(RECAP FOR THE PREVIOUS LESSON)

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES

 Pattern of development in writing refers to the technique that the writers use in developing ideas
that are logically arranged. There are transitional devices used in every pattern which will help
you determine the difference of one pattern from another.
10 TECHNIQUES TO DEVELOP IDEAS
1. DESCRIPTION - This pattern of development clearly illustrates the appearance and characteristics of
a specific object, person, or location through using sensory images, symbolism and some figures of
speech.
Signal Words for Description
 Above, across, against, along, amidst, around, away from, back of, behind, below, beneath,
between, beyond, farther, here, in front of, on top of, opposite to, outside, throughout, to the right,
under, over.
Ex: The girl hides behind the wall.
2. DEFINITION - This explains not just what something means or is, but also what something does, what
something is used for, what something looks like, etc.
Signal Words for Definition
 Is defined, as means, as defined, refers to, to define, to illustrate
Ex: Suicide is defined as the intentional killing of oneself and by one’s authority.
3. CHRONOLOGY - It is a pattern that organizes ideas or events according to the time it happened.
Chronology comes in two forms such as narration and process.
a. Narration – It is the basic pattern of development used to describe how, when, and where an event
actually happened. It is used to tell a story or focus on a set of related events.
Signal Words for Narration
 At this/that point, later, yesterday, meanwhile, immediately, tomorrow, as soon as, in the
meantime, when
Ex: When I arrived at my grandmother’s house. I noticed a blue van parked in front of the house.
b. Process – This arranges details or information based on steps or stages.
Signal Words for Process
 Before, first, when, during, then, after, finally, till, prior, next, about, presently, eventually,
immediately
Ex: You can cook a mouth-watering homemade sandwich pizza if you follow these five easy steps. First,
slice the following ingredients such as cheese, tomato, bell pepper and white onion. Then, spread
tomato paste on the top layer of sliced bread. Next, layer slices of tomato, bell pepper and white onions.
Top it with sliced cheese. Finally, toast the sandwich for 3-5 minutes until it turns to golden brown. Now
your pizza is ready to be served.
4. CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISIONS – This is a pattern that uses criteria or standards in organizing
ideas into divisions, classes or categories.
Signal Words for Classification and Division
  Another, another kind, classified as, final type, one kind, the first category, the last group, the next
part
Ex. A normal adult usually has thirty-two teeth. These are classified into four kinds – the incisors, the
canines, the premolars and the molars.
5. EXEMPLIFICATION – It is a pattern that provides concrete or authentic examples and illustrations in
order to further clarify or explain the concept or main idea of the text.
Signal Words for Exemplification
 After all, for instance, namely, that is, in short, to illustrate, as an, example, to clarify, in other
words, put another way, to be specific, in particular, specifically, for example, stated differently,
consider the following
Ex. laws are passed which are specific to a time or situation. That is, they are connected with a
particular problem that has come up in a society at a particular time.
6. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST – This is a pattern that organizes ideas through citing the
similarities and differences of people, things, and events being discussed. It can be done separately
describing only one item first followed by the second item and side-by-side discussing both items based
on each point of comparison.
Signal Words for Comparing
 Also, equally, in the same way, in a similar fashion, as, like, to compare, similarly, both in
comparison, likewise
Signal Words for Contrasting
 But, yet, still, even, unlike, though, however, whereas, instead, conversely, in spite of, counter to ,
in contrast, nonetheless, although, despite, otherwise, as opposed to, on the other hand,
nevertheless, the fact remains, on the contrary, in the meantime, and yet, even so
Ex. Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio are regarded as two of the greatest heroes in the history of our
country. Both of them are brave and patriotic. They also have significant contribution in attaining freedom
from the hands of the Spanish colonizers. Also, the two of them sacrificed their lives for the welfare of
the Filipino people. However, they have different ways of fighting against the Spaniards.
7. CAUSE AND EFFECT – It is a pattern that explains why something happens and the results produced
by a particular event or phenomenon.
Signal Words for Cause
 As, for, since, being that, seeing that, inasmuch as, in that one reason, because (of the fact), for
the reason that, due to (the fact that)
Signal Words for Effect
 Hence, so, thus, so that, therefore, as a result (of this), accordingly, because (of this), for this
reason, consequently, in consequence, as a consequence, so much (so that)
Ex. As of July, 2020, more than 500 thousand people died all over the world from the Corona Virus
Disease 2019. For this reason, some of the families in some areas lost their love ones.
8. PROBLEM-SOLUTION – This is a pattern that gives focus on discussing either a problem or a
solution to a particular situation.
Signal Words for Problem Solution
  But the problem, one solution is, the problem, the solution, one way is, nonetheless, one, reason
for the
Ex. Being a transferee to school is exciting, but the problem is, you will be having a lot of adjustments in
the very beginning. So, let us figure out things to make these students feel welcome.
9. PERSUASION – It is a pattern that persuades the readers to agree to an argument or claim about a
particular issue through presenting a set of evidence leading to a reasonable conclusion.
Signal Words for Emphasizing a Point
 Again, truly, indeed, in fact, in that case, to emphasize, Accordingly, therefore, in essence, as a
result, due to, in conclusion, finally, thus, to sum up, in summary
Signal words for Conceding a Point
 Admittedly, it is true that, obviously, certainly no, true, assuredly, needless to say, undoubtedly,
granted, of course, doubt to be sure, unquestionably
Ex. Homework gives students a chance to have independent practice of the learning acquired in school.
In fact, this too, can, be a very good bonding moment of the family if other members willingly take, part in
doing the assigned task. Certainly, students who do their homework, also make good grades.
10. LISTING – This is a pattern that organizes ideas using enumeration, without requiring items to be in
sequence because it does not observe the element of time.
Signal Words for Listing
Also, again, additionally, along with, together with, as well, further, in the same way, likewise, moreover,
next, furthermore, equally important
Ex. dogs are the most preferred pet of many because they are so sweet and cuddly. Moreover, since
dogs are friendly and caring, they are the constant companion of man in most of his outdoor activities.