tic

clc;

%clear all;

n=14;

nline=20;

maxiter=100;

a=[1 2 0.019380 0.059170 0.026400 0.026400 1.000000

2 3 0.046990 0.197970 0.021900 0.021900 1.000000

2 4 0.058110 0.176320 0.018700 0.018700 1.000000

1 5 0.054030 0.223040 0.024600 0.024600 1.000000

2 5 0.056950 0.173880 0.017000 0.017000 1.000000

3 4 0.067010 0.171030 0.017300 0.017300 1.000000

4 5 0.013350 0.042110 0.006400 0.006400 1.000000

5 6 0.000000 0.252020 0.000000 0.000000 0.932000

4 7 0.000000 0.209120 0.000000 0.000000 0.978000

7 8 0.000000 0.176150 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

4 9 0.000000 0.556180 0.000000 0.000000 0.969000

7 9 0.000000 0.110010 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

9 10 0.031810 0.084500 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

6 11 0.094980 0.198900 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

6 12 0.122910 0.255810 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

6 13 0.066150 0.130270 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

9 14 0.127110 0.270380 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

10 11 0.082050 0.192070 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

12 13 0.220920 0.199880 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

13 14 0.170930 0.348020 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000];

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.19 0 0 0 0 0

b=[2.324 -0.1601 0 0

0.4 0.4541 0.217 0.127

0 0.2528 0.942 0.19

0 0 0.478 -0.039

0 0 0.076 0.016

0 0.1362 0.112 0.075

0 0 0 0

0 0.1824 0 0

0 0 0.295 0.166

0 0 0.090 0.058

0 0 0.035 0.018

0 0 0.061 0.016

0 0 0.135 0.058

0 0 0.149 0.05 ];

c=[2 1.06 0 10

2 1 0 10

2 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

2 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

2 1 0 10

1 1 0 10
1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10] ;

Melkie newton

% IMPLEMENTATION OF NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD IN MATLAB

% DESIGNED BY:

% HAFIZ KASHIF KHALEEL B-12588

% CREATED: 16-JAN-2010

% SEMESTER # 7, EE(POWER).

% SUBJECT: POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL.

% TEXT BOOK: POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS BY WILLIAM D. STEVENSON, JR.

% CHAPTER # 9.3 - 9.4 (PAGE # 342 - 356).

% UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA. LAHORE. PAKISTAN.

%======================================================= DATA INPUT

=======================================================%

format short g

disp (' TABLE 9.2 PAGE # 337 LINE DATA FOR EXAMPLE 9.2 ')

linedata=[1 2 0.01008, 0.05040, 3.815629, -19.078144, 10.25, 0.05125;

1 3 0.00744, 0.03720, 5.169561, -25.847809, 7.75, 0.03875;

2 4 0.00744, 0.03720, 5.169561, -25.847809, 7.75, 0.03875;

3 4 0.01272, 0.06360, 3.023705, -15.118528, 12.75, 0.06375]

disp (' TABLE 9.3 PAGE # 338 BUS DATA FOR EXAMPLE 9.2 ')

busdata=[1 0, 0, 50, 30.99, 1.00, 0 1;

2 0, 0, 170, 105.35, 1.00, 0 2;

3 0, 0, 200, 123.94, 1.00, 0 2;

 4 318, 0 , 80, 49.58, 1.02, 0 3]

% Last column shows Bus Type: 1.Slack Bus 2.PQ Bus 3.PV Bus

%=================================================== PROGRAM STARTS HERE

===================================================%

ss=i*linedata(:,8); % Y/2

y=linedata(:,5)+i*linedata(:,6);

totalbuses = max(max(linedata(:,1)),max(linedata(:,2))); % total buses

totalbranches = length(linedata(:,1)); % no. of branches

ybus = zeros(totalbuses,totalbuses);

w=0;

u=0;

for n=1:totalbuses % total no of PV busses

if busdata(n,2)>0

w=w+1;

end

end

for n=2:totalbuses % total no of PQ busses

if busdata(n,2)==0

u=u+1;

end

end

% ------ INITIALLIZING YBUS ------

for b=1:totalbranches

ybus((linedata(b,1)),(linedata(b,2)))=-y(b);

ybus((linedata(b,2)),(linedata(b,1))) =ybus((linedata(b,1)),(linedata(b,2)));

end
for c=1:totalbuses

for d=1:totalbranches

if linedata(d,1) == c || linedata(d,2) == c

ybus(c,c) = ybus(c,c) + y(d) + ss(d);

end

end

end

disp('TABLE 9.3 PAGE # 338 BUS ADMITTANCE MATRIX FOR EXAMPLE 9.2')

ybus

ybusR=zeros(totalbuses,totalbuses);

ybusA=zeros(totalbuses,totalbuses);

z=zeros(totalbuses,8);

busnumber=busdata(:,1);

PG=busdata(:,2);

QG=busdata(:,3);

PL=busdata(:,4);

QL=busdata(:,5);

V=busdata(:,6);

VV=V;

ANG=busdata(:,7);

type = busdata(:,8);

s=(2*totalbuses)-w-2;

J=zeros(s,s); % initiallizing empty jacobian matrix

MM=zeros(s,1);

AN=ANG;

P = (PG-PL)./100; % per unit active power at buses

Q = (QG-QL)./100; % per unit reactive power at buses

tol=1;

iter=0;
kk=input('Enter the tolerance for iteration ');

%------------------------------Rect to Polar--------------------------------

for b=1:totalbranches

% Real part of ybus

ybusR((linedata(b,1)),(linedata(b,2)))=abs(-y(b));

ybusR((linedata(b,2)),(linedata(b,1))) =ybusR((linedata(b,1)),(linedata(b,2)));

ybusR(b,b)=abs(-ybus(b,b));

% Angle of ybus

ybusA((linedata(b,1)),(linedata(b,2)))=angle(-y(b));

ybusA((linedata(b,2)),(linedata(b,1))) =ybusA((linedata(b,1)),(linedata(b,2)));

ybusA(b,b)=angle(-ybus(b,b));

end

ybusR;

ybusA;

while tol > kk

%------------------------ Delta P --------------------------------%

for i = 2:totalbuses

YVV = 0;

for n = 1:totalbuses

if i~=n

YVV = YVV + (ybusR(i,n)* V(n)*V(i))*cos((ybusA(i,n))+busdata(n,7)-busdata(i,7)); % multiplying

admittance & voltage

end

YVV;

end
 Pc(i) = ((abs(V(i))^2)*real(ybus(i,i)))+YVV; % Compute Calculated P.

deltaP(i)=P(i)-Pc(i);

end

Pc;

dp=deltaP';

for i=2:totalbuses

MM(i-1,1)=dp(i);

end

%------------------------ Delta Q -----------------------------%

for i = 2:totalbuses-w

if busdata(i,8)== 2

YVV = 0;

for n = 1:totalbuses

if i~=n

YVV = YVV + (ybusR(i,n)* V(n)*V(i))*sin((ybusA(i,n))+busdata(n,7)-busdata(i,7)); % multiplying

admittance & voltage

end

YVV;

end

Qc(i) = -((abs(V(i))^2)*imag(ybus(i,i)))-YVV; % Compute Calculated Q.

deltaQ(i)=Q(i)-Qc(i);

end

end

Qc;

dq=deltaQ';
for i=2:totalbuses-w

if busdata(i,8)== 2

MM(totalbuses-2+i,1)=dq(i);

else

i=i-1;

end

end

J11=zeros(totalbuses-1,totalbuses-1);

J12=zeros(totalbuses-1,u);

J21=zeros(u,totalbuses-1);

J22=zeros(u,u);

%----------------------------J11-------------------------------%

for i=2:totalbuses

for j=2:totalbuses

if i~=j

J11(i-1,j-1)= -abs(((ybusR(i,j)* V(i)*V(j)))*sin((ybusA(i,j))+busdata(j,7)-busdata(i,7)));

end

if i==j

for n=1:totalbuses

if n~=i

J11(i-1,i-1)=J11(i-1,i-1)+( abs(((ybusR(i,n)* V(i)*V(n)))*sin((ybusA(i,n))+busdata(n,7)-

busdata(i,7))));

end

end

end
 end

end

J11;

%----------------------------J12-------------------------------%

for i=2:totalbuses

for j=2:totalbuses-w

if busdata(j,8)== 2

if i~=j

J12(i-1,j-1)= (abs(V(j))*abs((ybusR(i,j)* V(i))))*cos((ybusA(i,j))+busdata(j,7)-busdata(i,7));

end

yv12=0;

if i==j

for n=1:totalbuses

if n~=i

yv12=yv12 + abs((ybusR(i,n)* V(n)))*cos((ybusA(i,n))+busdata(n,7)-busdata(i,7));

end

end

J12(i-1,j-1) = abs(V(i))*(2*abs(V(i))*real(ybus(i,i))+yv12);

end

end

end

end

J12;

%----------------------------J21-------------------------------%
 for i=2:totalbuses-w

if busdata(i,8)== 2

for j=2:totalbuses

if i~=j

J21(i-1,j-1)= abs(((ybusR(i,j)* V(i)*V(j)))*cos((ybusA(i,j))+busdata(j,7)-busdata(i,7)));

end

if i==j

for n=1:totalbuses

if n~=i

J21(i-1,j-1)=J21(i-1,j-1)+( -abs(((ybusR(i,n)* V(i)*V(n)))*cos((ybusA(i,n))+busdata(n,7)-

busdata(i,7))));

end

end

end

end

end

end

J21;

%----------------------------J22-------------------------------%

for i=2:totalbuses-w

for j=2:totalbuses-w

if busdata(i,8)== 2 && busdata(j,8)== 2

if i~=j
 J22(i-1,j-1)= -(abs(V(j))*abs((ybusR(i,j)* V(i))))*sin((ybusA(i,j))+busdata(j,7)-busdata(i,7));

end

yv12=0;

if i==j

J22(i-1,j-1)=-(J11(i-1,i-1)) - (2*(abs(V(i))^2)*imag(ybus(i,i)));

end

end

end

end

J22;

%---------------------------------------------------------------------------------%

for k=1:totalbuses-1

for l=1:totalbuses-1

J(k,l)=J11(k,l);

end

end

for k=1:u

for l=1:totalbuses-1

J(l,k+totalbuses-1)=J12(l,k);

end

end

for k=1:u

for l=1:totalbuses-1
 J(k+totalbuses-1,l)=J21(k,l);

end

end

for k=1:u

for l=1:u

J(l+totalbuses-1,k+totalbuses-1)=J22(l,k);

end

end

MM;

J;

format short g

k=inv(J)*MM;

for n=1:totalbuses-1

S(n)=(ANG(n+1)+k(n));

sa=radtodeg(S);

%-------------

busdata(n+1,7)=S(n);

%-------------

end

ANG=busdata(:,7);

sa;

for m=2:u+1

V(m)=abs(busdata(m,6)+k(totalbuses-2+m));

%abs(VV)
 busdata(m,6)=V(m);

end

V;

tol=max(abs(abs(V) - abs(VV))) && max(abs(abs(ANG) - abs(AN)));

iter=iter+1;

VV=V;

AN=ANG;

end

iter

%-------------------------DISPLAYING OUTPUTS---------------------------%

%real(VACC')

z(1:totalbuses,1)=busdata(:,1);

z(1:totalbuses,2)=busdata(:,8);

z(1:totalbuses,3)=abs(busdata(:,6));

z(1:totalbuses,4)=radtodeg(busdata(:,7));

z(1:totalbuses,5)=PG;

z(1:totalbuses,7)=busdata(:,4);

z(1:totalbuses,8)=busdata(:,5);

disp(' |Bus No.| |Bus Type| |Voltage| |Angle| |MW(G)| |Mvar(G)| |MW(L)| |
Mvar(L)| ');

format short g

melkie newton

% function [R]=NR()
% global a;

% global b;

% global c;

% global d;

a=[1 2 0.019380 0.059170 0.026400 0.026400 1.000000

2 3 0.046990 0.197970 0.021900 0.021900 1.000000

2 4 0.058110 0.176320 0.018700 0.018700 1.000000

1 5 0.054030 0.223040 0.024600 0.024600 1.000000

2 5 0.056950 0.173880 0.017000 0.017000 1.000000

3 4 0.067010 0.171030 0.017300 0.017300 1.000000

4 5 0.013350 0.042110 0.006400 0.006400 1.000000

5 6 0.000000 0.252020 0.000000 0.000000 0.932000

4 7 0.000000 0.209120 0.000000 0.000000 0.978000

7 8 0.000000 0.176150 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

4 9 0.000000 0.556180 0.000000 0.000000 0.969000

7 9 0.000000 0.110010 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

9 10 0.031810 0.084500 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

6 11 0.094980 0.198900 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

6 12 0.122910 0.255810 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

6 13 0.066150 0.130270 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

9 14 0.127110 0.270380 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

10 11 0.082050 0.192070 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

12 13 0.220920 0.199880 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000

13 14 0.170930 0.348020 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000];

b=[2.324 -0.1601 0 0 0

0.4 0.4541 0.217 0.127 0

0 0.2528 0.942 0.19 0

0 0 0.478 -0.039 0
0 0 0.076 0.016 0

0 0.1362 0.112 0.075 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0.1824 0 0 0

0 0 0.295 0.166 0.19

0 0 0.090 0.058 0

0 0 0.035 0.018 0

0 0 0.061 0.016 0

0 0 0.135 0.058 0

0 0 0.149 0.05 0];

c=[2 1.06 -2 20

2 1 -6 25

2 1 -25 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

2 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

2 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10

1 1 0 10] ;

d=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.19 0 0 0 0 0];

op=fopen('NROP.m','w++')

n=14;

nline=20;

itermax=100;
nslack=1;

epsilon=0.0001;

lp=a(:,1);

lq=a(:,2);

r=a(:,3);

x=a(:,4);

ycp=a(:,5);

ycp=complex(0,ycp);

ycq=a(:,6);

ycq=complex(0,ycq);

tap=a(:,7);

pgen=b(:,1);

qgen=b(:,2);

pload=b(:,3);

qload=b(:,4);

itype=c(:,1);

ntype=itype;

vsp=c(:,2);

qmin=c(:,3);

qmax=c(:,4);

%yshunt=d(1,[1:n]);

%yshunt=complex(0,yshunt);

for k=1:nline

yline(k)=1/(complex(r(k),x(k)));

if (tap(k)==1)

t1=1-(1/tap(k));

t2=-t1/tap(k);

ycp(k)=t2*yline(k);

ycq(k)=t1*yline(k);
 yline(k)=yline(k)/tap(k);

end

end

for i=1:n

nlcont(i)=0;

end

for k=1:nline

p=lp(k);

q=lq(k);

nlcont(p)=nlcont(p)+1;

nlcont(q)=nlcont(q)+1;

end

ITAGF(1)=1;

ITAGTO(1)=nlcont(1);

for i=2:n

ITAGF(i)=ITAGTO(i-1)+1;

ITAGTO(i)=ITAGTO(i-1)+nlcont(i);

end

for i=1:n

Ypp(i)=0;

end

for k=1:nline

p=lp(k);

q=lq(k);

Ypp(p)=Ypp(p)+yline(k)+ycp(k);

Ypp(q)=Ypp(q)+yline(k)+ycq(k);

end

%for i=1:n

%Ypp(i)=Ypp(i)+yshunt(i);
%end

for i=1:n

ICOUNT(i)=0;

end

for k=1:nline

p=lp(k);

q=lq(k);

lpq=ITAGF(p)+ICOUNT(p);

Ypq(lpq)=-yline(k);

ADJQ(lpq)=q;

ADJL(lpq)=k;

ICOUNT(p)=ICOUNT(p)+1;

lqp=ITAGF(q)+ICOUNT(q);

Ypq(lqp)=-yline(k);

ADJQ(lqp)=p;

ADJL(lqp)=k;

ICOUNT(q)=ICOUNT(q)+1;

end

%formation of Ybus is over

for i=1:n

pshed(i)=pgen(i)-pload(i);

qshed(i)=qgen(i)-qload(i);

end

for i=1:n

qmininj(i)=qmin(i)-qload(i);

qmaxinj(i)=qmax(i)-qload(i);

end

%cal of injected power flows

for i=1:n
 vmag(i)=vsp(i);

delta(i)=0;

E(i)=complex(vsp(i),0);

end

% start of iterations

for iter=0:itermax

delpmax=0;

delqmax=0;

for i=1:n

%adjusted Limits setting

if(i~=nslack)

if(itype(i)==2)

e=real(E(i));

f=imag(E(i));

delnew=atan(f/e);

enew=vsp(i)*cos(delnew);

fnew=vsp(i)*sin(delnew);

Enew=complex(enew,fnew);

Inew=Ypp(i)*Enew;

jstart=ITAGF(i);

jstop=ITAGTO(i);

for j=jstart:jstop

q=ADJQ(j);

Inew=Inew+Ypq(j)*E(q);

end

Qnew=imag(Enew*conj(Inew));

qshed(i)=Qnew;

if(Qnew>qmaxinj(i))

qshed(i)=qmaxinj(i);
 ntype(i)=1;

end

if(Qnew<qmininj(i))

qshed(i)=qmininj(i);

ntype(i)=1;

end

if(qshed(i)==Qnew)

E(i)=Enew;

ntype(i)=2;

end

end

end

%adjusted Limits setting

sum=Ypp(i)*E(i);

jstart=ITAGF(i);

jstop=ITAGTO(i);

for j=jstart:jstop

q=ADJQ(j);

sum=sum+Ypq(j)*E(q);

s=E(i)*conj(sum);

pcal(i)=real(s);

qcal(i)=imag(s);

end

delp(i)=pshed(i)-pcal(i);

delq(i)=qshed(i)-qcal(i);

delp(nslack)=0;

delq(nslack)=0;

if(ntype(i)==2)

delq(i)=0;
 end

if(abs(delp(i))>abs(delpmax))

delpmax=abs(delp(i));

end

if(abs(delq(i))>abs(delqmax))

delqmax=abs(delq(i));

end

end

if(abs(delpmax)<epsilon)

if(abs(delqmax)<epsilon)

break

end

end

for i=1:2*n

for j=1:2*n

A(i,j)=0;

end

end

for i=1:n

A(i,i)=A(i,i)-qcal(i)-imag(Ypp(i))*vmag(i)*vmag(i);

A(i+n,i+n)=A(i+n,i+n)+qcal(i)-imag(Ypp(i))*vmag(i)*vmag(i);

A(i+n,i)=A(i+n,i)+pcal(i)-real(Ypp(i))*vmag(i)*vmag(i);

A(i,i+n)=A(i,i+n)+pcal(i)+real(Ypp(i))*vmag(i)*vmag(i);

end

%diagonal elements formation is over

A(nslack,nslack)=10^20;

A(nslack+n,nslack+n)=10^20;

for i=1:n
 ep=real(E(i));

fp=imag(E(i));

jstart=ITAGF(i);

jstop=ITAGTO(i);

for j=jstart:jstop

q=ADJQ(j);

eq=real(E(q));

fq=imag(E(q));

Gpq=real(Ypq(j));

Bpq=imag(Ypq(j));

term1=ep*eq+fp*fq;

term2=fp*eq-ep*fq;

A(i,q)=A(i,q)+Gpq*term2-Bpq*term1;

A(i+n,q+n)=A(i,q);

A(i,q+n)=A(i,q+n)+Gpq*term1+Bpq*term2;

A(i+n,q)=-A(i,q+n);

end

if(ntype(i)==2)

A(i+n,i+n)=10^20;

end

end

for i=1:n

delpq(i)=delp(i);

delpq(i+n)=delq(i);

end

B=delpq;

%GAUSS ELIMINATION

for i=1:2*n

Fact=1/A(i,i);
 A(i,i)=1;

for j=i+1:2*n

A(i,j)=A(i,j)*Fact;

end

B(i)=B(i)*Fact;

for k=i+1:2*n

Fact=A(k,i);

A(k,i)=0;

for j=i+1:2*n

A(k,j)=A(k,j)-A(i,j)*Fact;

end

B(k)=B(k)-Fact*B(i);

end

end

x=B;

for i=(2*n)-1:-1:1

sum=0;

for j=i+1:2*n

sum=sum+A(i,j)*x(j);

end

x(i)=(B(i)-sum);

end

for i=1:n

delta(i)=delta(i)+x(i);

vmag(i)=vmag(i)+x(i+n)*vmag(i);

e(i)=vmag(i)*cos(delta(i));

f(i)=vmag(i)*sin(delta(i));

E(i)=complex(e(i),f(i));

end
end

for k=1:nline

p=lp(k);

q=lq(k);

Ipq=E(p)*ycp(k)+(E(p)-E(q))*yline(k);

spq(k)=E(p)*conj(Ipq);

Iqp=E(q)*ycq(k)+(E(q)-E(p))*yline(k);

sqp(k)=E(q)*conj(Iqp);

sloss(k)=spq(k)+sqp(k);

end

Sslack=0;

jstart=ITAGF(nslack);

jstop=ITAGTO(nslack);

for j=jstart:jstop

k=ADJL(j);

Sslack=Sslack+sloss(k);

end

pgen(nslack)=real(Sslack)+pload(nslack);

qgen(nslack)=imag(Sslack)+qload(nslack);

toc;

fprintf(op,'Magnitude of voltages\n');

fprintf(op,'%f\n',abs(E));

fprintf(op,'Line losses\n');

fprintf(op,'%f\n',sloss);

fprintf(op,'Slack Real power\n');

fprintf(op,'%f\n',real(Sslack));

fprintf(op,'Slack Reactive power\n');

fprintf(op,'%f\n',imag(Sslack));

melkie newton