin(B  C).sin(B  C)]

§ 2 2 ·
2R ¦a2 (sin2 B  sin2 C) 2R ¦a2 ¨© 4bR2  4cR2 ¸¹

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1 1 2 2 2
¦ a 2 [(b2  c2 )] [a (b  c )  b2 (c2  a 2 )  c2 (a 2  b2 )]

-
2R 2R
1 2 2 1
a b  a 2 c2  b 2 c2  a 2 b 2  a 2 c2  b 2 c 2 .0 0 R.H.S

R
2R 2R
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
asin(B  C) bsin(C  A) csin(A  B)

A
2. Prove that 2 2
=
2 2
=
b c c a a2  b2

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a sin(B  C) 2 R.sin A sin(B  C) sin(180 º B  C)sin(B  C) sin(B  C) 1
Sol: 2 2 2 2 2 2 R sin(B  C)sin(B  C) 2 R.sin(B  C)
b c 4 R (sin B  sin C) 2R

S
bsin(C  A) 1 csin(A  B) 1
Similary we can show that 2 2
;
c a 2R a 2  b2 2R

a sin(B  C) b sin(C  A) csin(A  B)

?
2 2 2 2
b c c a a 2  b2
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
sin(B  C)
3. Prove that ¦ a2 sinB + sinC = 0
sin(B  C) a sin(B  C)
Sol: L.H.S ¦ a 2 §¨© sin B  sin C ·¸¹ ¦ a §¨© sin B  sin C ·¸¹
2 R.sin A.sin(B  C) 2 R.sin(B  C)sin(B  C) 2R.(sin 2 B  sin 2 C)
¦ a
sin B  sin C
¦ a
sin B  sin C
¦ a
sin B  sin C
2R.(sin B  sin C)(sin B  sin C)
¦a sin B  sin C
¦ a.2R(sin B  sin C) ¦ a.(2R sin B  2R sin C)
¦ a(b  c) a(b  c)  b(c  a)  c(a  b) ab  ac  bc  ab  ca  bc 0
10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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4. Prove that (b - a)cosC + c(cosB - cosA) = c.sin §¨ A - B ·¸ cosec §¨ A + B ·¸

© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

Sol: L.H.S. = bcosC – acosC + ccosB –c cosA

= (bcosC + ccosB) –(acosC + ccosA)= a–b=2R(sinA–sinB)

§ AB AB· AB § C·

2 R ¨ 2 cos sin ¸ 4 R sin cos ¨ 90 º  ¸
© 2 2 ¹ 2 © 2¹

A  B·
2R §¨ 2 sin cos ·¸ sin §¨
C C
¸
A  B· C
4Rsin ¨§ ¸ sin
© 2 2¹ © 2 ¹
© 2 ¹ 2 cos
C
2

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A B· § A  B·
2RsinCsin §¨ ¸ csin ¨ ¸

-
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ csin § A  B · cosec § A  B · R.H.S
¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
A  B· A  B·
cos §¨ 90º  ¸ sin §¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

D  E WDQ §¨
A-B·

A
b-c A b+c A
5. Show that (i) ¸  (ii) cot + tan = 2cosec(B - C)
© 2 ¹ b+c 2 b-c 2

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AB·
Sol: (i) ¦ >2 R sin A  2 R sin B@ tan §¨© ¸
2 ¹

S
AB·
= ¦ 2R(sin A  sin B).tan §¨© ¸
2 ¹

AB·
sin §¨ ¸
ª § A B· § AB· º © 2 ¹
¦ 2R «2 sin ¨
© 2 ¹
¸ . cos ¨ ¸ ».
© 2 ¹¼ AB·
¬ cos §¨ ¸
© 2 ¹

ª B º ª º
¦ 4 R «¬sin §¨© 2  2 ·¸¹ sin §¨© 2  2 ·¸¹ »¼ ¦ 4 R «¬sin 2 2  sin 2 2 »¼
A B A A B

ª§ A B· § B C· § C A ·º
4R «¨ sin2  sin2 ¸  ¨ sin2  sin2 ¸  ¨ sin2  sin2 ¸» =4R(0)=0=R.H.S.
¬© 2 2¹ © 2 2¹ © 2 2 ¹¼

(ii) From Napier's formula

bc A § BC· bc A 1
cot tan ¨ ¸Ÿ tan
bc © 2 ¹ bc C·
tan §¨
2 2 B
¸
© 2 ¹
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
5

bc A bc A § BC· 1

L.H.S = cot  tan tan ¨ ¸
bc 2 bc 2 © 2 ¹ tan § B  C ·
¨ ¸
© 2 ¹

BC·
1  tan 2 §¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ 2 2
2 cos ec(B  C) R.H.S
BC· BC· sin(B  C)
tan §¨ ¸ 2 tan §¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
BC·
1  tan 2 §¨ ¸
© 2 ¹
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
a 2  b2
6. If C=90º then prove that sin(A  B) 1 EAM Q
a 2  b2

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Sol: Given that C=90º then c2=a2+b2

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a 2  b2 c2 4R 2 sin 2 C
L.H.S. sin(A  B) sin(A  B) sin(A  B)

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a 2  b2 a 2  b2 4 R 2 (sin 2 A  sin 2 B)
2 2
sin C sin C
sin(A  B) sin(A  B)

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2
sin A  sin B 2 sin(A  B) sin(A  B)

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sin 2 C sin C.sin C sin 90 º sin(A  B)
sin 90 º 1
sin(A  B) sin(A  B) sin(A  B)

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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

7. Prove that (b  c) cos §¨ B  C ·¸ a cos §¨ B  C ·¸

© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

BC· § BC·
2 sin §¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸
bc 2R sin B  2R sin C sin B  sin C © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
Sol: Consider
a 2R sin A sin A A A
2 sin cos
2 2

BC· § BC·
sin §¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸ cos §¨
BC·
¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
BC·
cos §¨
BC· § BC·
¸ sin ¨ ¸ cos §¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

BC·
cos §¨ ¸
bc © 2 ¹
? §BC· §BC·
a § B  C · Ÿ (b  c) cos ¨ ¸ a cos ¨ ¸
cos ¨ ¸ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
© 2 ¹
10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ON
PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES-II
BC·
1. Prove that 6(r  r1 ) tan §¨ ¸ 0
© 2 ¹
A B C A B C
Sol: r  r1 4R sin sin sin  4R sin cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
Aª B Cº BC·
cos §¨
C B A
4 R sin « sin sin  cos cos » 4 R sin ¸
2¬ 2 2 2 2¼ 2 © 2 ¹

ª BC·º
« sin §¨ ¸
Ÿ (r  rl ) tan §¨
%C· A §%C· © 2 ¹»
¸« »

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¸ 4 R sin cos ¨
© 2 ¹ 2 © 2 ¹ « cos § B  C · »
¨ ¸
¬« © 2 ¹ ¼»

4 R cos §¨
%C· §%C·
¸ sin ¨
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

Hence 6(r  r1 ) tan ¨§

¸

BC·

R
2 R(sin B  sin C) b  c

¸ 6(b  c) =b–c+c–a+a–b=0
-
A
EAM Q
© 2 ¹
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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C C
2. Show that r1  r2 tan (r3  r) cot c.
2 2

S
C
ª sin
C A B C A B Cº 2
Sol: Consider r1  r2 tan « 4 R sin cos cos  4 R cos sin cos »
2 ¬ 2 2 2 2 2 2 ¼
cos
C
2
ª A B A Bº C §AB· C § C· C
4 R «sin cos  cos sin » sin 4 R sin ¨ ¸ sin 4 R sin ¨ 90 º  ¸ sin
¬ 2 2 2 2¼ 2 © 2 ¹ 2 © 2¹ 2

2 R ª«2 sin cos º»

C C C C
4R cos sin
¬ 2 2¼ 2 R sin C c ......(1)
2 2
C
ª cos
C A B C A B Cº 2
Now consider (r3  r) cot « 4 Rcos cos sin  4 R sin sin sin »
2 ¬ 2 2 2 2 2 2 ¼
sin
C
2
AB·
4 R ª«cos cos  sin sin º» cos 4R cos §¨
A B A B C C
¸ cos
¬ 2 2 2 2¼ 2 © 2 ¹ 2

§ C· C C C ª C Cº
4R cos ¨ 90 º  ¸ cos 4 R sin cos 2 R «2 sin cos » 2 R sin C c ......(2)
© 2¹ 2 2 2 ¬ 2 2¼
C C
? From(1) & (2), r1  r2 tan (r3  r)cot c.
2 2
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
7

rr1 4 R  r1  r2
3. Show that i) a (r2  r3 ) ii) ' r1r2
r2 r3 r1  r2

' '
.
rr1 s sa (s  b)(s  c)
Sol: (i) Consider
r2 .r3 ' ' s(s  a)
.
sb sc

' ' '[(s  b)  (s  c)] '[(2s  b  c)] ' (a  b  c  b  c) '.a

Now r2  r3 
sb sc (s  b)(s  c) (s  b)(s  c) (s  b)(s  c) (s  b)(s  c)

'a (s  b)(s  c) 'a 'a

R.H,.S a L.H.S
(s  b)(s  c) s(s  a) s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c) '

- Q
C
4R  4 R cos2
4R  r1  r2 4 R  (r1  r2 ) 2 ª' r  r cº
(ii) R.H.S r1r2 r1r2 r1r2 «¬ 1 2 4 R cos2 »
r1  r2 r1  r2 4 R cos2
C 2¼

R
2

A
4R §¨1  cos2 ·¸
C C
sin2
© 2¹ ' ' C

T
r1r2 r1r2 2 tan
4R cos2
C
cos 2C sa sb 2
2 2

'2
(s  a)(s  b)
(s  b)(s  a)
s(s  c)
S '2
s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c)
'2
'
' L.H.S
10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
8

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ON
PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES-III
HEIGHTS & DISTANCES
1. Two trees A and B are on the same side of a river. From a point C in the river the
distances of the trees A and B are 250m and 300m respectively. If the angle C is 45º,
find the distance between the trees (use 2 = 1.414 )
Sol: Note that triangle ABC may not be a right angled triangle.
Hence, applying cosine rule on DABC, we have
C river
AB2 = BC2+AC2–2BC.AC cos45º

(
45º
Þ AB2 = 2502 + 3002 –2(250)(300)cos45º
300m 250m
1
= (25´10)2+(30´10)2+2(25)(10)(30)(10).

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2 A B

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= 100(625+900– 750 2 ) @ 46450.
? AB # 46450 215.5 m

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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
2. The upper 3/4th portion of a vertical pole subtends an angle Tan–1(3/5) at a point in
the horizontal plane through its foot and at a distance 40m from the foot. Given that

A
the vertical pole is at a height less than 100m from the ground, find its height.

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Sol: Let AB denote the pole of height h; BD=3h/4, AD=h/4. Also, AC=40
1 3 3
Given ‘BCD Tan T Ÿ tan T

S
5 5
Let ÐDCA = a and ÐBCA = b
\ b=q+a Þ q=b–a h B
>

AD 4 h
From DDCA, tan D 3h
AC 40 160 4
AB h
From DBCA, tan E D h
AC 40
tan E  tan D h
\ tanq=tan(b–a)
)q
4
1  tan E tan D
) b) a
<

C 40 A
h h 4h  h
 3 3h 6400 1 40h
3 40 160 160
Þ Þ u Ÿ
5 § h ·§ h · 6400  h 2 5 160 6400  h 2 5 6400  h 2
¨ ¸¨ ¸
© 40 ¹© 160 ¹ 6400
Þ 6400 + h2 = 200h Þ h2–200h+6400=0
Þ h2–160h–40h+6400=0 Þ h(h–160)–40(h–160)=0
Þ (h–160)(h–40)=0 Þ h = 40 or 160
But given that, height of pole is less than 100 m \ h=40m
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
9
3. AB is a vertical pole with B at the ground level and and A at the top. A man finds that
the angle of elevation of the point A from a certain point C on the ground is 60º. He
moves away from the pole along the line BC to a point D such that CD=7m. From D,
the angle of elevation of the point A is 45º. Find the height of the pole.
Sol: Let AB denote the pole of height 'h'
Given CD=7 A
ÐACB=60º, ÐADB = 45º
Let BC=x h
From DACB, tan 60º = h/x
) 45º ) 60º
h h D 7 C x B
Þ 3 Ÿx .......(1)
x 3

h Ÿ1 h Ÿh x  7
From DADB, tan 45º
7x 7x
h § 1 ·

Q
(1) Ÿ h  7 Ÿ h ¨1  ¸ 7
3 © 3¹

-
§ 3 1 · 7 3 7 3 3  1 7 3( 3  1)
Ÿ h ¨¨ ¸¸ 7 Ÿ h u m
© 3 ¹ 3 1 3 1 3 1 2

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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
4. The angle of elevation of the top point P of the vertical tower PQ of height h from a

A
point A is 45º and from a point B is 60º, where B is a point at a distance 30 meters
from the point A measured along the line AB which makes an angle 30º with AQ.

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Find the height of the tower.
P

S
Sol: PQ is the tower of height h. A and B are the points of observation. AB=30;
(
15º
ÐPAQ = 45º; ÐBAQ = 30º. Hence ÐPAB = 45º – 30º = 15º
Let the line extension of AB meets PQ at R. 60º R
) )30º
C
From DABP, ÐPBR = 60º–30º = 30º ? ÐABP = 180º–30º = 150º B
30
? ÐAPB=180º–(ÐPAB +ÐABP)= 180º–(15º+150º)=15º )15º
)45º) 30º Q
Applying sine rule on DPAB; A

30 AP 30 u sin150º 1 2 2 30 2
Ÿ AP 30 u u
sin15º sin150º sin15º 2 3 1 3 1
PQ 1 PQ PA
From DPAQ; sin 45º Ÿ Ÿ PQ
PA 2 PA 2

1 30 2 30 30( 3  1) 30( 3  1)
15( 3  1)m
2 3 1 3 1 ( 3  1)( 3  1) 2