Exercise-__-Diversity-of-Animal-Life-Bio-41A-1
Exercise-__-Diversity-of-Animal-Life-Bio-41A-1
Exercise-__-Diversity-of-Animal-Life-Bio-41A-1
EXERCISE _____
DIVERSITY OF ANIMAL LIFE
I.INTRODUCTION
Animals are heterotrophs which depend on plants for their nourishment. Most digest their food
in a digestive cavity. They are eukaryotic, multicellular with well-developed tissues and their cells do not
have cell walls. They can move by means of muscle tissues. Reproduction is usually sexual.
In this activity, you will have a glimpse of how diverse animal life forms are in this planet.
II. OBJECTIVE
At the end of this activity, the students should be able to classify, identify and note the
distinguishing characteristics of the major animal groups.
III. MATERIALS
Microscope
Prepared slides
Fresh and preserved specimens
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Phylum Porifera: Sponges (The Pore-bearing Animals)
Commonly known as sponges. They are sessile (attached to substrate) during their adult
life. Their bodies have many pores and they live in both freshwater and marine habitats. The
skeleton of sponges are known as spicules which serve not only for support but also for protection
and stiffening. They are considered as the simplest metazoans because the cells are not organized
into definite tissues and organs.
Examine and draw any sponge available in the laboratory. Using prepared slides, examine
under the microscope the different spicules of sponges.
Phylum Nematoda (The Roundworms). Most are free-living, microscopic forms. Some are
parasites such as hookworms, pinworms and Ascaris. Nematodes have a tubular gut with a mouth
and an anus. They are unsegmented and are covered by a thick, continuous cuticle, which is
molted periodically as they grow. They have a pseudocoelom (a body cavity in between the
endoderm and the mesoderm and lacks the epithelial lining of a true coelom). They are sexually
dimorphic.
Class Secernentea (Phasmidae) – e.g. Ascaris, Enterobius (human pinworm), Necator
(hookworm), Wuchereria (filarial worm)
Class Adenophorea (Aphasmidea) – e.g. Dioctophyme, Trichinella (porkworm), Trichuris
Examine and draw an adult male and female Ascaris available in the laboratory.
Study available representative animals for the following classes. Draw or paste a picture
of the organism belonging to this phylum.
EXERCISE _____
DIVERSITY OF ANIMAL LIFE
V. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS. Draw a representative organism for the different Taxa listed and supply
the information asked.
PHYLUM PORIFERA
Class Calcarea Class Demospongiae Class Hexactinellida
PHYLUM CNIDARIA
Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa Class Hydrozoa
Class Trematoda
Distinguishing feature:
PHYLUM NEMATODA
Class Secernentia Class Adenophorea
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
Class Polyplacophora Class Gastropoda Class Bivalvia
Distinguishing feature:
PHYLUM ANNELIDA
Class Polychaeta Class Oligochaeta Class Hirudinae
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Malacostraca Class Branchiopoda Class Copepoda
PHYLUM Echinodermata
Class Crinoidea Class Ophiurodea Class Asteroidea
PHYLUM CHORDATA
Subphyllum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Distinguishing feature: