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COMPUTER

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Ranuel Pador
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31 views4 pages

COMPUTER

Uploaded by

Ranuel Pador
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer System

What is Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a set of
instructions called a program. It can perform a wide range of tasks, from
simple arithmetic operations to complex simulations. Computers typically
consist of two main components; the hardware and software.
Three main stages on how a computer works
A computer operates in three main stages: input, processing, and output.
Here’s how each stage works:
Input: The computer receives data and instructions from input devices like a
keyboard, mouse, microphone, or sensor. This data can be user commands,
text, images, or any other form of information.
Processing: The computer's central processing unit (CPU) interprets and
executes instructions based on the input. During this stage, the data is
processed, calculations are performed, and logical operations are executed.
The processing stage often involves the use of memory (RAM) to temporarily
store and manipulate data.
Output: After processing, the computer delivers the result of the processed
data through output devices like a monitor, printer, or speakers. This can be
in the form of displayed information, printed documents, or even sound.
input process output (ipo) diagram
computer system main constituents
In a computer system, hardware and software are two essential components
that work together to perform tasks and operations.
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you
can touch and see. These are the tangible parts responsible for executing
tasks, processing data, and storing information.
Software refers to the programs and instructions that run on the hardware,
enabling the computer to perform specific tasks. Software is intangible and
acts as an intermediary between the user and the hardware.

types of software
System Software: Manages hardware and provides a platform for other
software to run. Examples: Operating systems (OS) like Windows, macOS,
Linux.
Application Software: Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks.
Examples: Word processors (e.g., Microsoft Word), web browsers (e.g.,
Google Chrome), games, media players.
Utility Software: Helps in managing, analyzing, and maintaining the
performance of a computer. Examples: Antivirus programs, file management
tools, disk cleanup utilities.
characteristics of computer
Computers have several defining characteristics that make them powerful
and versatile tools for processing information. Here are the key
characteristics of a computer:
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Automation
4. Storage Capacity
5. Versatility
6. Diligence
7. Programmability
8. Communication
9. Multitasking
10. Reliability
11. No Intelligence or Decision-Making Ability

These characteristics make computers essential tools for a wide range of


applications in business, science, education, and entertainment.
Types of comptuer
Supercomputer Definition: Supercomputers are the most powerful and
fastest computers, designed to handle extremely complex calculations and
tasks that require immense computational power. Uses: Scientific
simulations, weather forecasting, quantum mechanics, nuclear research,
large-scale data processing, and space exploration.
Mainframe Computer Definition: Mainframes are large and powerful
computers that are primarily used by large organizations for critical
applications, bulk data processing, and managing large databases. Uses:
Banking, insurance, government institutions, enterprise resource planning,
and transaction processing.
Minicomputer (Midrange Computer) Definition: Minicomputers, also
known as midrange computers, are smaller than mainframes and
supercomputers but more powerful than personal computers. They are
designed for tasks that require moderate computing power. Uses: Used in
industries, universities, and small businesses for tasks such as scientific
calculations, industrial control, and database management.
Microcomputer (Personal Computer) Definition: Microcomputers are
the most common type of computers, designed for individual use. They
include desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Uses:
General-purpose computing such as word processing, internet browsing,
gaming, and multimedia consumption.
Workstation Definition: Workstations are high-performance
microcomputers designed for technical or scientific applications that require
more processing power and graphics capabilities than standard personal
computers. Uses: 3D graphics rendering, video editing, computer-aided
design (CAD), software development, and scientific simulations. Examples:
Dell Precision, HP Z series, Apple
Embedded Systems Definition: Embedded systems are small computers
embedded within other devices to perform specific control functions. Uses:
Found in devices like microwave ovens, washing machines, medical devices,
cars, and industrial machines.

Supercomputers: Largest and most powerful for scientific research.


Mainframe Computers: Large systems for massive data processing.
Minicomputers: Mid-sized, multi-user systems for specific tasks.
Microcomputers: Personal and general-purpose computers.
Workstations: High-performance computers for professional use.
Embedded Systems: Small computers designed for specific tasks inside
devices.

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