Solution

11TH-PHYSICS C,2 CWS-2023

Class 11 - Physics
Understanding and Remembering
1.
(d) describe motion without going into the causes of motion.
Explanation: Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems
of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the mass of each or the forces that caused the motion.
2. (a) frame of reference consisting of a clock and a Cartesian system having three mutually ⊥ axes, (X,Y, and Z)
Explanation: Motion is a change in position of an object with time. In order to specify the position, we need to use a reference

8
point and a set of axes. It is convenient to choose a rectangular coordinate system consisting of three mutually perpendicular
axes, labelled X-, Y-, and Z- axes.

47
The point of intersection of these three axes is called origin (O) and serves as the reference point. The coordinates (x, y. z) of an
object describe the position of the object with respect to this coordinate system.
To measure time, we position a clock in this system. This coordinate system along with a clock constitutes a frame of reference.

06
3.
(b) motion along z-axis
Explanation: Given, at t =0 s, position of an object is (-1, 0, 3) and at t = 5 s, its coordinate is (-1, 0, 4). So, there is no change

72
in x and y-coordinates, while z-coordinate changes from 3 to 4. So, the object is in motion along z-axis.
4.
(d) displacement of the particle is 30 m
97
Explanation: As the particle returns to the starting point, its displacement is zero.
30 m
Average speed = 10 s
= 3 m/s
5. i. three-dimensional
T:9

ii. one-dimensional
iii. two-dimensional
iv. two-dimensional
v. two-dimensional
P
CE

6.
N
CO

Consider velocity-time graph for uniform motion along a straight path as shown in the given figure. Let A and B be two points on
the velocity-time graph corresponding to the instants t1 and t2. As the motion is uniform, hence we have
AA1 = BB1 = v.
Area under v-t graph between t1 and t2 = area(ABB1A1)
= AA 1 × A1 B1 = v (t2 − t1 ) .......(i)
Displacement x2 − x1
But, v = Time
= t2 − t1

Therefore, V (t2 - t1) = x2 - x1

and area(ABB1A1) = (x2 - x1).
Hence, area under a velocity-time graph between the instants t1 and t2 gives the magnitude of displacement of a particle in the
time interval (t2 - t1).
7. Let us consider function of motion
x(t) = A + Be …(i)
−γt

Where γ and A, is a constant B is amplitude

1 / 10
9977206478
 x (t) is displacement at time t, where A > B andγ >0
dx(t)
−γt −γt
v(t) = = 0 + (−γ)Be = −γBe
dt
d d −γt 2 −γt
a(t) = [v(t)] = (−γB exp ) = (γ B exp )
dt dt

From (i) ∴A > B so x is always + ve i.e., x > 0.

From (ii) v is always negative from (ii) v < 0
From (iii) a is always again positive a >0
As the value of γ Be can varies from 0 to
2 −γ
+ ∞

8. i. The shaded portion of the car represents the distance travelled by the car in the first four seconds.

8
47
The car travels with a non-uniform speed which is accelerated in nature.

06
ii. The straight line portion of the graph represents the uniform motion of the car i.e. from point A to B.
iii. Acceleration is positive and rate of change of acceleration is negative
Applying

72
9.
(d) 4s
Explanation: Let l be the length of the inclined plane. Then
97
I

4
= a(2) and l = at
1

2
2 1

2
2

2
1 t
∴ =
1 4
T:9

⇒ t
2
= 16 or t = 4s
10. (a) 89.4
Explanation: Initial velocity, u = 0
Acceleration, a = 10.0 m/s​2
P

Distance covered, s = 400 m

CE

Final velocity, v = ?
We know that, v − u = 2as 2 2

2
⇒ v − 0 = 2 × 10 × 400

2
⇒ 8000 = v
−−−−
N

⇒ v = √8000 = 89.4 m/s

11.
CO

(b) 2.74 × 105 m/s2

Explanation: We know the equation of motion
v2 − u2 = 2as
Given: v = 10.97 km/s = 10.97 × 103 m/s
u=0
S = 220 m
2 2 3 2 2 3 2
v −u (10.97× 10 ) −(0) (10.97×10 )
Acceleration a = 2s
= 2×220
= 440

= 2.74 × 105 m/s2

12. i. A flying kite in the sky comes under three-dimensional motion.
ii. A cricket ball hit by a player comes under two-dimensional motion.
iii. Moon revolving around the sun-earth comes under two-dimensional motion.
iv. The motion of the stone in circular motion comes under two-dimensional motion.

2 / 10
9977206478
13. Instantaneous speed,
v = lim Δx

Δt
Δt→0

Instantaneous velocity,
Δx⃗
v ⃗ = lim
Δt
Δt→0

For an arbitrary small interval of time (Δt), the magnitude of displacement |Δx⃗| is equal to the length of the path Δx. So
instantaneous speed is always equal to the magnitude of instantaneous velocity.
14. Both the situations are possible
i. When an object is projected upwards, its velocity at the top-most point is zero even though the acceleration on itis 9.8 m
/s2(g).
ii. When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circular path, the acceleration acting on it is always at right angles i.e.
perpendicular to the direction of motion of stone.
(54×5)
15. Velocity of the police jeep, VPJ = 54km/hr = = 15m/s

8
18

(126×5)
Velocity of the thief car, VTC = 126km/hr = = 35m/s

47
18

Muzzle speed of the bullet V = 100m/s. B

Now velocity of the thief car, VTC with respect to the police jeep (VPJ), VCP = VTC - VPJ = 35 - 15 = 20m/s.

06
VBC = VB - VCP = 100 - 20 = 80 m/s
Where, VBC = Velocity of bullet, VB w.r.t the relative velocity of the thief car, VCP
Thus bullet will hit the car with a velocity of 80m/s.

72
16. Let us divide the time interval of motion of an object under free fall into many equal intervals x and find out the distances
traversed during successive intervals of time. Since u = 0, then y = − g t 1

2
2

To calculate the position of the object after different time intervals 0, τ , 2τ , 3τ , . . . which are given in the second column of the
97
table shown below.
y in Terms of Distance Traversed Ratio of
t y
y0 = (-1/2)g τ 2
in Successive Intervals Distance Traversed
T:9

0 0 0

τ (− ) g τ
1 2
y0 y0 1
2
P

2τ -4( ) g τ
1 2
4 y0 3 y0 3
2
CE

3τ -9( ) g τ
1 2
9 y0 5 y0 5
2

4τ -16( ) g τ
1 2
16 y0 7 y0 7
2

5τ -25( ) g τ
1 2
25 y0 9 y0 9
N

6τ -36( ) g τ
1 2
36 y0 11 y0 11
2
CO

The third column gives the position in the unit of y0.

The fourth column shows the distances traversed in successive τ s At last, the fifth column find the distances are in simple ratio 1 :
3 : 5 : 7. Hence proved
17. At t = 3.5,
We know that instantaneous velocity of a particle
Δx
v = lim
Δt
Δt→0

In the words to calculate instantaneous velocity, we have to reduce △t to approximately zero (i.e. infinitesimal small) and find the
△x
corresponding value of △t
. Following table will illustrate the process.
′ ′ ′ △x
′ ′
△t t t x (t1 ) x (t2 ) △x
1 2 △t

2 4.5 2.5 -103 -34 69 34.5

1 4 3 86 56 30 30.0

.5 3.75 3.25 119 60 59 29.55

3 / 10
9977206478
 .1 3.55 3.45 78 64 14 29.52

.01 3.505 3.495 81 69 12 29.51

So, the value of △x

△t
trends to come close to the value of 29.5 when we reduce △t to very small around 3.5
Therefore, instantaneous value of velocity of 3.5 will be 29.5 m/s. The value of x(t1) and x(t2) have been abtained from the given
graph.
18. Relative speed of cars = 27 + 18 = 45 Km/hr
Time taken by each car to meet each other,
distatance between cars 36Km 36 4 4
t = = = = ⇒ t = hours
relative speed of cars (27+18)Km/hr 45 5 5

∴ Distance covered by the bird in 4

5
hours = 36 ×
4

5
= 28.8km

19. Here u = 0, t = 25 s,
v = 180 kmh-1 = 180 × 5

18
= 50 ms-1

78
Acceleration,
= 2 ms-2
v−u 50−0
a= t
=
25

at2 = 0 × 25 2 × (25)2 = 625 m

1 1
Distance, s = ut + ×

64
2 2

20. For the downward motion of the ball. Suppose the ball falls from height h1 and strikes the floor with velocity v1.
Then m = 0, v = v1 a = + g, s = h1

20
As v2 - u2 = 2as
−−−−
∴ v − 0
2
1
= 2 gh1 or v1 = √2gh
2
1

For upward motion of the ball. Suppose the ball gets rebounded from the floor with velocity v2 and rises to height hr.
Then u = v2, v = 0, a = - g, s = h2

As v2 - u2 = 2as
77
−−−−
2
= 2 × (-g) h2 or v2 = √2gh
:99
2
∴ 0 − v 2
2

Average acceleration,
v2 − (− v1 )
a= Δv

Δt
=
Δt

v2 + v1 √2gh2 + √2gh1

=
PT

=
Δt Δt

But h1 = 4m, h2 = 3m, Δt = 0.01 s, g = 9.8 ms-2

= 1652 ms-2
√2 × 9.8 × 3 + √2 × 9.8 × 4
∴ a=
0.01
E
NC

21.
CO

Let the speeds of the two balls (1 and 2) be v1 and v2 where:

if v1 = 2v , v2 = v
if y1 and y2 and the displacement covered by the balls 1 and 2, respectively, before coming to rest, then
2 2
v 2 v 2
1 4v 2 v
y1 = = and y2 = =
2g 2g 2g 2g

since, y1 - y2 = 15 m
2 2 2
4v v 3v
− = 15m ⇒ = 15m
2g 2g 2g
−−−−−−−−−− −
or, v 2
= √5m × (2 × 10)m/s
2

or, v = 10 m/s
Clearly, v1 = 20 m/s and v2 = 10 m/s
2 2
v (20m)
as y 1 =
2g
1
=
2×10m
= 20m

y2 = y1 - 15 m = 5 m

4 / 10
9977206478
 if t2 is the time taken by the ball 2 to cover a displacement of 5 m, then from
1 2
y2 = v2 t − gt
2 2

2 2
5 = 10t2 − 5t or t − 2t2 + 1 = 0
2 2

Where, t2 = 1s
Since t1 (time taken by ball 1 to cover the distance of 20 m) is 2s, time interval between the two throws
= t1 - t2 = 2s - 1s = 1s
22. For the first stone, Initial velocity is given by, u1 = 15 m/s

and Acceleration is, a = -10 m/s2

Now, using the second equation of motion, we get
x1 = x0 + u1t + ( )at 1

Here x0 = 200 m is the height of the cliff.

8
Therefore, x1 = 200 + 15 t = 5t2 ...(i)

47
When stone hits the ground, x1 = 0

∴ -5t2 + 15t + 200 = 0

⇒ t2 - 3t - 40 = 0

06
⇒ t2 - 8t + 5t - 40 = 0
⇒ t(t - 8) + 5(t - 8) = 0
i.e., t = 8 s or t = -5 s

72
t cannot be negative as the stone is projected at a certain time.
Therefore, t = 8 sec
For second stone, Initial velocity is given by, u2 = 30 m/s
97
and Acceleration is, a = -g = -10 m/s2
Now, using the second equation of motion, we get
T:9

x2 = x0 + x2t + ( )at2 1

= 200 + 30t - 5t2...(ii)

When stone hits the ground, x2 = 0

So, -5t2 + 30t + 200 = 0

EP

⇒ t2 - 6t - 40 = 0
⇒ t2 - 10t + 4t + 40 = 0
⇒ t(t - 10) + 4(t - 10) = 0
NC

⇒ t(t - 10)(t + 10) = 0

⇒ t = 10s ot t = -4 s

t cannot be negative again.

∴ t = 10 s
CO

On subtracting equations (i) and (ii), we have

x2 - x1 = (200 + 30t - 5t2)-(200 + 15t - 5t2)
x2 - x1 = 15t....(iii)
Equation (iii) represents the linear path of both stones.
Due to this linear relation between (x2 - x1) and t, the path remains a straight line till 8s.
At t = 8 sec, stones are separated by a maximum distance. hence,
(​​x2 - x​1​ )max = 15 × 8 = 120 m
this is in accordance with the given graph.
After 8s, only second stone is in motion whose variation with times is given by the quadratic equation:
x2 - x​1​ = 200 + 30t = 5t2
Therefore, the equation of the linear path is given by:
x2 - x​1​ = 15t,

5 / 10
9977206478
 and the equation of curved path is given by:
​x2 - x​1​ = 200 + 30t - 5t2
Section C
23.
(b) 2b2

Explanation: x = b0 + b1t + b2t2

v= dx

dt
= b1 + 2b2t
a= dv

dt
= 2b2

24.
(d) 12 ms-1
Explanation: s = 12t + 3t2 - 2t2

78
v= ds

dt
= 12 + 6t - 6t2
At t = 0, v = 12 ms-1

64
25.
(c) 2 : 1
Explanation: Magnitude of slope of distance-time graph gives the speed of the particle.

20
Slope of line AB, m1 = =
BO

AO
x

Thus speed in first two seconds, v1 ​= ∣m1∣ = x

−BO −x
Slope of line BC, m2 = CO
=
4 77
Thus speed in first two seconds, v2 ​= ∣m2∣ =
x

4
x

v1
Thus ratio of speed =
2
=
2
:99
v2 x
1
4

26.
(c) 20 m
Explanation: u1 = 40 m/s, u2 = 20 m/s
PT

a1 = -4 m/s2, a2 = - m/s2
10

4
E

Let s1, s2 be the distance travelled by train I and train II before halting.
2 2
−u −u
1
; s2 = 2
NC

∴ s1 =
2a1 2a2

s1 = 1600

8
= 200 m
s2 = 400

5
= 80 m
∴ Separation between the trains when both have stopped is,
CO

s - s1 - s2 = 300 - 200 - 80 = 20 m

27. (a) 13 sec

g
Explanation: snth = u = 2
(2 n - 1)
For a freely falling body, u = 0
g
∴ snth = u = (2n - 1) 2

Distance travelled in first 5 s,

25
s = ut + g t = 0 + g(5) =
1

2
2 1

2
2

2
g

Given snth = s
8 25
or 2
(2n − 1) =
2
g

or n = 13 s
28. according to the question
−
t = √x − 3 , therefore

−
√x = t + 3 ,

6 / 10
9977206478
 squaring both sides we get
x = (t + 3)2
d(t+3) ²
Now velocity of a particle is given by υ = dx

dt
=
dt
= 2(t + 3)

i. For t = 3 sec υ = 2(3 + 3) = 12m/s

ii. For t = 6 sec , υ = 2(6 + 3) = 18m/s
29. The displacement-time graph for uniformly accelerated motion is shown below. The graph is parabolic in shape.

8
30. i. Displacement in first three seconds = Area of △OAB

47
= (OB) × (OA) = (3) × (+30) = +45 m
1

2
1

ii. Acceleration = Slope of v - t graph

As, v - t graph is a straight line. So, consider the slope of line AB,

06
= -10 m/s2
y2 − y1 0−30
∴ Slope of line AB = x2 − x1
= 3

So, the acceleration is negative.

31. Let a particle be just dropped from the top of a tower of height h. Then its initial velocity u = 0 and acceleration a = acceleration

72
due to gravity that is 'g'. If in time t, the vertical distance through which the particle falls is y, then the three equations of motion
may be written as:
i. v = u + at = gt ( because u = 0)
97
1 1
ii. S = ut + 2
at = 2

2
gt
2

iii. v2 - u2 = 2as = 2gy or v2 = 2gy ( because u = 0)

T:9

32. From the definition of average acceleration, we have

dv
a= ⇒ dv = adt
dt

Integrating on both sides and taking the limit for velocity u to v and for time 0 to t, we get
v t t
∫
u
dv = ∫
0
adt = a ∫
0
dt = a[t]
t
0
[a is constant]
EP

v - u = at
v = u + at .....................(i)
Now, from the definition of velocity, we have
dx
v = ⇒ dx = vdt
NC

dt

Integrating on both sides and taking the limit for displacement x0 to x and for time 0 to t, we get
2 t
x t t t t
∫ dx = ∫ vdt = ∫ (u + at)dt = v0 [t] + a[ ]
x0 0 0 0 2
0

at2
1
x - x0 = ut +
CO

x = x0 + ut + 1

2
at2 ..........................(ii)
Now, we can write
a=
dv

dt
=
dv

dx
dx

dt
= v
dx
dv
or vdv = adx
Integrating on both sides and taking the limit for velocity u to v and for displacement x0 to x, we get
2 2
v x v −u
∫
u
vdv = ∫
x0
adx ; 2
= a (x − x0 )

v2 = u2 + 2a(x - x0) ........................(iii)

Equations (i), (ii) and (iii) are the required equations of motion.

7 / 10
9977206478
33.

The velocity-time graph for uniformly accelerated motion has been shown in the figure with the initial velocity at t = 0 as u and
final velocity at time t as v. Then magnitude of the total displacement in the given time is equal to the area under the v-t graph .
Hence, displacement of moving a particle in time t is given by:
s = area of trapezium OABC
= (OA + C B) × OC
1

8
2

= 1

2
(u + v) × t ..............................................................................(i)

47
However, from the definition of acceleration, we know that
v−u v−u
a= or t =
t a

Substituting this value of time t in equation (i), we get Displacement

06
2 2
(v−u) (v − u )
s= 1

2
(u + v) ×
a
= 2a

⇒2as = v2 - u2 or v2 = u2 + 2as
34. Here, t = √−x − 3

72
−
√x = t + 3

x = (t + 3)2
dx
i. v =
97
= 2(t + 3)
dt

At t = 3 s, v = 2(3 + 3) = 12m/s
ii. At t = 6 s, v = 2(6 + 3) = 18m/s
T:9

35. We draw the graph as

EP
NC

Average acceleration, aav = slope of line AB = BE

AE

BE = △v = v2 - v1 = 20 - 10 = 10 m/s
AE = △t = t2 - t1 = 8 - 4 = 4 s
CO

∴ aav =
10

4
= 2.5 m/s2
36. For upstream motion of launch:
Relative velocity = 7 - 3 = 4 ms-1
Distance moved = 4.2 km = 4200 m
Time taken, t. = = 1050 s
4200

For downstream motion of launch:

Distance moved downstream by float in 1050 s = 3 × 1050 = 3150 m
Distance between float and launch turned about = 4200 + 3150 = 7350 m
This distance is to be covered by launch with its own velocity (7 ms-1) because stream velocity is being shared by both.
∴ Time taken, t2 = = 1050 s 7350

Total time taken, t = t1 + t2 = 1050 + 1050 = 2100 s = 35 min

37. The given equation is x = t3 - 6t2 - 15t + 40

dx 2
∴ υ= = (3t − 12t − 15) m/s
dt

8 / 10
9977206478
 and a = dv

dt
= (6t − 12)m/s
2

i) Since , v = 0
3t2 - 12t - 15 = 0
3t2 - 15t + 3t - 15 = 0
3t(t - 5) + 3(t - 5) = 0
(3t + 3)(t - 5) = 0
Either t = -1 or t = 5
Time cannot be negative
∴ t = 5 seconds.

ii) Position at t = 5 s
x = (5)3 - 6(5)2 - 15(5) + 40
x = - 60m

8
At t = 0 s,
x = (0)3 - 6x(0)2 - 15x0 + 40 = 40 m

47
The displacement between t = 0 sec to t = 5 sec is given by:
S = Final Position ( x5 ) - Initial Position ( x0 )

06
where x5 = - 60m and x0 = 40m
s = - 60 - 40
s = -100 m

72
iii) Acceleration at t = 5s
a = 6t - 12
a = 6(5) - 12
97
a = (30 - 12)
a = 18 m/s2
38. The acceleration -time graph is
T:9
EP

The area enclosed between a-t curve gives change in velocity for the corresponding interval.
At t = 0, v = 0, hence final velocity at t = 3 s will increase to 6 m/s. In next 3 s, the velocity will decrease to zero. Thus, the
velocity-time graph is
NC
CO

39. i. B is ahead of A by the distance OP = 100 km, when the motion starts.
= 25 kmh-1
QR 150 − 100
ii. Speed of B = PR
=
2 − 0

iii. Since the two graphs intersect at point Q, so A will catch B after 2 hours and at a distance of 150 km from the origin.
= 75 kmh-1
QS 150 − 0
iv. Speed of A = OS
=
2 − 0

∴ Difference in speeds = 75 - 25 = 50 kmh-1

Section D
40.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Path length is always greater than or equal to the magnitude of displacement. Time taken being the same, the
speed is also greater than or equal to the magnitude of the corresponding velocity.
Hence the assertion and reason both are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion.

9 / 10
9977206478
41. (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation: If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
42.
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
Explanation: An object is said to be in uniform motion if it undergoes equal displacement in equal intervals of time.
s1 + s2 + s3 +……….
∴ Vav. =
t1 + t2 + t3 +………..

s+s+s………. ns
= =
t+t+t+……… nt
s
and V ins. =
t

Thus, in uniform motion, average and instantaneous velocities have same value.
43. (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation: If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
44.

8
(c) A is true but R is false.

47
Explanation: When the velocity of a particle thrown upward becomes zero then it cannot move further which means it has
reached its uppermost point. So, the assertion is true.
But, then also acceleration due to gravity is acting on it in the downward direction. Hence the reason is false.

06
45. (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation: If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
46.

72
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The negative slope of the position-time graph represents that the body is moving towards the negative direction
and if the slope of the graph decrease with time then it represents the decrease in speed i.e. retardation in motion.
97
47.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: A negative acceleration of a body is the rate of decrease of velocity, i.e. if a body is slowing down then it has
T:9

negative acceleration which is called retardation when final velocity is smaller than initial velocity of body.
48.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Explanation: If both assertion and reason are false.
EP

49. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
50.
NC

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: A body having negative acceleration can be associated with speeding up, if object moves along negative X-
direction with increasing speed.
CO

10 / 10
9977206478