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    Machine Learning

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    Machine Learning

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    Machine Learning

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    kenabadane9299

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    of 8

    WERABE UNIVERSITY

    INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION
    TECHNOLOGY

    Seminar

    Report on

    MACHINE LEARNING

    BY BELETE EMIYAMREW
    WERABE, Ethiopia (Oct, 2024)
    INTRODUCTION
    If you are new to the machine learning world and want to get your feet wet super-fast in all
    the concepts of machine learning without getting overwhelmed by the mathematical
    intricacies involved in the background, then read this.

    This article contains key concepts of machine learning put together based on the knowledge I
    acquired from multiple sources especially from Prof Andrew Ng’s Machine Learning online
    course and in-class lectures with links for further reading for those interested.

    I hope this can serve as a go-to spot for new-machine learning enthusiasts and also those who
    want to refresh their minds on what is machine learning with some critical implementation
    tips.

    Please bear with me this post is a little lengthy but it’s understandable and worth your time as
    it touches almost every major concept in machine learning.

    What is machine learning?


    Machine learning (ML) is a branch of computer science that focuses on the using data and
    algorithms to enable AI to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its
    accuracy.

    Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms trained


    on data sets to create models that enable machines to perform tasks that would
    otherwise only be possible for humans, such as categorizing images, analyzing data,
    or predicting price fluctuations.

    Today, machine learning is one of the most common forms of artificial intelligence
    and often powers many of the digital goods and services we use every day.

    In this article, you’ll learn more about what machine learning is, including how it
    works, different types of it, and how it's actually used in the real world. We’ll take a
    look at the benefits and dangers that machine learning poses, and in the end, you’ll
    find some cost-effective, flexible courses that can help you learn even more about
    machine learning.
    How does machine learning work? Machine
    learning is both simple and complex.

    At its core, the method simply uses algorithms – essentially lists of rules –
    adjusted and refined using past data sets to make predictions and
    categorizations when confronted with new data. For example, a machine
    learning algorithm may be “trained” on a data set consisting of thousands of
    images of flowers that are labeled with each of their different flower types so
    that it can then correctly identify a flower in a new photograph based on the
    differentiating characteristics it learned from other pictures.

    To ensure such algorithms work effectively, however, they must typically be


    refined many times until they accumulate a comprehensive list of instructions
    that allow them to function correctly. Algorithms that have been trained
    sufficiently eventually become “machine learning models,” which are
    essentially algorithms that have been trained to perform specific tasks like
    sorting images, predicting housing prices, or making chess moves. In some
    cases, algorithms are layered on top of each other to create complex
    networks that allow them to do increasingly complex, nuanced tasks like
    generating text and powering chatbots via a method known as “deep
    learning.”

    As a result, although the general principles underlying machine learning are


    relatively straightforward, the models that are produced at the end of the
    process can be very elaborate and complex.

    Advantages of Machine Learning


    1. Automation

    Machine Learning is one of the driving forces behind automation, and it is cutting down
    time and human workload. Automation can now be seen everywhere, and the complex
    algorithm does the hard work for the user. Automation is more reliable, efficient, and
    quick. With the help of machine learning, now advanced computers are being designed.
    Now this advanced computer can handle several machine-learning models and complex
    algorithms. However, automation is spreading faster in the industry but, a lot of research
    and innovation are required in this field.

    2. Scope of Improvement

    Machine Learning is a field where things keep evolving. It gives many opportunities for
    improvement and can become the leading technology in the future. A lot of research and
    innovation is happening in this technology, which helps improve software and hardware.

    1. Enhanced Experience in Online Shopping and Quality Education


    Machine Learning is going to be used in the education sector extensively, and it
    will be going to enhance the quality of education and student experience. It has
    emerged in China; machine learning has improved student focus. In the e-
    commerce field, Machine Learning studies your search feed and give
    suggestion based on them. Depending upon search and browsing history, it
    pushes targeted advertisements and notifications to users.

    2. Wide Range of Applicability

    This technology has a very wide range of applications. Machine learning plays a
    role in almost every field, like hospitality, ed-tech, medicine, science,
    banking, and business. It creates more opportunities.

    Disadvantages of the Machine Learning


    Nothing is perfect in the world. Machine Learning has some serious limitations,
    which are bigger than human errors.

    1. Data Acquisition

    The whole concept of machine learning is about identifying useful data. The
    outcome will be incorrect if a credible data source is not provided. The
    quality of the data is also significant. If the user or institution needs more
    quality data, wait for it. It will cause delays in providing the output. So,
    machine learning significantly depends on the data and its quality.

    2. Time and Resources

    The data that machines process remains huge in quantity and differs
    greatly. Machines require time so that their algorithm can adjust to the
    environment and learn it. Trials runs are held to check the accuracy and
    reliability of the machine. It requires massive and expensive resources and
    high-quality expertise to set up that quality of infrastructure. Trials runs are
    costly as they would cost in terms of time and expenses.

    3. Results Interpretations

    One of the biggest advantages of Machine learning is that interpreted data that
    we get from the cannot be hundred percent accurate. It will have some degree of
    inaccuracy. For a high degree of accuracy, algorithms should be developed so
    that they give reliable results.

    4. High Error Chances

    The error committed during the initial stages is huge, and if not corrected at that
    time, it creates havoc. Biasness and wrongness have to be dealt with separately;
    they are not interconnected. Machine learning depends on two factors, i.e., data
    and algorithm. All the errors are dependent on the two variables. Any
    incorrectness in any variables would have huge repercussions on the output.
    8. Highly Expensive

    This software is highly expensive, and not everybody can own it. Government
    agencies, big private firms, and enterprises mostly own it. It needs to be made
    accessible to everybody for wide use.

    Machine Learning and its Applications


    Machine learning is being used widely, making the future more predictable.
    Recommendations we received from Youtube, Instagram, and Facebook are an
    application of Machine Learning.

    Facebook, now known as Metaverse, uses machine learning to personalize the


    experience of its Facebook members. If a member, while browsing Facebook, stops to
    see a particular post, the recommendation engine will note that and start showing similar
    kinds of posts.

    Other applications of machine learning are:

    o Human Resource Information Systems: In short, it is also called an HRIS


    System, and it is used for identifying the best candidates for an open position
    using machine learning models to filter the applications
    o Business Intelligence: In short, it is called BI. Machine Learning is used by
    vendors in their software to search potentially important anomalies and
    patterns of data points.
    o Customer Relationship Management: The Machine Learning model used
    by the CRM software analyzes prompt sales members responding to
    important messages first and email.
    o Virtual Assistants: Smart assistants usually combine unsupervised and
    supervised learning machine learning models to decipher supply context and
    natural speech.
    o Self-Driving cars: Algorithms based on the Machine Learning model are
    used to drive the car.
    o Robotics: Machine Learning was used to improve the capabilities of
    robots, including visual perception, grasping, and decision-making.
    o Image and speech recognition: Applications such as facial
    recognition, object detection, and speech-to-text conversion were
    widely used in various industries.
    o Natural language processing (NLP): NLP techniques such as
    sentiment analysis, language translation, and language generation
    were used in applications like chatbots, virtual assistants, and text-
    to-speech conversion.

    Summary/conclusion

    In conclusion, machine learning is a powerful technology that allows


    computers to learn without explicit programming. By exploring
    different learning tasks and their applications, we gain a deeper
    understanding of how machine learning is shaping our world. From
    filtering your inbox to diagnosing diseases, machine learning is
    making a significant impact on various aspects of our lives.

    Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on


    developing algorithms that enable computers to learn from data and improve
    their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. Here are
    some key points:

    Definition: Machine learning involves creating models that can make


    predictions or decisions based on data. These models improve as they
    process more data12.

    Types: There are several types of machine learning, including supervised


    learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning1.

    Applications: ML is used in various fields such as healthcare (e.g., diagnosing


    diseases), finance (e.g., fraud detection), and technology (e.g.,
    recommendation systems and autonomous vehicles)

    Importance: It is a critical component of modern AI, driving innovations and


    efficiencies across industries

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