Introduction

● What is Arduino
● What is Microcontroller
● Different type of microcontroller
● Uses of microcontroller
● Some projects
Arduino

● Small size device

● Handle Several tasks
● Works very fast
● Programmable device
● Open Source device
● Used in various applications
● Different types of boards
● Beginner friendly
Need of microcontroller
Microcontrollers are essential because they make machines smarter by
helping them sense, think, and act. Without them, most of the electronics in
our daily life wouldn’t be able to work automatically .

● Smarter : They can sense what's happening around them and react to it.
● More Efficient : They help machines save energy by only working when needed.
● Automatic : They remove the need for manual control, making life more convenient.
Real-Life Examples

● Smart Fridges
● Automatic Street Lights
● Smart Smoke Detectors
● Smart Air Conditioners
● Washing Machine
● Drones
Role of microcontroller in air Conditioners
● Reading the Room Temperature
The microcontroller checks the temperature reading from this
Temperature sensor continuously, just like checking a thermometer
to see how hot or cold

● Comparing it with the Set Temperature

The microcontroller compares the current room temperature to
the temperature you’ve set. If the room is hotter than what you
set, the microcontroller decides that cooling is needed .

● Controlling the Cooling System

If cooling is needed, the microcontroller turns on the compressor
and sets the fan speed . When the room temperature gets close to
the desired temperature, the microcontroller slows down or stops
the compressor
Role of microcontroller in Drone

● Controlling Flight
The microcontroller acts as the brain, processing information
from components and translating commands from the remote
control into actions.

● Reading Sensor Data

The GPS sensor determines the drone's location, the
accelerometer measures speed and direction changes, and
the gyroscope maintains balance by detecting rotation and
tilt.
● Making Decisions
Based on sensor readings, if the drone is tilting, it adjusts the
motor speeds to stabilize. To fly forward, the microcontroller
increases the speed of the front motors.

● Controlling the Motors

By adjusting the speeds of individual motors, the drone can
maneuver in different directions smoothly
Components of a Microcontroller
● Central Processing Unit
The Arduino Uno is based on the ATmega328P microcontroller
It executes the program code control tasks
It operates at a clock speed of 16 MHz.

● Memory
The Arduino Uno has 32 KB of flash memory this memory is used to store the
program that the user uploads to the board .
The Arduino Uno has 2 KB of SRAM It holds temporary data such as variables
and function calls
The Uno includes 1 KB of EEPROM. This non-volatile memory can be used to
store data that should persist between power cycles

● Input/Output Ports

Digital I/O Pins

Analog Input Pins
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Pins
Power Supply Pins
Onboard Components
Communication Interfaces on Arduino Uno
● USB Interface
Used to upload programs (sketches) from your computer to the Arduino
Uno.
Also allows serial communication between the Arduino and your
computer

● Serial Communication
The Arduino Uno can communicate with other devices using UART
communication via its TX and RX pins Digital Pins 0 and 1 .
This is the main protocol used in GPS and bluetooth modules , RF
transmitter
● I2C Communication
I2C allows the Arduino Uno to communicate using just two wires,
SDA (data line) and SCL (clock line), which are connected to A4
(SDA) and A5 (SCL) pins. I2C speed is 100 kbps to 400 kbps .

● SPI Communication
SPI is used for high-speed communication between the Arduino and
peripheral devices such as SD cards, displays, and other
microcontrollers. It requires four wires MOSI, MISO ,SCK , SS
Detailed Pin Configuration
From Pin 0 to 13
Analog and Power Pins
Types of Arduino

Arduino Nano Arduino Pro Mini

ATmega328P ATmega328P
14 (6 PWM) 14 (6 PWM)
Analog Input Pins: 8 Analog Input Pins: 8
32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM,
1 KB EEPROM 1 KB EEPROM

Arduino Mega Arduino Leonardo

ATmega2560 ATmega32U4
54 (15 PWM) Digital I/O Pins: 20 (7 PWM)
16 Analog Input Pins: 12
256 KB flash, 8 KB SRAM, 32 KB flash, 2.5 KB SRAM, 1
4 KB EEPROM KB EEPROM
Arduino Mega
Arduino Nano
Other Popular Microcontroller

● ESP32 ● Raspberry Pi Pico

Dual-core Xtensa LX6
Dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+
Memory: 520 KB SRAM, external
26 (with 16 PWM channels)
flash up to 4 MB
264 KB SRAM, 2 MB flash
Digital I/O Pins: 34 (16 PWM)
Connectivity: Built-in Wifi and
Bluetooth

● ESP8266 ● STM32
Tensilica L106
17 (9 PWM) ARM Cortex-M series
Memory: 80 KB RAM, 4 MB flash Digital I/O 37+ (with
Built-in Wi-Fi PWM support)
2 MB flash and 512KB
SRAM
Arduino IDE
The Arduino IDE is the official software used to write, compile, and upload programs (sketches)
to Arduino-compatible boards . boards. It provides a user-friendly interface that simplifies the
development process for beginners and experienced developers alike.

● Code Editor:
● Built-in Libraries
● Sketch Management
● Compiler and Debugger
● Available for Windows, macOS, and
Linux
Some Simulation Software
Simulation software allows users to create virtual models of real-world systems and
processes to test, analyze, and predict behavior under different conditions .

● Tinkercad

● Wokwi

● CirkitStudio
Thank You