Cambridge IGCSE™

CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/31

Paper 3 Theory (Core) May/June 2021
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 120

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2021 series for most Cambridge
IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 13 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for
any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other
syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme
where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded
by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a × 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Examples of how to apply the list rule

State three reasons…. [3]

A 1. Correct  F 1. Correct 

2. Correct  2 (4 responses) 2. Correct 

2
3. Wrong  3. Correct 
CON (of 3.) (discount 3)

B 1. Correct, Correct , 
G 1. Correct 
(4 responses) 2. Correct  3
(5 responses) 2. Correct 
3. Wrong ignore 3
3. Correct 
Correct ignore
C 1. Correct  CON (of 4.) ignore

(4 responses) 2. Correct, Wrong ,  2

H 1. Correct 
3. Correct ignore
(4 responses) 2. Correct 
2
D 1. Correct  3. CON (of 2.) (discount 2)
Correct 
(4 responses) 2. Correct, CON (of 2.) , (discount 2) 2

3. Correct  I 1. Correct 

(4 responses) 2. Correct 
E 1. Correct  2
3. Correct 
(4 responses) 2. Correct  3 CON (of 2.) (discount 2)

3. Correct, Wrong 

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) A rib ; 2
B diaphragm ;

1(a)(ii) any three from 3

nose / mouth ;
larynx ;
trachea ;
bronchus ;
bronchioles ;

1(a)(iii) pulmonary artery ; 1

1(b)(i) less oxygen / more water (vapour) ; 1

1(b)(ii) substance limewater ; 2

positive result cloudy ;

1(c)(i) 20 (breaths / minute) ; 1

1(c)(ii) decrease in breathing rate ; 2

decrease in depth of breathing ;

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) formula Br2; 3

colour (pale) green for Cl2 ;
physical state liquid for Br2 and solid for I2 ;

2(a)(ii) halogens ; 1

2(b) hydrogen + bromine → hydrogen bromide ; 1

2(c) (orange to) colourless; 2

ethene is unsaturated / has a double bond ;

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Question Answer Marks

2(d) (aqueous) silver nitrate ; 2

cream coloured precipitate ;

2(e) cathode – lead ; 2

anode – bromine ;

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) section from 0–20 s line rises from (0, 0) to (20, 5) ; 3

section from 20–110 s horizontal line from (20 ,5) to (110, 5) ;
section from 110–115 s line goes down from (110, 5) to (115, 0) ;

3(a)(ii) (constant speed = 5 m / s and time = 90 s) no mark 2

distance = speed × time or 90 × 5 ;
= 450 (m) ;

3(b)(i) radiation ; 1

3(b)(ii) infrared ; 1

3(b)(iii) increased kinetic energy / speed ; 2

more (frequent) collisions (with tyre) ;

3(c) B is longer ; 2
ref to moment = force × (perpendicular) distance ;
greater moment ;

max 2

3(d) upright ; 2
laterally inverted ;
same size (as object) ;

max 2

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Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) organisms in correct order ; 2

all arrows drawn in the correct direction ;

4(a)(ii) producer grass ; 2

secondary consumer jackal ;

4(b) the Sun ; 1

4(c)(i) (goats have) more premolar teeth than humans ; 2

(goats have) fewer / no, canine teeth ;

4(c)(ii) goats, gain (all) their energy from plant material / only eats plants ; 2
plant material requires more chewing / breaking down ;
molars / premolars needed for chewing ;

max 2

4(c)(iii) enamel ; 2
dentine ;

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) copper and iron ; 1

5(a)(ii) hydrogen ; 1

5(a)(iii) sodium 2
lithium
iron
copper ;;

5(b)(i) 2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO2 ; 1

5(b)(ii) copper oxide ; 2

loses oxygen ;

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Question Answer Marks

5(c)(i) oxygen and nitrogen ; (both required) 1

5(c)(ii) methane ; 1

5(c)(iii) coal / petroleum / natural gas – any two for 1 mark ; 1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) all symbols correct ; 3

lamps in parallel ;
switch controls both lamps ;

6(a)(ii) current = voltage / resistance or 12 / 3 ; 2

= 4 (A) ;

6(a)(iii) if one lamp fails the other will still light / so both lamps get the full battery emf ; 1

6(b)(i) convection ; 1

6(b)(ii) conduction; 1

6(c) friction ; 2
electron transfer ;

6(d) less attraction over filled area ; 1

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Question Answer Marks

7(a) platelets ; 4
red blood cells ;
white blood cells ;
plasma ;

7(b) 2

;;

7(c) any two from: 2

reproduction ;
movement ;
sensitivity ;
growth ;

Question Answer Marks

8(a) H2O ; 1

8(b) an element (e.g. carbon) contains only one type of atom ; 2

a compound (e.g. methane) contains two or more elements / different atoms chemically combined ;

8(c) carbon dioxide ; 2

water ;

8(d) releases thermal energy ; 1

8(e)(i) carbon 6 and hydrogen 1 ; 1

8(e)(ii) zero ; 1

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Question Answer Marks

8(f) one shared pair seen ; 2

all correct ;;

Question Answer Marks

9(a)(i) number of waves produced per second / passing a fixed point per second ; 1

9(a)(ii) piano ; 1

9(a)(iii) piano; 1

9(a)(iv) from 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz ; 1

9(b)(i) density = mass / volume or 801 / 90 ; 3

= 8.90 ;
g / cm3 ;

9(b)(ii) 801 g = 0.801 kg or weight = mass × g or 0.801 × 10 ; 2

= 8.01 (N) ;

Question Answer Marks

10(a) phloem circled ; 2

xylem circled ;

10(b)(i) name root hair (cell) ; 2

function absorption of, water / mineral ions ;

10(b)(ii) X cell wall ; 2

Y nucleus ;

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Question Answer Marks

10(c) 1
prediction of
germination ( / X)

X
;

10(d) effect 2
no germination ;
reason
(high temperature) decreases enzyme / stops activity ;

Question Answer Marks

11(a)(i) oxygen ; 2
water ;

11(a)(ii) painting / greasing / electroplating ; 2

provides a barrier etc ;

11(b) cutlery ; 1

11(c) solid has a definite shape / liquid takes up shape of container ; 1

11(d) A boiling ; 3
B condensing ;
C freezing ;

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Question Answer Marks

12(a) ref to penetration ; 2

γ-rays will penetrate lead (α and β will not) ;

12(b)(i) splits ; 1

12(b)(ii) 0.05 (g) ; 1

12(b)(iii) two atoms that contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons ; 1

12(c) (increase) (strength of) magnetic field ; 2

(increase) current ;
(increase) no of turns / coils ;

max 2

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