Unit 2
Unit 2
Basic of Cryptography
2. Lack of Transparency:
Traditional financial systems lacked transparency, as many complex financial products
(like mortgage backed securities) were poorly understood by investors and regulators.
Blockchain’s Role:
The core technology behind Bitcoin is blockchain, which allows for:
1. Transparency:
All transactions are recorded on a public ledger, which can be viewed by anyone.
2. Decentralization:
Blockchain operates without a central authority, distributing power across its
users.
3. Security:
The use of cryptographic algorithms ensures secure, immutable transactions.
Thus, blockchain was born from a desire to build a more transparent, secure, and
decentralized financial system in response to the economic fallout of the Great Recession.
In blockchain:
● Replication of Ledger: Each node in the distributed network maintains a
complete or partial copy of the blockchain. This replication ensures that the
blockchain is synchronized and up-to-date across all nodes.
● Immutable Data: Once data (such as a transaction) is added to the blockchain, it
is difficult to alter because the ledger is distributed across many nodes. Any
changes to the data would need to be made across the majority of the network,
which is computationally expensive and nearly impossible in large,
well-established networks like Bitcoin or Ethereum.
Decentralization: Every node has equal status. No single point of failure exists,
unlike centralized systems where a server failure can shut down the entire
network.
Direct Data Sharing: Nodes in the blockchain network directly share data with
each other. This includes blockchain transactions and updates to the ledger. For
example, in Bitcoin, each node keeps a copy of the blockchain and communicates
with other nodes to verify transactions.
Increased Resilience: P2P networks are more resistant to censorship, shutdowns,
and malicious attacks. If one node goes down, the network continues to function
through other nodes.
Applications of P2P Network
Below are some of the common uses of P2P network:
File sharing:
P2P network is the most convenient, cost-efficient method for file sharing for
businesses. Using this type of network there is no need for intermediate servers to
transfer the file.
Blockchain:
The P2P architecture is based on the concept of decentralization. When a
peer-to-peer network is enabled on the blockchain it helps in the maintenance of a
complete replica of the records ensuring the accuracy of the data at the same time.
At the same time, peer-to-peer networks ensure security also.
Direct messaging:
P2P network provides a secure, quick, and efficient way to communicate. This is
possible due to the use of encryption at both the peers and access to easy
messaging tools.