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Objectives

 On completion of this course, you will have an understanding of:

 IoT development history
 Basic IoT concepts
 Layers of the IoT architecture

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Contents

1. IoT Development History

2. IoT Overview and Architecture

3. Huawei IoT Solution

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Origin of the IoT

 Trojan Room coffee pot in 1991: At the Trojan Room
of the Computer Laboratory in Cambridge
University, scientists went downstairs to see if the
coffee was cooked, but often returned empty-
handed.
 To solve this problem, they wrote a set of programs
and installed a portable camera next to the coffee
pot. The camera was aimed at the coffee pot.
Computer image capture technology was used to
check at any time whether the coffee was cooked,
eliminating the need to go up and down the stairs.

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Development of the IoT

Speech on "Sensing China"

• China's former Premier Wen
The Road Ahead Jiabao in Wuxi
by Bill Gates
Made in China 2025
Reference of the IoT concept • Manufacturing
• ITU at World Summit on policies proposed by
Origin the Information Society Chinese Premier Li
Industry 4.0 Keqiang
• Trojan Room
coffee pot • German
• Coke vending First IoT concept government at
machine • Auto-ID Labs Hannover Messe

1991 1995 1999 2005 2009 2013 2015

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IoT Key Events: Evolution of NB-IoT Standards

 The standards of the narrowband cellular IoT (NB-IoT) communications technology NB-IoT were
officially initiated in September 2015, and the core standards were frozen in June 2016.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2020

Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-16
Standards frozen Enhanced ... Continuous
NB- M2M NB-CIoT NB-IoT features evolution

NB-IoT Convergence of Deep coverage Site location Use of NB-IoT in 5G mMTC

for LPWA NB-OFDM and NB- 10 years battery Higher rate application scenarios.
scenarios LTE lifespan Multicast
Ultra-large capacity services

After two convergences, NB-M2M evolved to NB-IoT.

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IoT Key Events: Commercial Use of 5G

 On October 31, 2019, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom jointly announced the
launch of 5G commercial services and released corresponding packages at the opening ceremony
of the China International Information Communication Technology Exhibition. 5G will bring
diversified and comprehensive benefits to IoT, and will also promote new solutions and industry
chains.

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IoT Key Events: SoftBank's Acquisition of Arm

 On July 18, 2016, Japan’s SoftBank and the UK’s Arm announced that they had reached an
agreement. SoftBank acquired Arm at GBP 24.3 billion (CNY 202.8 billion, JPY 3.3 trillion).

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Development Status of the IoT Industry: Consumption-

Driven
 Consumer IoT is directly applied to consumers' IoT
products and services. Consumer-related IoT
products and services include smart bands, VR and
AR glasses, body fat scales, smart locks, smart
speakers, shared bicycles and trams, and
automated driving vehicles. According to a report
released by MarketsandMarkets, the global
consumer IoT market scale in 2018 was $46.8
billion USD. It is expected to reach $104.4 billion
USD by 2023 with a compound annual growth rate
of 17.39% from 2018 to 2023.

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Development Status of the IoT Industry: Policy-Driven

 Policy-driven applications mainly cover city management scenarios, such as firefighting, security,
system integration, public utilities, lighting, and parking.

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Development Status of the IoT Industry: Industry-Driven

Track
Vehicle Vehicle
playback
control condition
check
Shared Geofence
vehicles IoT platform
(including big data
analysis) …

 Industry-driven applications are mainly oriented to business customers. Relevant industries include
smart industry, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), smart logistics, and smart agriculture.

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Penetration and Development of IoT in Industries

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Contents

1. IoT Development History

2. IoT Overview and Architecture

3. Huawei IoT Solution

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IoT Overview
 The concept of IoT was first proposed by MIT in 1999. The early IoT was a network based on RFID technology
and devices. It combined objects with the Internet using the agreed communication protocols to implement
intelligent identification and management of objects and realize interconnection and information sharing.
 IoT serves as a network that enables information sensing devices, such as QR code scanners, RFID, infrared
sensors, global positioning systems, and laser scanners, to connect any item with the Internet for information
exchange and communications based on agreed protocols. As such, IoT can facilitate intelligent identification,
location, tracking, monitoring, and management (ITU).
 IoT is an Internet where all things are interconnected. This sentence has two meanings. First, the core and
foundation of the IoT is still the Internet. IoT is an extended network based on the Internet. Second, the IoT
connects any thing at the user end for information exchange and communication (Baidu Baike).

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IoT: From Internet of People to Internet of Things

Internet of People Internet of Things

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Layers of the IoT

Petroleum and
Smart home IoV Transportation
electricity
Data presentation and
Application customer interaction
...

Storage, retrieval, use,

Cloud data center Device management
service planning, security,
Platform maintenance, and expenses
of data Operations platform Security maintenance

Access and transmission

Network network
GPRS/NB-IoT/ 4G IoT Gateways
(all Wireless) (All fixed)

Information collection Huawei LiteOS/Chipset/Module

Sensing and signal processing

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Contents

1. IoT Development History

2. IoT Overview and Architecture

3. Huawei IoT Solution

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Huawei 1+2+1 IoT Solution Architecture

Smart home Transportation Smart parking Smart metering

IoT Platform

2G/3G/4G/ Home gateway

NB-IoT/5G Industrial gateway

Huawei LiteOS/module

Huawei 1+2+1 IoT architecture

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Overall Architecture of HUAWEI CLOUD IoT Platform

Smart home IoV Smart metering Smart city More

Open

HUAWEI CLOUD IoT

platform Pre-integrated

Service Open APIs

Service
Rule engine Data analytics
enablement orchestration
O&M Cloud-based and service-
Connectivity SIM Device Connectivity Security and oriented
management management management management authentication

IoT Agent
Device Audio and video Access-independent
Authentication Data collection Messages and files
management calls

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NB-IoT: Connecting Device Fleets Using Cellular Networks

 NB-IoT end-to-end solution

Devices HTTP HTTP

HTTPS HTTPS
MCUs Vertical industry
MQTT applications
MQTT MQTTS
Modules MQTTS
CoAP
CoAPS
eNodeB IoT Packet Core IoT platform
Huawei LiteOS CoAP
running on SOAP
CoAPS RESTful
NB-IoT chipsets

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5G Architecture: One Network Supporting Hundreds of

Industries
UHD slice

Developers

Voice slice

Consumers
Real-time
NFV+SDN Telco OS
service slice
Partners
Unified control plane + Multi-
IoT service slice service user plane Carriers

QoS slices defined by industry Architecture based on cloud Operations based on Internet
requirements and big data architecture

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Industrial IoT Gateway

Agile AR
....
Industrial switching/Industrial
routing/Built-in computing

Complex protocol
Industrial-grade design Various interface support Local intelligence
adaptation

Shockproof/Waterproof/Dustpro
+ ZigBee/RF/Bluetooth/
+ CAN/Modbus/
IEC 62056/IEC 104 /more
+ Local computing and
of/Anti-electromagnetic RS-485/RS-232/DI/DO/more storage

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Fully Open Smart ONT

Remote control using Distance Intelligent services

smartphones education Telemedicine
FBB, MBB, and digital home services
Household Home
Smart home in one bill
monitoring entertainment

Smart connectivity
Intelligent services Service
enablement 1 Gbit/s full Wi-Fi coverage home
Smart home
Intelligent connection solution
ONT Third-party
apps
Intelligent O&M

 Mass market: Wi-Fi coverage, security, energy management, and

digital home Intelligent O&M
 Entry control point: The ONT, as the entry point to homes, becomes Self-service troubleshooting and remote
a value control point. test and diagnosis
 Digital home is coming: AT&T and PCCW launched smart home
security services.

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Lightweight, Intelligent Huawei LiteOS

 LiteOS features low power consumption,
small size, and quick response. In
addition, LiteOS has established an open
source community to support chipsets
such as the HiSilicon PLC chipset
HCT3911, media chipset 3798M and
3798C, IP camera chipset Hi3516A, and
Huawei LTE-M chipset.
Lightweight LiteOS Intelligence

[Intelligent sensing]
 Delay reduction
[KB-level kernel]
 Accuracy
Open APIs improvement
[Milliwatt-level power
framework

[Intelligent connection]
Security

Sensor
consumption] Connectivity Runtime engine
framework  Support for short-distance and
[Microsecond-level Kernel long-distance protocols
response]  Automatic networking
Shorter time-to-market for devices
[Intelligent application]
 Support for connection and device management by industrial  Chip-level application virtual
protocol stacks
machine
 Support for Huawei and third-party platforms
 Supports HiSilicon and third-party chipsets

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Quiz

1. (T or F) IoT is an Internet where all things are interconnected. This sentence has three
meanings.

2. (Multiple-choice) Which of the following belong to the hierarchical architecture of IoT?

A. Sensing Layer

B. Network Layer

C. Platform Layer

D. Application Layer

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