1. Which of the following are closed curves? Which of them are simple?

Solution:
The figures (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) and (vii) are closed curves and the figures (ii), (iii), (iv)
and (vi) are simple closed curves.
2. Define perimeter of a closed figure.
Solution:
The length of the boundary of a closed figure is known as its perimeter.
3. Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes:

Solution:
We know that perimeter is the sum of lengths of all the sides of a closed figure.
(i) Perimeter of the given figure = 4 + 2 + 1 + 5 = 12 cm
(ii) Perimeter of the given figure = 23 + 35 + 40 + 35 = 133 cm
(iii) Perimeter of the given figure = 15 + 15 + 15 + 15 = 60 cm
(iv) Perimeter of the given figure = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15 cm

Exercise 20.2 page: 20.10

1. Find the perimeters of the rectangles whose lengths and breadths are given
below:
(i) 7 cm, 5 cm
(ii) 5 cm, 4 cm
(iii) 7.5 cm, 4.5 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
It is given that L = 7 cm and B = 5 cm
So the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (7 + 5) = 2 × 12 = 24 cm
(ii) We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
It is given that L = 5 cm and B = 4 cm
So the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (5 + 4) = 2 × 9 = 18 cm
(iii) We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
It is given that L = 7.5 cm and B = 4.5 cm
So the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (7.5 + 4.5) = 2 × 12 = 24 cm
2. Find the perimeters of the squares whose sides are given below:
(i) 10 cm
(ii) 5 m
(iii) 115.5 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side
It is given that L = 10 cm
So the perimeter of a square = 4 × 10 = 40 cm
(ii) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side
It is given that L = 5 m
So the perimeter of a square = 4 × 5 = 20 m
(iii) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side
It is given that L = 115.5 cm
So the perimeter of a square = 4 × 115.5 = 462 cm
3. Find the side of the square whose perimeter is:
(i) 16 m
(ii) 40 cm
(iii) 22 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that side of a square = perimeter/ 4
It is given that perimeter = 16 m
So the side of the square = 16/4 = 4 m
(ii) We know that side of a square = perimeter/ 4
It is given that perimeter = 40 cm
So the side of the square = 40/4 = 10 cm
(iii) We know that side of a square = perimeter/ 4
It is given that perimeter = 22 cm
So the side of the square = 22/4 = 5.5 cm
4. Find the breadth of the rectangle whose perimeter is 360 cm and whose
length is
(i) 116 cm
(ii) 140 cm
(iii) 102 cm
Solution:
We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
So the breadth of the rectangle = perimeter/2 – length
(i) It is given that perimeter = 360 cm and length = 116 cm
So the breadth of the rectangle = 360/2 – 116 = 180 – 116 = 64 cm
(ii) It is given that perimeter = 360 cm and length = 140 cm
So the breadth of the rectangle = 360/2 – 140 = 180 – 140 = 40 cm
(iii) It is given that perimeter = 360 cm and length = 102 cm
So the breadth of the rectangle = 360/2 – 102 = 180 – 102 = 78 cm
5. A rectangular piece of lawn is 55 m wide and 98 m long. Find the length of
the fence around it.
Solution:
The dimensions of lawn are
Breadth = 55 m
Length = 98 m
We know that
Perimeter of lawn = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter of lawn = 2 (98 +55)
So we get
Perimeter of lawn = 2 × 153 = 306 m
Hence, the length of the fence around the lawn is 306 m.
6. The side of a square field is 65 m. What is the length of the fence required all
around it?
Solution:
It is given that
Side of a square field = 65 m
So the perimeter of square field = 4 × side of the square
By substituting the values
Perimeter of square field = 4 × 65 = 260 m
Hence, the length of the fence required all around the square field is 260 m.
7. Two sides of a triangle are 15 cm and 20 cm. The perimeter of the triangle is
50 cm. What is the third side?
Solution:
It is given that
First side of triangle = 15 cm
Second side of triangle = 20 cm
In order to find the length of third side
We know that perimeter of a triangle is the sum of all three sides of a triangle
So the length of third side = perimeter of triangle – sum of length of other two sides
By substituting the values
Length of third side = 50 – (15 + 20) = 15 cm.
Hence, the length of third side is 15 cm.
8. A wire of length 20 m is to be folded in the form of a rectangle. How many
rectangles can be formed by folding the wire if the sides are positive integers
in metres?
Solution:
Given:
Length of wire 20 m is folded in the form of rectangle
So the perimeter = 20 m
It can be written as
2 (L + B) = 20 m
On further calculation
L + B = 10 m
If the sides are positive integers in metres the possible dimensions are (1m, 9m),
(2m, 8m), (3m, 7m), (4m, 6m) and (5m, 5m)
Hence, five rectangles can be formed using the given wire.
9. A square piece of land has each side equal to 100 m. If 3 layers of metal wire
has to be used to fence it, what is the length of the wire needed?
Solution:
It is given that
Each side of a square field = 100 m
We can find the wire required to fence the square field by determining the perimeter
= 4 × each side of a square field
By substituting the values
Perimeter of the square field = 4 × 100 = 400 m
So the length of wire which is required to fence three layers is = 3 × 400 = 1200 m
Hence, the length of wire needed to fence 3 layers is 1200 m.
10. Shikha runs around a square of side 75 m. Priya runs around a rectangle
with length 60 m and breadth 45 m. Who covers the smaller distance?
Solution:
It is given that
Shikha runs around a square of side = 75 m
So the perimeter = 4 × 75 = 300 m
Priya runs around a rectangle having
Length = 60 m
Breadth = 45 m
So the distance covered can be found from the perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (60 + 45) = 2 × 105 = 210 m
Hence, Priya covers the smaller distance of 210 m.
11. The dimensions of a photographs are 30 cm × 20 cm. What length of
wooden frame is needed to frame the picture?
Solution:
It is given that
Dimensions of a photographs = 30 cm × 20 cm
So the required length of the wooden frame can be determined from the perimeter of
the photograph = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values = 2 (30 + 20) = 2 × 50 = 100 cm
Hence, the length of the wooden frame required to frame the picture is 100 cm.
12. The length of a rectangular field is 100 m. If the perimeter is 300 m, what is
its breadth?
Solution:
The dimensions of rectangular field are
Length = 100 m
Perimeter = 300 m
We know that perimeter = 2 (L + B)
It can be written as
Breadth = perimeter/2 – length
By substituting the values
Breadth = (300-200)/2 = 100/2 = 50 m
Hence, the breadth of the rectangular field is 50 m.
13. To fix fence wires in a garden, 70 m long and 50 m wide, Arvind bought
metal pipes for posts. He fixed a post every 5 metres apart. Each post was 2 m
long. What is the total length of the pipes he bought for the posts?
Solution:
The dimensions of garden are
Length = 70 m
Breadth = 50 m
So the perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (70 + 50) = 2 × 120 = 240 m
Given:
Arvind fixes a post every 5 metres apart
No. of posts required = 240/5 = 48
The length of each post = 2 m
So the total length of the pipe required = 48 × 2 = 96 m
Hence, the total length of the pipes he bought for the posts is 96 m.
14. Find the cost of fencing a rectangular park of length 175 m and breadth 125
m at the rate of Rs 12 per meter.
Solution:
The dimensions of the rectangular park are
Length = 175 m
Breadth = 125 m
So the perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (175 + 125) = 2 × 300 = 600 m
It is given that the cost of fencing = Rs 12 per meter
So the total cost of fencing = 12 × 600 = Rs 7200
Hence, the cost of fencing a rectangular park is Rs 7200.
15. The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 cm. How long is each side?
Solution:
We know that a regular pentagon is a closed polygon having 5 sides of same length.
It is given that
Perimeter of a regular pentagon = 100 cm
It can be written as
Perimeter = 5 × side of the regular pentagon
So we get
Side of the regular pentagon = Perimeter/5
By substituting the values
Side of the regular pentagon = 100/5 = 20 cm
Hence, the side of the regular pentagon measures 20 cm.
16. Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon with each side measuring 8 m.
Solution:
We know that a regular hexagon is a closed polygon which has six sides of same
length.
It is given that
Side of the regular hexagon = 8 m
So we get
Perimeter = 6 × side of the regular hexagon
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 6 × 8 = 48 m
Hence, the perimeter of a regular hexagon is 48 m.
17. A rectangular piece of land measure 0.7 km by 0.5 km. Each side is to be
fenced with four rows of wires. What length of the wire is needed?
Solution:
It is given that
Measure of rectangular piece of land = 0.7 km × 0.5 km
We know that
Perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (0.7 + 0.5) = 2 × 1.2 = 2.4 km
The above obtained perimeter = one row of wire needed to fence the rectangular
piece of land
So the length of wire needed to fence the land with 4 rows of wire = 4 × 2.4 = 9.6 km
Hence, the length of wire needed is 9.6 km.
18. Avneet buys 9 square paving slabs, each with a side of ½ m. He lays them
in the form of a square.
(i) What is the perimeter of his arrangement?
(ii) Shari does not like his arrangement. She gets him to lay them out like a
cross. What is the perimeter of her arrangement?
(iii) Which has greater perimeter?
(iv) Avneet wonders, if there is a way of getting an even greater perimeter. Can
you find a way of doing this? (The paving slabs must meet along complete
edges they cannot be broken)
Solution:
(i) It is given that length of each side of the slab = ½ m
One side of the square is formed by three slabs in a square arrangement
Length of side = 3 × ½ = 3/2 m
So the perimeter of the square arrangement = 4 × 3/2 = 6 m
(ii) From the figure, cross arrangement has 8 sides which form periphery of the
arrangement and measure 1 m each.
It also has 4 sides which measure ½ m each
Perimeter of the cross arrangement = 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1
= 8 + 2 = 10 m

(iii) We know that

Perimeter of cross arrangement = 10 m
Perimeter of square arrangement = 6 m
Hence, the perimeter of cross arrangement is greater than the perimeter of square
arrangement.
(iv) No, Avneet cannot arrange the slabs having perimeter more than 10 m.

Exercise 20.3 page: 20.14

1. The following figures are drawn on a squared paper. Count the number of
squares enclosed by each figure and find its area, taking the area of each
square as 1 cm2. (Fig. 20.25).

Solution:
(i) The given shape has 16 complete squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 16 × 1 = 16 cm2
(ii) The given shape has 36 complete squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 36 × 1 = 36 cm2
(iii) The given shape has 15 complete and 6 half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 15 + 6 × 12 = 18 cm2
(iv) The given shape has 20 complete and 8 half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 20 + 8 × 12 = 24 cm2
(v) The given shape has 13 complete, 8 more than half and 7 less than half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 13 + 8 × 1 = 21 cm2
(vi) The given shape has 8 complete, 6 more than half and 4 less than half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 8 + 6 × 1 = 14 cm2
2. On a squared paper, draw (i) a rectangle, (ii) a triangle (iii) any irregular
closed figure. Find the approximate area of each by counting the number of
squares complete, more than half and exactly half.
Solution:
(i) A rectangle
The given shape has 18 complete squares
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the rectangle = 18 × 1 = 18 cm2

(ii) A triangle
The given shape has 4 complete, 6 more than half and 6 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the square = 4 + 6 × 1 = 10 cm2
(iii) Any irregular figure
The given shape has 10 complete, 1 exactly half, 7 more than half and 6 less than
half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the shape = 10 + 1 × 12 + 7 × 1 = 17.5 cm2
3. Draw any circle on the graph paper. Count the squares and use them to
estimate the area of the circular region.
Solution:

The given circles has 21 complete, 15 more than half and 8 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
By neglecting less than half squares, we get
Area of the circle = 21 + 15 = 36 cm2
4. Use tracing paper and centimetre graph paper to compare the areas of the
following pairs of figures:

Solution:

With the help of tracing paper trace both the figures on a graph
Figure (i) has 4 complete, 9 more than half and 9 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
By neglecting less than half squares, we get
Area of the shape = 4 + 9 = 13 cm2
Figure (ii) has 8 complete, 11 more than half and 10 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
By neglecting less than half squares, we get
Area of the shape = 8 + 11 = 19 cm2
By comparing the areas of both the shapes, we know that the figure (ii) has area
greater than that of figure (i).

Exercise 20.4 page: 20.21

1. Find the area of a rectangle, whose
(i) Length = 6 cm, breadth = 3 cm
(ii) Length = 8 cm, breadth = 3 cm
(iii) Length = 4.5 cm, breadth = 2 cm.
Solution:
(i) We know that area of a rectangle = L × B
It is given that Length = 6 cm, breadth = 3 cm
By substituting the values
Area of a rectangle = 6 × 3 = 18 cm2
(ii) We know that area of a rectangle = L × B
It is given that Length = 8 cm, breadth = 3 cm
By substituting the values
Area of a rectangle = 8 × 3 = 24 cm2
(iii) We know that area of a rectangle = L × B
It is given that Length = 4.5 cm, breadth = 2 cm
By substituting the values
Area of a rectangle = 4.5 × 2 = 9 cm2
2. Find the area of a square whose side is:
(i) 5 cm
(ii) 4.1 cm
(iii) 5.5 cm
(iv) 2.6 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 5 cm
So the area of the square = 5 × 5 = 25 cm2
(ii) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 4.1 cm
So the area of the square = 4.1 × 4.1 = 16.81 cm2
(iii) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 5.5 cm
So the area of the square = 5.5 × 5.5 = 30.25 cm2
(iv) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 2.6 cm
So the area of the square = 2.6 × 2.6 = 6.76 cm2
3. The area of a rectangle is 49 cm2 and its breadth is 2.8 cm. Find the length of
the rectangle.
Solution:
It is given that area of a rectangle = 49 cm2
Breadth of a rectangle = 2.8 cm
We know that
Area of a rectangle = L × B
It can be written as
L = Area/B = 49/2.8 = 17.5 cm
Hence, the length of the rectangle is 17.5 cm.
4. The side of a square is 70 cm. Find its area and perimeter.
Solution:
It is given that side of a square = 70 cm
We know that area of a square = side × side
By substituting the values
Area of a square = 70 × 70 = 4900 cm2
We know that perimeter of a square = 4 × side
By substituting the values
Perimeter of a square = 4 × 70 = 280 cm
Hence, the area of square is 4900 cm2 and the perimeter of square is 280 cm.
5. The area of a rectangle is 225 cm2 and its one side is 25 cm, find its other
side.
Solution:
It is given that
Area of a rectangle = 225 cm2
Length of one side = 25 cm
We know that area of a rectangle = Product of length of two sides
So the other side = area/side
By substituting the values
Other side = 225/25 = 9 cm
Hence, the other side of the rectangle is 9 cm.
6. What will happen to the area of rectangle if its
(i) Length and breadth are trebled
(ii) Length is doubled and breadth is same
(iii) Length is doubled and breadth is halved.
Solution:
(i) Length and breadth are trebled
Consider l as the initial length and b as the initial breadth
So the original area = l × b
If the length and breadth are trebled it becomes three times more than the original
value
New length = 3l
New breadth = 3b
New area of the rectangle = 3l × 3b = 9lb
Hence, the area of the rectangle becomes 9 times more than its original area.
(ii) Length is doubled and breadth is same
Consider l as the initial length and b as the initial breadth
So the original area = l × b
If the length is doubled and breadth is same we get
New length = 2l
New breadth = b
New area of the rectangle = 2l × b = 2lb
Hence, the area of the rectangle becomes 2 times more than the original area.
(iii) Length is doubled and breadth is halved
Consider l as the initial length and b as the initial breadth
So the original area = l × b
If the length is doubled and breadth is halved we get
New length = 2l
New breadth = b/2
New area of the rectangle = 2l × b/2 = lb
Hence, the area of the rectangle does not change.
1. Which of the following are closed curves? Which of them are simple?
Solution:
The figures (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) and (vii) are closed curves and the figures (ii), (iii), (iv)
and (vi) are simple closed curves.
2. Define perimeter of a closed figure.
Solution:
The length of the boundary of a closed figure is known as its perimeter.
3. Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes:

Solution:
We know that perimeter is the sum of lengths of all the sides of a closed figure.
(i) Perimeter of the given figure = 4 + 2 + 1 + 5 = 12 cm
(ii) Perimeter of the given figure = 23 + 35 + 40 + 35 = 133 cm
(iii) Perimeter of the given figure = 15 + 15 + 15 + 15 = 60 cm
(iv) Perimeter of the given figure = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15 cm

Exercise 20.2 page: 20.10

1. Find the perimeters of the rectangles whose lengths and breadths are given
below:
(i) 7 cm, 5 cm
(ii) 5 cm, 4 cm
(iii) 7.5 cm, 4.5 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
It is given that L = 7 cm and B = 5 cm
So the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (7 + 5) = 2 × 12 = 24 cm
(ii) We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
It is given that L = 5 cm and B = 4 cm
So the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (5 + 4) = 2 × 9 = 18 cm
(iii) We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
It is given that L = 7.5 cm and B = 4.5 cm
So the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (7.5 + 4.5) = 2 × 12 = 24 cm
2. Find the perimeters of the squares whose sides are given below:
(i) 10 cm
(ii) 5 m
(iii) 115.5 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side
It is given that L = 10 cm
So the perimeter of a square = 4 × 10 = 40 cm
(ii) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side
It is given that L = 5 m
So the perimeter of a square = 4 × 5 = 20 m
(iii) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side
It is given that L = 115.5 cm
So the perimeter of a square = 4 × 115.5 = 462 cm
3. Find the side of the square whose perimeter is:
(i) 16 m
(ii) 40 cm
(iii) 22 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that side of a square = perimeter/ 4
It is given that perimeter = 16 m
So the side of the square = 16/4 = 4 m
(ii) We know that side of a square = perimeter/ 4
It is given that perimeter = 40 cm
So the side of the square = 40/4 = 10 cm
(iii) We know that side of a square = perimeter/ 4
It is given that perimeter = 22 cm
So the side of the square = 22/4 = 5.5 cm
4. Find the breadth of the rectangle whose perimeter is 360 cm and whose
length is
(i) 116 cm
(ii) 140 cm
(iii) 102 cm
Solution:
We know that the perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (L + B)
So the breadth of the rectangle = perimeter/2 – length
(i) It is given that perimeter = 360 cm and length = 116 cm
So the breadth of the rectangle = 360/2 – 116 = 180 – 116 = 64 cm
(ii) It is given that perimeter = 360 cm and length = 140 cm
So the breadth of the rectangle = 360/2 – 140 = 180 – 140 = 40 cm
(iii) It is given that perimeter = 360 cm and length = 102 cm
So the breadth of the rectangle = 360/2 – 102 = 180 – 102 = 78 cm
5. A rectangular piece of lawn is 55 m wide and 98 m long. Find the length of
the fence around it.
Solution:
The dimensions of lawn are
Breadth = 55 m
Length = 98 m
We know that
Perimeter of lawn = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter of lawn = 2 (98 +55)
So we get
Perimeter of lawn = 2 × 153 = 306 m
Hence, the length of the fence around the lawn is 306 m.
6. The side of a square field is 65 m. What is the length of the fence required all
around it?
Solution:
It is given that
Side of a square field = 65 m
So the perimeter of square field = 4 × side of the square
By substituting the values
Perimeter of square field = 4 × 65 = 260 m
Hence, the length of the fence required all around the square field is 260 m.
7. Two sides of a triangle are 15 cm and 20 cm. The perimeter of the triangle is
50 cm. What is the third side?
Solution:
It is given that
First side of triangle = 15 cm
Second side of triangle = 20 cm
In order to find the length of third side
We know that perimeter of a triangle is the sum of all three sides of a triangle
So the length of third side = perimeter of triangle – sum of length of other two sides
By substituting the values
Length of third side = 50 – (15 + 20) = 15 cm.
Hence, the length of third side is 15 cm.
8. A wire of length 20 m is to be folded in the form of a rectangle. How many
rectangles can be formed by folding the wire if the sides are positive integers
in metres?
Solution:
Given:
Length of wire 20 m is folded in the form of rectangle
So the perimeter = 20 m
It can be written as
2 (L + B) = 20 m
On further calculation
L + B = 10 m
If the sides are positive integers in metres the possible dimensions are (1m, 9m),
(2m, 8m), (3m, 7m), (4m, 6m) and (5m, 5m)
Hence, five rectangles can be formed using the given wire.
9. A square piece of land has each side equal to 100 m. If 3 layers of metal wire
has to be used to fence it, what is the length of the wire needed?
Solution:
It is given that
Each side of a square field = 100 m
We can find the wire required to fence the square field by determining the perimeter
= 4 × each side of a square field
By substituting the values
Perimeter of the square field = 4 × 100 = 400 m
So the length of wire which is required to fence three layers is = 3 × 400 = 1200 m
Hence, the length of wire needed to fence 3 layers is 1200 m.
10. Shikha runs around a square of side 75 m. Priya runs around a rectangle
with length 60 m and breadth 45 m. Who covers the smaller distance?
Solution:
It is given that
Shikha runs around a square of side = 75 m
So the perimeter = 4 × 75 = 300 m
Priya runs around a rectangle having
Length = 60 m
Breadth = 45 m
So the distance covered can be found from the perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (60 + 45) = 2 × 105 = 210 m
Hence, Priya covers the smaller distance of 210 m.
11. The dimensions of a photographs are 30 cm × 20 cm. What length of
wooden frame is needed to frame the picture?
Solution:
It is given that
Dimensions of a photographs = 30 cm × 20 cm
So the required length of the wooden frame can be determined from the perimeter of
the photograph = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values = 2 (30 + 20) = 2 × 50 = 100 cm
Hence, the length of the wooden frame required to frame the picture is 100 cm.
12. The length of a rectangular field is 100 m. If the perimeter is 300 m, what is
its breadth?
Solution:
The dimensions of rectangular field are
Length = 100 m
Perimeter = 300 m
We know that perimeter = 2 (L + B)
It can be written as
Breadth = perimeter/2 – length
By substituting the values
Breadth = (300-200)/2 = 100/2 = 50 m
Hence, the breadth of the rectangular field is 50 m.
13. To fix fence wires in a garden, 70 m long and 50 m wide, Arvind bought
metal pipes for posts. He fixed a post every 5 metres apart. Each post was 2 m
long. What is the total length of the pipes he bought for the posts?
Solution:
The dimensions of garden are
Length = 70 m
Breadth = 50 m
So the perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (70 + 50) = 2 × 120 = 240 m
Given:
Arvind fixes a post every 5 metres apart
No. of posts required = 240/5 = 48
The length of each post = 2 m
So the total length of the pipe required = 48 × 2 = 96 m
Hence, the total length of the pipes he bought for the posts is 96 m.
14. Find the cost of fencing a rectangular park of length 175 m and breadth 125
m at the rate of Rs 12 per meter.
Solution:
The dimensions of the rectangular park are
Length = 175 m
Breadth = 125 m
So the perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (175 + 125) = 2 × 300 = 600 m
It is given that the cost of fencing = Rs 12 per meter
So the total cost of fencing = 12 × 600 = Rs 7200
Hence, the cost of fencing a rectangular park is Rs 7200.
15. The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 cm. How long is each side?
Solution:
We know that a regular pentagon is a closed polygon having 5 sides of same length.
It is given that
Perimeter of a regular pentagon = 100 cm
It can be written as
Perimeter = 5 × side of the regular pentagon
So we get
Side of the regular pentagon = Perimeter/5
By substituting the values
Side of the regular pentagon = 100/5 = 20 cm
Hence, the side of the regular pentagon measures 20 cm.
16. Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon with each side measuring 8 m.
Solution:
We know that a regular hexagon is a closed polygon which has six sides of same
length.
It is given that
Side of the regular hexagon = 8 m
So we get
Perimeter = 6 × side of the regular hexagon
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 6 × 8 = 48 m
Hence, the perimeter of a regular hexagon is 48 m.
17. A rectangular piece of land measure 0.7 km by 0.5 km. Each side is to be
fenced with four rows of wires. What length of the wire is needed?
Solution:
It is given that
Measure of rectangular piece of land = 0.7 km × 0.5 km
We know that
Perimeter = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (0.7 + 0.5) = 2 × 1.2 = 2.4 km
The above obtained perimeter = one row of wire needed to fence the rectangular
piece of land
So the length of wire needed to fence the land with 4 rows of wire = 4 × 2.4 = 9.6 km
Hence, the length of wire needed is 9.6 km.
18. Avneet buys 9 square paving slabs, each with a side of ½ m. He lays them
in the form of a square.
(i) What is the perimeter of his arrangement?
(ii) Shari does not like his arrangement. She gets him to lay them out like a
cross. What is the perimeter of her arrangement?
(iii) Which has greater perimeter?
(iv) Avneet wonders, if there is a way of getting an even greater perimeter. Can
you find a way of doing this? (The paving slabs must meet along complete
edges they cannot be broken)
Solution:
(i) It is given that length of each side of the slab = ½ m
One side of the square is formed by three slabs in a square arrangement
Length of side = 3 × ½ = 3/2 m
So the perimeter of the square arrangement = 4 × 3/2 = 6 m
(ii) From the figure, cross arrangement has 8 sides which form periphery of the
arrangement and measure 1 m each.
It also has 4 sides which measure ½ m each
Perimeter of the cross arrangement = 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1
= 8 + 2 = 10 m

(iii) We know that

Perimeter of cross arrangement = 10 m
Perimeter of square arrangement = 6 m
Hence, the perimeter of cross arrangement is greater than the perimeter of square
arrangement.
(iv) No, Avneet cannot arrange the slabs having perimeter more than 10 m.

Exercise 20.3 page: 20.14

1. The following figures are drawn on a squared paper. Count the number of
squares enclosed by each figure and find its area, taking the area of each
square as 1 cm2. (Fig. 20.25).

Solution:
(i) The given shape has 16 complete squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 16 × 1 = 16 cm2
(ii) The given shape has 36 complete squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 36 × 1 = 36 cm2
(iii) The given shape has 15 complete and 6 half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 15 + 6 × 12 = 18 cm2
(iv) The given shape has 20 complete and 8 half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 20 + 8 × 12 = 24 cm2
(v) The given shape has 13 complete, 8 more than half and 7 less than half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 13 + 8 × 1 = 21 cm2
(vi) The given shape has 8 complete, 6 more than half and 4 less than half squares.
It is given that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the given shape = 8 + 6 × 1 = 14 cm2
2. On a squared paper, draw (i) a rectangle, (ii) a triangle (iii) any irregular
closed figure. Find the approximate area of each by counting the number of
squares complete, more than half and exactly half.
Solution:
(i) A rectangle
The given shape has 18 complete squares
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the rectangle = 18 × 1 = 18 cm2

(ii) A triangle
The given shape has 4 complete, 6 more than half and 6 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the square = 4 + 6 × 1 = 10 cm2
(iii) Any irregular figure
The given shape has 10 complete, 1 exactly half, 7 more than half and 6 less than
half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
So the area of the shape = 10 + 1 × 12 + 7 × 1 = 17.5 cm2
3. Draw any circle on the graph paper. Count the squares and use them to
estimate the area of the circular region.
Solution:

The given circles has 21 complete, 15 more than half and 8 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
By neglecting less than half squares, we get
Area of the circle = 21 + 15 = 36 cm2
4. Use tracing paper and centimetre graph paper to compare the areas of the
following pairs of figures:

Solution:

With the help of tracing paper trace both the figures on a graph
Figure (i) has 4 complete, 9 more than half and 9 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
By neglecting less than half squares, we get
Area of the shape = 4 + 9 = 13 cm2
Figure (ii) has 8 complete, 11 more than half and 10 less than half squares.
Assume that area of one square = 1 cm2
By neglecting less than half squares, we get
Area of the shape = 8 + 11 = 19 cm2
By comparing the areas of both the shapes, we know that the figure (ii) has area
greater than that of figure (i).

Exercise 20.4 page: 20.21

1. Find the area of a rectangle, whose
(i) Length = 6 cm, breadth = 3 cm
(ii) Length = 8 cm, breadth = 3 cm
(iii) Length = 4.5 cm, breadth = 2 cm.
Solution:
(i) We know that area of a rectangle = L × B
It is given that Length = 6 cm, breadth = 3 cm
By substituting the values
Area of a rectangle = 6 × 3 = 18 cm2
(ii) We know that area of a rectangle = L × B
It is given that Length = 8 cm, breadth = 3 cm
By substituting the values
Area of a rectangle = 8 × 3 = 24 cm2
(iii) We know that area of a rectangle = L × B
It is given that Length = 4.5 cm, breadth = 2 cm
By substituting the values
Area of a rectangle = 4.5 × 2 = 9 cm2
2. Find the area of a square whose side is:
(i) 5 cm
(ii) 4.1 cm
(iii) 5.5 cm
(iv) 2.6 cm
Solution:
(i) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 5 cm
So the area of the square = 5 × 5 = 25 cm2
(ii) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 4.1 cm
So the area of the square = 4.1 × 4.1 = 16.81 cm2
(iii) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 5.5 cm
So the area of the square = 5.5 × 5.5 = 30.25 cm2
(iv) We know that area of a square = side × side
It is given that side of a square = 2.6 cm
So the area of the square = 2.6 × 2.6 = 6.76 cm2
3. The area of a rectangle is 49 cm2 and its breadth is 2.8 cm. Find the length of
the rectangle.
Solution:
It is given that area of a rectangle = 49 cm2
Breadth of a rectangle = 2.8 cm
We know that
Area of a rectangle = L × B
It can be written as
L = Area/B = 49/2.8 = 17.5 cm
Hence, the length of the rectangle is 17.5 cm.
4. The side of a square is 70 cm. Find its area and perimeter.
Solution:
It is given that side of a square = 70 cm
We know that area of a square = side × side
By substituting the values
Area of a square = 70 × 70 = 4900 cm2
We know that perimeter of a square = 4 × side
By substituting the values
Perimeter of a square = 4 × 70 = 280 cm
Hence, the area of square is 4900 cm2 and the perimeter of square is 280 cm.
5. The area of a rectangle is 225 cm2 and its one side is 25 cm, find its other
side.
Solution:
It is given that
Area of a rectangle = 225 cm2
Length of one side = 25 cm
We know that area of a rectangle = Product of length of two sides
So the other side = area/side
By substituting the values
Other side = 225/25 = 9 cm
Hence, the other side of the rectangle is 9 cm.
6. What will happen to the area of rectangle if its
(i) Length and breadth are trebled
(ii) Length is doubled and breadth is same
(iii) Length is doubled and breadth is halved.
Solution:
(i) Length and breadth are trebled
Consider l as the initial length and b as the initial breadth
So the original area = l × b
If the length and breadth are trebled it becomes three times more than the original
value
New length = 3l
New breadth = 3b
New area of the rectangle = 3l × 3b = 9lb
Hence, the area of the rectangle becomes 9 times more than its original area.
(ii) Length is doubled and breadth is same
Consider l as the initial length and b as the initial breadth
So the original area = l × b
If the length is doubled and breadth is same we get
New length = 2l
New breadth = b
New area of the rectangle = 2l × b = 2lb
Hence, the area of the rectangle becomes 2 times more than the original area.
(iii) Length is doubled and breadth is halved
Consider l as the initial length and b as the initial breadth
So the original area = l × b
If the length is doubled and breadth is halved we get
New length = 2l
New breadth = b/2
New area of the rectangle = 2l × b/2 = lb
Hence, the area of the rectangle does not change.
Q.1: Find the total distance around the rectangular field if the length of the field is 50 meters and the
width is 30 meters. Also, find the area of the field.

Solution: As per the given question,

The length of the field = 50 meters

The width of the field = 30 meters

By the formula of perimeter of a rectangular field, we know that the total distance around the field
will be,

Perimeter = 2 (Length + Width)

= 2 (50 + 30) meters

= 2 x 80 meters

= 160 meters

Area of rectangular field = Length x width

= 50 x 30 meter2

= 1500 meter2

Q.2: A rectangular ground is 8 m long and 5 m wide such that there is a margin of 1.5 m along each
of its sides. Find the total area of the margin.

Solution: As per the given question,

The length of the rectangular ground = 8 m

The breadth of the rectangular ground = 5 m

Then,

The area of the rectangular ground = length × breadth

=8×5

= 40 m2

Applications of area and perimeter

From the above figure, new length and breadth of the ground when the margin of 1.5 m is not
included are:

Length = 8 – (1.5 + 1.5) = 5 m

Breadth = 5 – (1.5 + 1.5) cm = 2 m

New area of the ground = 5m × 2m = 10 m2

Therefore,

Area of margin = Area of the rectangular ground when margin is included – Area of the ground when
margin is not included

= 40 – 10
= 30 cm2

Hence, the required area is 30 sq.cm.