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DM Unit 2 Part 1

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36 views43 pages

DM Unit 2 Part 1

Solution

Uploaded by

akshit1207
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wb Ase, BEe Hon Kec EHR © Peg Heme, (Pts), £9 og (te ee ore g Guu) 94 be gtlation debinen (1) farted ordi On He ek e antequa (w 4 Be” ty, the sida (J) “a mek posted ovcle > we Ju net eink mnths a] ancl ls bro aese be gp-2 —) (Z /) yy nok a POSET, Qual Vahich | Huo UL ust go boseta 2 (5 (% =) qi {Z ri) (9 (2,4) 0) (Bz) coh ZZ Ms Heath d beg % Coinfp avaubeibly > Jor un ordeud tt A, Thin qhemuch of Bond b wu utd compatable 4 Uther OAL on ha and non —-commpaseable a cutie, AE TOF tae baa, @. Sn pee (2H */) : Went: CE Sey ae 4 Outer comp wstable but 3 25) ww not comporcable, Gok Conder A= A435, C115) 46 4 “u ordeud ue Quirke © Delo oll dhe comp osu and hon compe ~ Oke pote of eilinuaez of A. ae Compoxatle pai of a M3 Lia, Fst, duet, hey, FSA ancy, dash, fay Teh ds yisy, Anes 4a2y {5}, Asus} | sysey ays, Poe foray, Frspseh dejo, Prat ASW Lb, Sh, {1H AL seh auth cusd hen € Comacadte pads sf eluments of A, Phy Ash 4318s $88 doe bsveh dees, ACasy yHtersy. ; ic ae Grduud dea. 1 A ba posta ardyr on a et A and ey tise dumudh of NM wu tombaiable , thin A oy cabled a tol ord and He bat (n, 4) con onlin a elroy) erdew det - i SOT duol numbew pu otal ord eutd +26 Peeaue & ve poste a,b sual number, Xe, or boa, QO We wt TH AEG Anes au naaiekltp Srdeud by "So statin, sthee nutun faf © f4f hor Abe fay. _ : | i 3 Moe Piqua — i a Ku wed fr tha Shree of & pout Order sulottidn A an a set eo graphte wupruentetin r P| Peat ca cokted ol spam 4 do naka! Hone Dibjnay Har Sp mala Roce (19 Acbemunts of X ose supreened by volicy 8 5 RYE t cf | y nok d 4 an Lining chinke Alecudon, ‘| 1, Yah Fe plata at 9 Kiphy devel thon eet Cty | ou fore by he Luce, BSG SS se tHlencve— shuncetirel — “edeof x muat beaut fo tel @ Cw Drers dae Hoa diana dor tea dolls pours . (3 (Atlas ey, y 08 * ¢ aX Jue | ' | cr At, 5, 9, 33 olf , 1) 8\ at 4 1 (i ( 4a 3,6 2 Bt 304, /) | Xe . uu Lek Dy denstey Ha pustlbe aitudovsd 0] Srdeud by. clitnarhdity, Dree the Hane ohishitan i Wm OW DY WO, Wo, h al (a) Dis ELiUn 214, 4, Gy Oth farch oy, pourtl Quuk Draco He Howe coh PAS) “a Ww S=4as, ey ene pros pout (PO), 0) Ho power ue on 0) S=f apy (NM sey aay BY S=4ayyey POS Aa, RL Oh By heat ty . PVUED, AMY, [bred Le, dae | Atay, Aap hey | fied - by He ied Kou Pepe L @ (#0 x c p | * G * + | X 3 3 2 | 2 wv | @ Ra fp : | | | R=40,9) ,C1,3),0,4), fs), G0), (3,9), (4,9), Gye) 40), (a9, (sis) , (48) Ct, 9) , Gs)4 Neat foo pods) dle yosuelt, Lo ee, te Poxcinad , Murcnol, freate anol Leout Elements +» W Morxsinol “Th ehununds of ths tle Hose deitoseam ; A iM Clements Raph poe Ateou yor ae dunt) d 7 w& B Oust PAu ase, je Debotnake dha wuladilins sprecentel’) Wreinlnal elamercly , 4 £ C, i b (Ay uiwinel, + Bottom alma of In 8, B “Elemunta Hu Hone hago miinal Elemunt ova Q &b mr dots ou Be yee MT | insivinal emule at, predecenor. i) tee HY qreatey thoy | §n e i crest eo athur eluant} St “ud ne ae dn 8, jim pee | je dt Su ungu it ae] The no pede elemodt Onlaty th) kent 4 (th) heout © SH ay Len thay Sn A, Element ay othy Re leuk dlenint Lu thee Clemink of feu NB, het 5 pos , ‘Yo fa the et » Ke ta wee Re mut . i wk enuls Sw * e = a : 2 a Mowinoh elements ! Pn) Vbuinol Elemis 2 9, 3 Goestet elemend * Leosk “Rlement + NEA } A poset eo dnt eT pos 4 Ulomunti © % and ¢ In D, ot doth a cleat ues bound ( dub) and eo dower — bound (gab) aa fon Chas Be Dated | 4 (0% se Le a ities, beeaur oa b hoo eleminty haye duh ond gab 2 Cheek thot jm poses ee oe | ig em (0 q e : gt tu mot @ tothe hee, Hwa 4 : 2 : ro duh | ae | ; up S t L x Le not a botice, alae, thuu 'y d ho gah, |. 5 + @) t } ye 8 datttiee , . 4 : 3 ce q na) Qntele Haat Gell geen Howse ee —— di atte =o not (o 4 v ud t f (! My ce Sd + @ b Qa (1 : \ \ ‘ . Ps Cr A . Com hele hatte 26 A dattie Ss onbted complebe cuthte 7 each ef ib non-embly — gubset rey rat uaphex bound ond greabet dower bound , 3 d ' 2 C or Ua complete clot Re, b c because wou hon emply subset of : Ae Aabied} ha dub G gee. \ t 4 gt u alio a Ompleke alive. a rNeke =. fee qian othe 2 conplete | Qy! Shows tho (Zz, £) Md not a comblete dothee a Qe 4) nok ow comp! eke dattiie, because, Zz de Gabaet T= Janj neat) hol re Aub. Gul = Show Hr neq npneR, reneay 4 complete ode * Bounded Lathite 6 = a cy [enue cd ‘dobhte — cohth dor both dhlamunts 0 (daou i ceobe- olemut bp fete) and ‘1 Capper dourate) Sa cated bounded datnte. St “4 denoted by CLV, Nod what avy = dubhigyy ( fo of x andy ) ay = gebebh ey (nut a4 w ee) | 4 Th power Ate PLS) } HAc stk Sunday Hy J peration of wnHEUee H3n and unten fut a Lounaleol k sabe, see dh the dhuast chament of PLO and tu 4) abog tha qreedect dune of PCS), | Lod yur bounoled Lae fer ane aeL, (DO aVirealt Wi antea (HD ayoza () qro=o Owl Rove that nt é bal ee que Jottiie Leha, %, a -- Mb Ad boundad, , pe ple have, bef my ~ taj ei apo dlemint of te chodhce La Dyvetay vee) : und He lek olemint °| Ha dodttée Lo ok CAMA OA. Atn). Sher, He ‘\restetk anct Hee ditt elominty eri Pre dine sot Laie Here, L384 boundtd Sy ef Boendad Littee 2 8 @ e q St Sa boundid oth Ze tT. a Qa bez, hou o=4 @ fae (Ze) % not a — bouncled pattie Aibee, St fot nuit uot element (0) nor rater obemand(1) BE” (LY N01) be bounded Lattize 5 thn an thumb pel “y tabled & comblemunt of an elimtnk OL “ QAbz0 ond avbod f \ Dd a : So ay Ka,eo ° =) complenid ° a, a ‘a! ~ Sad tanfimat of “OQ du a t ‘ a Oy AV aye I tom)\ewud | Od | a, aa a a, Oy RG 7 0 | as Oy Ais 22 tom plernand 3 Us a ay, : O,V4,2) " re GQ, Ag | 3 ia iT @ — re ‘bi Sa Complemmak to 5} Rye yy cy complet 1 b, dun ‘bi WD An atimnk al may oe my net shove a MD dh almunt ae Shave more than ont tomblemnt, A» Complemucts au net Ung ut. to O%) The bounds 0) and 1! wy unig comblemante 2 dueh Oth , beeaue oVvizt and oAleo S Comblemented Lotte 20 oe CU tomplomented PP ak Sy bounded complement. ye A dhasa dvacd = >> Ddaa wa tomblemits 0 | b0eh ethoxy, Qso bacz | b¥ecd Dob and © ove the complemucts of © tach athur. Hence, Jer dattize LU comple minted , Worvtst ortco —s Do 4) wu Compl emucts of 2tah rd Olhur alg® = é (1 AVb2t, Arhzo, Do ab ou Comblemtcly of {th Oty, (SD evd st, cadeo > CHA ae comblemunis of eath Oty, r Monee, ae ebottt te SU comple : (tuk hoo Hho ge horthic uy nok — com} lematid. \ " Huw, OVis\ g.OALED DOA | sw cemblenannte a Ot Bor da Sy nob Semplemust 0) abumant ‘a! Hence, Gre datttie 34 pok Lomplemercked & lubtbahoe a aCbVC) = (a 4b) Y CaAc) ond ov Chae) = (Avb) K Cave) SF Hy dott ce "UL coeanit tos uy dhe dlbove propoett te, dk tt called a, none dlbvbutive lotttre of Ha att 's' under tre shoatin ® fy Ue powoes fee PLD) Erieueton and untdn Jt 0 dilbrbutbe g*Uobeee, "9. re, “Gnd An (Bude = (ANB) U MXAnc) alo A UCRNC) = (Avs) A thUc) \ @ Ts fa dodtite ( LAM) “- T ° a. lrlrtrt~—S~—CS:isSSCSszR OVO =o How (a AS) V CARO) = =) Hence, Yiben dattize fu not cbtibtbudtbe, 0" \ g QA Cava) z= Ant = 4, “s (Ona) V CO Aae) Ms ~e Soe WO } Hoa , NCa,Va,) p Cara) Y Ca, Aa, ) pe) gen Joktiée Gua not dubtbutde a antbve)e Qnrnlea4@ (ane) Vane) a 5 ~ OVa=za Hea 4 ACbve) = ( ant) ¥ (arc) ay Auten Uatt de Yu cbubibudibe . 2 Note =: (f aaa chath Sa dhe’ ubebubkoe cLecttree. (Hl dothee fy Uitbnatise tH Jk doen't tonttotn by {s- thamants} pentagonal Or Hu amond Lothte Qusss Cuek whithin the cpus doth ce, —~ dubibukoe 2 we ~ 4 dq Dr No oO 1 (») ny bo Dw. Yu. c a Prowe J wath. Modulay Laditce +» ® Battie (YA) 4 called mpdutor Jatttée Hy i abit Hot OV (bAC) = (ov) iC whinws a6 4 ake eb tole» Ss dir hutte — Jottte Ya modula . 4, ° kaso! uch, Cat, bobs OvChac) = byvlbaa) =v be =] (avbac= (Vb Kis UAtel fo . a vebaAc) = (AVE) AC et a er ot, = chot‘ces 4 a,b, © condhdy holola - Hence, geen atirze 24 msl, 4 Or% jboa, § 074, a4 thn av Cb Ac) = QVC O84) oO, = Ove = a, a (ovb AC = (H Va)ady <= LAG =4 How avebac) & Cave)ac bo atten dete ok modula, + Noles, gy” Ou pesrgeral clottitg Su nok maduulart . WO Wo dakttie G4 mpduter cf dk dotmiky rave & Aublattize y Lortorbhve wlth de fetapoal dodtex Cul Chute ohana, Hee gellar Lathee, war modilay Pr: Be Vey = S + ‘a rut Ne Do youruell . * QO yomorh me Lathe %° @ “Go atta L, and Ly au cabteol Liomor phat chu cLocttias 4 i nagecton Ave Li Ly [CG Aig ely dots FCArbys ftw) A us) und flava) > $ladv es) AF ab EL, %& he Ladi, a3.04 ond Ash aby Te [pve Hot thet He dette (LS!) ond Lo mora, : (Pe, = i AX Goruvlor Yay malfpiy fs t 7 Pla) chun Pead= 4 dy Aa Mey, has Eyy Wn Hae reoh py. JWed, POd4d, fte= 4by, FO hast, 3 Qs1, bX Yan Pewabe £Cres) 2 fue & “te a fons JO rflaye ga dhet =) PEAS) = Fead a FCO) nino) gay b= plivade $esd= hay Shay Vfef 4 Mh)e hb v fayehey 3 Fave) = Peay fl) Ge | wan * Boolean AMagekva Let 'B' Le a at of minds O,b,¢,.. . . ourol VU union) ond NC dnteeaecttén) asa duno bry operttions tan the | cet Atuclua (8,U,N) Se cabled a Bselean Alpesia ff Hy dant ef 8 by te fete laos: (5 —_ Closure uo too Umut a,b ER, aub and ANS cue (dou aleourcts of Bre, @ Ya bEB, J GUbEB and a LER. (1 _Commutetibe Lavo M a ub= b Va Haber (9 anh - bna # abep (UD Dittrbutie © hups (uy gq UtbAC) 2 CaUb) N Cave) HM at cen chuc) = (an) v Cane) Me ace R MPN Ne bed tt ao Culence trllwe ef dently > @ _TRuw erty too lemme Comply det) and T (unsioue at) 49 Bauch dhat ee toy aes, (ay aUd> a ® (8) anre-a 7 ldundiiy bemuat of B saith suspect do iy and “Lt He Dinky Jamis A oat ‘a ty) Company ho + for ah XR ja exits a CB fush that | w ee () ane'=¢ L : he Lor B be dre dub of ult posttibe clan of ) 30, vt, Be Avid, 3 Orly 5299 : ) and dm opbenttind yo and (A on B depred 4 | avb= Lt. f a cand b. | pi ots Oe : re Bude of a ond b- tn LBV ND un a boolean ca beh P RON AT edb ed. a —— Quik Ahow tak Ye shichwu (84, Sea boot — &) ages eohwu B= Coty and ‘4! and“! atu two ui op exetion and 8 wy unas opurakdn on B » defi ty tu es dobbs : g p CLodwa boro ++ The clodwa Law uarth suspect + | old cleasy pow toa G2 fable, = => us both “+ and * “(to Cornmuctahive Loo? s aw O+12 Ito2). wnd(b) Ol = O= 1.0 Hence, beth chbtatiint Ut nd G1 cue commuctattie, i Sdentily Clement 70 (uw) ofoz=o , 1407 {(» erfelozo , thet @ (9 Dedhrrbukebe | fauo-# oberotion Sur altthrbuttve over thu ofecation dew 0,1 &B, Wn Aree, ote) ='1.0=0 (a) O+Ct.0) = o+oz0 and Cori). t 3 ortio) = Cott) Core) a) Cd oF = seleo ond 1.1 t+ toe ito-t S itite}s 1144.0 0 Loner ho Yin fable, w ”% 0, LER, t OF ond t'zo Han Heng (8, 4,7, 0 fa a Boolean ee i Que ler 8 a fomithy ef aett whith “ua loved ne eee opsealtins unien “UO! and inteueatisy, n ope ond com blemunct nn peve Hak (8,N, 0,0 ds bo wlean. wat, oe nas. @ Let (B,4,+) be a boolean col pehse a un 0 Stalemiak e (Bt, 5 the oattvins ee and ‘' qu thie chan. “po ted alee ths fst Gj ddatiy nut “oe a tu Hu nwo ctatemme fy cabled” Hw dluol a Hs apt onal hakemenk Consvaler Hu dlalenunk Cita). Chto) ob . Sta cual wth be (ae Coe) (0-0) + tba =b . “Theoret e Boolean Aleta >s (5) Sdembotent haw 2 for woy himint of 0 Roblean mae By (Bata ea Hager (3) aca w aon Bet (PR) Otasa ¥ ace LHS = At & S (a+). L c Cata)s (oto) Ce ava's | = veices yo) da a) Ch die ud ie lao] 2 auto [GE a.alo = Q =RAS Hente, wta=q Ge [ey did bnbotise. Ls 7} ataty] G PT rar = oe aoe % Belen. Perrin. “$x hremrin ae : ) be 0 tet with pecateins Lek Aad Hy, xy, --- Anh [tot thin boelean Otbroméns ih , ( (ayaa) + mF) aD ay (io fqn)" oo eke 8 + L M5 C% eta an, ) MH Gar, (1D ay A, ie lr * Beeler Runctid~« aft Sinha nH ealtd becian gr if ae be dfeeshtd ‘ a Foolean eathrenidn 4 ‘yy smuables ye fi AoA Rone 5 = (uy 4)! KA, (i tAap fo, 4%) = Coo aha) % frinhhifeation of Boolean function ++ @* 6 cone) (8) Drifuratie Mermal forms or Sum +f Products (SOP) form A beeltan be nomial eohith can be wyiieen ab aun of | dk mural wolean usstent su called Diajunbere Nownal fom | Jas Boolean dustin. &. (A Beolean y fou) Sy doo vastahly %5%3 4? Drapnetive Normal form — be \ 1 JOG a) Hy FG My TUM * Compleke Didjunctie Normal _form-+ ! 5| the runbsr of cdubhret tema Lb dui fereive normal to od Boolean qi Sn ton! veubbty gu a, dh ak called — Comblete Deipuredte Kormal form cy, Comnfee Diijurchi Manmal Farm af. 0%, 3) “u . . Jem ta = My Ag tM Aa FAS FNC) my + Complumuct Punehén of & Geslean Cunetidy In DNP> ae Ss — cr Lek { {4 a Beoteon T eapremed dn DP Thin complemant dof "f Sua Boobun YP cahuth lu du dum 9 alt droit fom él combete pA ahafanekiie normol cn whith wwe not preten in CG fanative ronal ae vi ¥.@ “Te tomblemant Poof Ee denotad by f & sf Fou) = % +a Mun Complete ciafunehoe normal dom Jn toe vestiably sot | = ney + ty ty aly! : Hence, {lug = ny tay! ) nt) Confurette Normal form Conp) dr Product 0 SuniCPos) _ — —— Porn tA Beolean peli nomial Su cobltd a Confunetiie Normal form came oe ve 4s dhe sum of Vartobley and thibe conhlemuncs. aenal 4 Lah dattor vasiably or thet, conflemards don't —oceus more Dhan Ghee, aT FO %5) = Oy +g ). Coty) » Gyms) a i i) {Oy 4,44) Cts) Ceyrngtnl), Cn tagtags tensaety Nete> 5 Confunet de Nomad Porm no {wo <{ecios we dent eak , s Comblete Confunekie Normal form. @ ee vel Confuunetiie nowmal dem dn “0! upuiably called Conflute Confunehe Normal form q thon Mus” olubthet cece. S fou )= Caytny) Ctx) ota). Cogent ) , Gomblemunt Punotibn 4f a Boolean Punetiin th CNP 49 Leb ir ya Swolean t exprered in Confioeve nonrroh rm Then tonblunint 1 of ‘ ua See lean G? cohen the produc “4 oll thot teumy 8 complete conjunehie normal Jom whe COE WE not pretent in Corfunshive momma em of i ~The combinant J” off) 4 densted by t. | “. 4 J Guy Cuey) Coley) Qnd fomplebe CNP tn stron uasttnrkle, 2, = Cary) (xy) a Cuey'), Gey) OTR Puy) C9) Cay) ep ee ee | ee @) Cayy, 3) 2 4 Coty)! Ch V4 Qu det EO, %3, | = bonlean exprens ibn even toe Ualuid Roolean byob rte E(% 9) do dlirfunelie normal, en B fe EG) = | Caren aay) f! =t a! FIs Us Pols hows] = ay! . Olay’ ( ; J ALD +ONIF. Seay aay [eon 9] =f MEM A at | ( onay Laat tas = Sh I I AIL = Sea ebay —shenoten tas] = + SKY Lustig alidbrBubie Lauo) SA bet agate) = A Ota) Cut) payed Goa Ey tt =ngtas al] = Cars + agi aba A) aay tan! "Ray + 2a PAR, “hm IG 4 Ng bah yh = WYMAH a Ag Aya My} Mat Dd tala! Eb aaintea na! = an 7 (Quest Arte the — Bovtean ebro AO rate) = Cal)! Oy ta) oan duifune tive ound ae mormed germ & ie PO 3%3/99)2 CHW" Coen) HOW +9 4 Cup tay) by nu aa = Cutry ) Ou) Ly dnudlatiby dou J SWF We ce clabrhutibe oxo J SUT ea ay ZX), ! 1 Oty! ‘CGH ) $y 14 Out!) i =X IDG +H Ey! | POF ay 444 1) tHdny balay x, TOMBS HMI HIG EEG HIG AL TEA Hy + 9) 9G) Hy \ ONIONS FAK HII Lala [bs sldomotent tas] —Thh fy du disjunctive homed qr . Now, PCr 75%) = Cay 4)! yt) era AGia'+ 34 Gada) (hy De 7 = ¢ “tas ) Oey eg) = Oty 40). Caray 4 0) = yey) +220) CH taytay) CY alee] ( o th oluttdy lo] i; = Ce bgipns) Couptayaal) Cogenycas) Cog ayers) [hy aldbtbuve ler) cohtth fu suguiud ae hormol fem: Ha Cun dae sum of. proclucts Canonical form of enn exqretsrén yh; AS qe Pos) = YT = yd + Ay dl FS CGE) -H5 CytK)) yen’) =I Kt ayaa! + ey Cpa tay 9g| bat lay eat y = 1 Tea YY HS PGS HG) GLa + MPG tg + 20 Ky Ks ft) gl 24K | % Bee Vay SHY Hy FY RSE + yy We PK Xy FY XY 9 Ee! Dust Oprec dhe folyremiah tutu ys indo fiche x ALAM ATTY = Ks (tte) ty (240) (Gare ho os tae) Cary) Cby Cornmutabye lan] = Caty). (20) Uy commute lao] ‘Bases Chay te P f= GPE OP fom a for O Ww DN form, ge 70h. a Of feo f = ety) (+7) (x'4y) “The complete 0nd pm fm lwo vasudbles % and = (x a) (wey) (wry) Caley!) Thy Combdument of CN jem = (uty) Aine , Com plurin of 4 ¢N jem a DN form , f- = (ery) ‘ | = ¢ Qual. Change dhe g” f= Weru'y tub! en DN down to Que (MN fom | x To pe DN dorm iy fa ursub + uly! | Te complement combiite OH form dor too umuablu yy Qa | =upstulutuyeuly! TT combbunint 4 IN qorm =) UY, +) The cenflemnt 91 complemunte OM form Es OH doom & -&) vapunad oN fom: iy)! > = (uv)! Suey! Coy Da nla D = uly Cy me + Py cout +. Ce ta Pr ary vd Exbres to polyno ROE MD HY: Ly. Sndo febes. Wd th ULousii on) do ON 27 ee A finer Jon of (w uty! (b) xz! (ed Curr cery) (x OMT GQ nye Cp Cuty) Cutz!) cw) Aria bbe Hn Boolean oxfreyaen: Caney V Corb nc) vCbae) Ards (Q AL) UCbAC) (ud expr Ho following —ubyy CN forns FCmy2) = Coyle ead te) i 4 a Gk ie, tans St sito DN form. Guu) Gang, He fplewig aid DN fom. 6 flxuyd= Cvetoe (aplyiz)} Ww FOyad = (oy rage! aye tuys ey) bl. Urnese aids OM fom feiy2, t= Oy PHY prwrtr ytd et!)

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