QUESTION

Page 8 1. Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0478 11

(b)

description of stage sequence

number

the instruction is then copied from the memory location contained in the
MAR (memory address register) and is placed in the MDR (memory data 3
register)

the instruction is finally decoded and is then executed 7

the PC (program counter) contains the address of the next instruction to be (1)
fetched

the entire instruction is then copied from the MDR (memory data register)
4
and placed in the CIR (current instruction register)

the address contained in the PC (program counter) is copied to the MAR

2
(memory address register) via the address bus

the address part of the instruction is placed in the MAR (memory address
6
register)

the value in the PC (program counter) is then incremented so that it points

5*
to the next instruction to be fetched

The incrementation of the program counter can appear at any stage after 2. All other
stages must be in the correct given order. [6]

8 (a) hours: 18

minutes: 53 [2]

(b)

hours (“C”) minutes (“D”)

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

[2]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2015

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0478 11

(c) Any three from:

– reads values in registers “C” and “D”

– and checks the values against those stored in registers “A” and “B”
(NOTE: the first two statements can be interchanged, i.e. “A” and “B” read first)

– If values in corresponding registers are the same

– the microprocessor sends a signal to sound alarm/ring [3]

(d) Any three from:

– uses a light sensor

– sends signal/data back to microprocessor

– signal/data converted to digital (using ADC)

– value compared by microprocessor with pre-set/stored value

– if value < stored value, signal sent by microprocessor …

– … to the voltage supply (unit)

– … “value” of signal determines voltage supplied/brightness of LED [3]

(e) Any two from:

– no need to warm up

– whiter tint/more vivid colours/brighter image

– higher resolution

– much thinner monitors possible/lighter weight

– more reliable technology/longer lasting

– uses much less power/more efficient [2]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2015

Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0478 11

What is the denary (base 10)

equivalent to the hexadecimal
digit “E”? 8

x
If 1 GByte = 2
value of X?
then what is the
12

The number of bits in one byte 14

If the broadband data download

rate is 40 megabits/ second; how
long will it take to download a 60 19
MByte file?

What is the denary (base 10)

value of the binary number:
30
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0?

What hexadecimal value is

obtained when the two
hexadecimal digits, C and D, are 36
added together?

5/6 matches – 5 marks

4 matches – 4 marks
3 matches – 3 marks
2 matches – 2 marks
1 match – 1 mark
[5]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2015

QUESTION
Page 6 2.CambridgeMark Scheme
IGCSE – May/June 2016
Syllabus
0478
Paper
11

6 (a) Any one from:

– protocol ends in “s”

– use of https [1]

(b) Any three from:

– requests web server to identify itself/view the (SSL) certificate

– receives a copy of the (SSL) certificate, sent from the webserver
– checks if SSL certificate is authentic/trustworthy
– sends signal back to webserver that the certificate is authentic/trustworthy
– starts to transmit data once connection is established as secure
– if website is not secure browser will display an open padlock/warning message [3]

7 (a) 1 mark for each correct binary value

3 0 0 1 1

5 0 1 0 1
[2]

(b)

0 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 9 1 mark

0 1 0 0 4
1 1 1 0 E 1 mark

[2]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2016

 Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2016 0478 11

8 (a) (i) Any two from:

– to protect against key logging software/spyware

– can stop key presses being recorded
– can stop key presses being relayed
– drop down boxes cannot be recorded as key presses
– drop down boxes can be placed in different location on the screen each time
(to overcome screen capture issues) [2]

(ii) Any one from:

– hacker never finds all characters on the first hack

– makes it more difficult for hackers to find the order of the characters
– hacker needs to hack the system several times to gain the whole password
– shoulder surfing will not give person full password [1]

(b) Any two from:

– fingerprint scanner
– face recognition software
– retina scanner/iris scanner
– voice recognition software [2]

9 (a) 1 mark for correct check digit and 1 mark for showing the calculation

(4 × 1) + (2 × 2) + (4 × 3) + (1 × 4) + (5 × 5) + (0 × 6) + (8 × 7)
1 mark for any correct
line of working
= 4 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 25 + 0 + 56 = 105

105/11 = 9 remainder 6

check digit is: 6 [2]

(b) incorrect check digit [1]

– check digit should be 1

– (3*1) + (2*2) + (4*3) + (0*4) + (0*5) + (4*6) + (5*7) // 3 + 4 + 12 + 0 + 0 + 24 + 35 //
Total = 78
– 78/11 gives 7 remainder 1 [2]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2016

QUESTION
Page 2 3.CambridgeMark Scheme
IGCSE – May/June 2016
Syllabus
0478
Paper
12

1 compiler

assembler

interpreter [3]

2
Application Sensor

controlling street lights Light

monitoring a river for pollution Gas, pH, temperature, light

controlling traffic lights pressure, magnetic field,

NOTE: The same sensor cannot be given twice [3]

3 (a) 1 mark for each nibble

0100 1010 1111 [3]

(b) (i) 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 105 hours 1 mark

00011111 31 minutes 1 mark
00110010 50 seconds 1 mark [3]

(ii) 1F [1]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2016

 Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2016 0478 12

4 (a) Any three from:

– The file can be compressed
– The compression that is used is lossless (not lossy)
– use of a compression algorithm
– repeated words can be indexed
– repeated word sections (e.g. “OU”) can be replaced by a numerical value
– reference to zip files
– save file as a pdf/convert to pdf [3]

(b) Any four from:

– the checksum for the bytes is calculated
– this value is then transmitted with the block of data
– at the receiving end, the checksum is re-calculated from the block of data received
– the calculated value is then compared to the checksum transmitted
– if they are the same value, then the data was transmitted without any error
– if the values are different, then an error has been found
– if the values are different, then a request is sent for the data to be re-transmitted [4]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2016

0478/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2017
PUBLISHED
QUESTION 4.
Question Answer Marks

5(a) 1 mark per correct tick 3

corrupted not corrupted

during during
Received byte
transmission transmission
(9) (9)
10110100 9
01101101 9
10000001 9

5(b) Four from: 4

• Uses acknowledgement and time out
• Check performed on received data // error is detected by e.g. parity
check, check sum
• If error detected, request sent to resend data // negative
acknowledgment is used
• If no acknowledgement is sent that data is received // positive
acknowledgement is used
• Data is resent / Resend request repeated, till data is resent correctly «
• « or request times out // limit is reached

Question Answer Marks

6 1 mark for correct bus name and up to 2 further marks for appropriate 6
purpose.

Address (bus)
Two from:
• Carries / transports an address / location «
• « of the next item to be fetched
• Data travels one way (unidirectional)

Data (bus)
Two from:
• Carries / transports data / example of data ...
• « that is currently being processed // that will be / has been processed
• Data can travel in both directions (bidirectional)

Control (bus)
Two from:
• Carries / transports signals
• Control / directs the actions of the CPU / processor
• Can be either Unidirectional or Bidirectional

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0478/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2017
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

7 5

1 mark for correct line till 5 marks given.

Question Answer Marks

8 • Secondary 6
• HDD/SSD
• SSD/HDD
• Primary
• ROM/RAM
• RAM/ROM

© UCLES 2017 Page 5 of 8

0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2017
PUBLISHED
QUESTION 5.
Question Answer Marks

5(a) 1 mark for correct method, 1 mark for correct answer 2

32 + 16 + 8 + 1
(00)111001

5(b) registers must have leading zeros, allow follow through from 5(a) for an 2
incorrect value
1 mark for each correct register.

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1

5(c) Two from: 2

• data
• ASCII value / Unicode value / character
• number
• part of image / small image
• a sound / sound sample / small sound track
• instruction

5(d) 3A 1

Question Answer Marks

6 1 mark for correct name of code, up to a further 3 marks for appropriate 4

explanation

• Quick response (QR) Code

Three from:
• Barcode is captured / scanned / imaged, by a camera / scanner /
barcode reader / QR code reader
• Read using a laser
• Processed by an app
• Light is reflected back
• Black squares reflect less light than white squares
• Modules are used for orientation / alignment
• Squares / data are decoded

© UCLES 2017 Page 4 of 9

 0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
QUESTION 6. PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8 1 mark for correct translator, 3 marks for explanation: 4

– Compiler

Any three from:

– Does not require recompilation // compiled program can be executed without a compiler «
– ... therefore, allows faster execution
– Provides an executable file «
– « therefore, allows him to just send machine code
– Dimitri’s friend does not need translation/compilation software to execute the program

Question Answer Marks

9(a) QR/Quick response 1

9(b) Any four from: 4

– Read/scanned using app (on mobile device)
– It is the camera that is used to scan/capture the image
– The three large squares are used to define the alignment // uses alignment targets/modules
– Black squares reflect less light // white squares reflect more light
– The app/device processes the image
– Each small square/pixel is converted to a binary value

Question Answer Marks

10(a) Any four from: 4

– Conductive layer
– An electrostatic/electric field is created
– Sensor(s) (around the screen) monitor the electrostatic field
– When touched (electrostatic) charge is transferred to finger
– Location of touch is calculated // Co-ordinates used to calculate touch

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0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

10(b)(i) Any two from: 2

– Gloves are not conductive // Gloves are an insulator
– Block current/charge from finger / body / person
– Stop the electrostatic field being disturbed/changed

10(b)(ii) Any two from e.g. (1 mark for method, 1 for expansion): 2
– She could use a (conductive) stylus«
– « this will allow the charge to be charged/disturbed

– She could use capacitive gloves«

– « this will allow the charge to be charged/disturbed

– She could use a natural language interface/voice operated interface «

– « she could give vocal commands to the device

Question Answer Marks

11 Any six from: 6

– Suitable sensor (motion/infra-red)
– Data converted (from analogue) to digital (using ADC)
– Data sent to microprocessor
– Data is compared to stored value/range «
– « if data matches/out of range data security light turned on «
– « waits for suitable period/until no motion detected «
– « light turned off
– Continuous loop/process

Question Answer Marks

12(a)(i) Encryption 1

© UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 10

 0478/13 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
QUESTION 7. PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

9 Statement Assembler Compiler Interpreter 3

(9) (9) (9)
Translates high-
level language into 9 9
machine code
Provides error
9 9 9
diagnostics
Translates whole
program to object
9 9
code in one
operation
Translates and
executes one line 9
of code at a time

1 mark for each correct column

Question Answer Marks

10 Any six from: 6

– Program counter (PC) holds address / location of the instruction
– The address held in PC is sent to MAR
– Address is sent using address bus
– PC is incremented
– The instruction is sent from address in memory to MDR
– Instruction is transferred using the data bus
– Instruction sent to CIR

© UCLES 2018 Page 10 of 12

0478/13 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

11 Any three from: 3

– Optical media
– Non-volatile
– Offline
– Single (continuous spiral) track
– Data stored using lands / pits
– Read using (red) lasers
– Can be read only (R) or read write (RW)

Question Answer Marks

12 256 × 200 = 51 200 3

51 200 × 16
= 102 400
8

102 400
= 100
1024

Answer 100 kB

One mark for correct answer and two marks for correct calculations.

© UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 12

 0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
QUESTION 8. PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5(b)(i) − Carries out authentication of server and client 2

− Handles encryption algorithms / keys

5(b)(ii) − Record layer 1

5(b)(iii) Any one from: 1

− SSL
− HTTPS

5(c) − Cookies 1

Question Answer Marks

6 6
Capacitive Resistive
Statement
() ()

Needs pressure to be applied to create a circuit 

May not register a touch if the user is wearing


gloves

More commonly used in smartphones 

More responsive to a touch 

Needs an electrical field to be changed to


register a touch

Cheaper to manufacture 

One mark per correct tick

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0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) − 12 (ignore leading zeros) 1

7(a)(ii) − 198 (ignore leading zeros) 1

7(a)(iii) − 1217 1

7(b) One mark per each correct hex value in correct order 3
− 0E9

Question Answer Marks

8(a) Any three from: 3

− It is a universal standard
− It can’t be inserted the wrong way around
− Supports different transmission speeds
− Automatically detects if correct driver installed

8(b) Two marks for benefits, one mark for drawback 3

Benefits:
− Faster speed of printing
− Can print duplex / on both sides
− Many letters can be printed from one toner cartridge
− Can print in high volumes
Drawback
− Toner cartridge more expensive to buy
− More time to warm-up
− Larger footprint

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 0478/13 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
QUESTION 9. PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5(a) Any four from: 4

− Stock control system has a database of stock
− Each product has a (unique) barcode
− Barcode is scanned, and product looked up in database
− Stock levels for product are reduced (by 1)
− Stock is checked against minimum level
− If stock at/below minimum level an order is placed
− When stock is re-ordered flag is reset

5(b) − It has RAM to store the data / programs / by example currently in use 3
− It has ROM to permanently store the boot up instructions
− It has HDD to store the stock database / software / OS / by example

5(c) Any four from: 4

− MAR
− MDR
− PC
− ALU
− CU
− ACC
− CIR
− Buses
− Registers

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) 4
A

B X

One mark for each correct gate.

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QUESTION
Page 4 10. Mark Scheme
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2015
Syllabus
0478
Paper
11

3 (a)
Statement True False

Cookies can destroy or modify data in a computer without the

user’s knowledge

Cookies generate website pop-ups

Cookies allow a website to detect whether a viewer has viewed

specific web pages

[3]

(b) Registers

Any two from:

– PC (Program Counter)
– MAR (Memory Address Register)
– MDR (Memory Data Register)
– CIR or IR ((Current) Instruction Register)
– ACC (Accumilator)

Buses

Any two from:

– control
– data
– address [4]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2015

 Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2015 0478 11

Signal sent to a processor which may

Browser cause a break in execution of the
current routine, according to priorities

Company that provides individual’s

HTML access to the Internet and other
services such as web hosting and
emails

Software application used to locate,

Internet service retrieve and display content on the
provider World Wide Web, e.g. web pages,
videos and other files

Hardware identification number that

uniquely identifies each device on a
Interrupt network; it is manufactured into every
network card and cannot be altered

Authoring language used to create

IP address documents on the World Wide Web;
uses tags and attributes

Location of a given computer/device

MAC address on a network; can be a static or
dynamic value

[5]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2015

QUESTION
Page 5 11. Mark Scheme
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016
Syllabus
0478
Paper
11

5 (a) 1 mark per correct section.

B X

[5]

(b) 4 marks for 8 correct values

3 marks for 6 correct values
2 marks for 4 correct values
1 mark for 2 correct values

A B C Working space X

0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
[4]

© UCLES 2016
 Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0478 11

(c) Register Z [1]

(d) (i) (byte) 5 [1]

(ii) (column) 4 [1]

(iii) corrected byte is: 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 [1]

(iv) that gives the value: 1 5 9

(follow through applies) [1]

(v) Any two from:

– The byte would be transmitted without having 5 consecutive 1’s

– The fault condition would not be recognised [2]

6 Any two from:

High level language

– easier/faster to write code as uses English-like statements

– easier to modify as uses English-like statements
– easier to debug as uses English-like statements
– portable language code

Any two from:

Low level language

– can work directly on memory locations

– can be executed faster
– translated program requires less memory [4]

7 Any four from:

– reaches maximum brightness quickly

– colours are vivid
– good colour definition/contrast can be achieved
– screens can be thinner/thin
– more reliable as LED’s are long lasting
– consume very little/less energy [4]

© UCLES 2016
 0478/13 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
QUESTION 12. PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

10(b) 1 mark per correct gate with correct inputs. 6

Question Answer Marks

11(a) • Holds address of next/current instruction 2

• to be fetched/processed/executed

11(b) • Stores data/instruction that is in use « 2

• from address in MAR

© UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 13

0478/13 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

12 Four from (Max three from each): 4

MP3
• Digital recording of sound
• Produced by recording software / microphone
• Used when distributing sound files
• Compressed file format

MIDI
• Instructions of how to make sound
• Non-audio recording
• File created using digital musical instruments
• Produced by synthesizer
• Used when composing music
• Individual notes/instruments can be changed

Question Answer Marks

13(a) 1 mark for storage, 1 mark for justification 2

• External/Removable HDD // External/Removable SSD // Large capacity USB Flash Drive

• Backups must be stored separately

• Will hold sufficient data
• Faster write abilities (SSD/USB drive only)

© UCLES 2018 Page 12 of 13

 0478/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
QUESTION 13. PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8 Six from: 6
• PC holds address of the instruction
• The address held in PC is sent to MAR «
• « using address bus
• MAR goes to location in memory where instruction is stored
• Instruction sent to MDR «
• « using data bus
• Instruction sent to CIR
• Control unit sends signals to manage the process «
• « using the control bus

9(a) Two from: 2

• Layout of the webpage
• e.g. where a paragraph is placed
• Defined using tags

9(b) One mark for each correct term in the correct order: 4
• browser
• IP address
• web server
• HTML

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 0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
QUESTION 14. PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

4(a) • 52 1

4(b) 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

4(c) • It is multiplied by 4 1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) Four from: 4

• A compression algorithm is used
• Discards any unnecessary sounds «
• « using perceptual musical shaping
• « such as removing background noise / sounds humans can’t hear // or other suitable example
• Reduces sample size / resolution // by example
• Reduces sample rate // by example
• Sound is clipped
• The data is permanently removed

5(b)(i) One from: 1

• The file size will be smaller than lossless
• Requires less storage space
• Requires less time to transmit

5(b)(ii) One from: 1

• The quality of the sound will be reduced
• The original file cannot be restored

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 0478/13 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
QUESTION 15. PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) Three from: 3

• RAM
• Primary memory
• Volatile memory
• Holds currently in use data/instructions
• Directly accessed by the CPU

7(a)(ii) Two from: 2

• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
• Memory address register (MAR)
• Memory data register (MDR) // Memory buffer register (MBR)
• Accumulator (ACC)
• Immediate Access Store (IAS)
• Control Unit (CU)
• Program counter (PC)
• Current instruction register (CIR)
• Address bus
• Data bus
• Control bus
• Input device
• Output device
• Secondary storage device

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Question Answer Marks

7(b) One mark for each correct row 5

True False
Statement
(9) (9)

Interrupts can be hardware based or software based 9

Interrupts are handled by the operating system 9

Interrupts allow a computer to multitask 9

Interrupts work out which program to give priority to 9

Interrupts are vital to a computer and it cannot function without them 9

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Question Answer Marks

8 Four from: 4
• A hacker could have hacked the network «
• « and downloaded the malware onto the network

• Clicking a link/attachment/downloaded a file from an email/on a webpage «

• « the malware could have been embedded into the link/attachment/file

• Opening an infected software package «

• « this would trigger the malware to download onto the network

• Inserting an infected portable storage device «

• « when the drive is accessed the malware is downloaded to the network

• Firewall has been turned off «

• « so malware would not be detected/checked for when entering network

• Anti-malware has been turned off «

• « so malware is not detected/checked for when files are downloaded

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