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Chapter 1 - EDA

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6 views4 pages

Chapter 1 - EDA

Uploaded by

Jatniel Manalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Manalo, Jatniel M.

Engineering Data Analysis


23-08439 MATH 403

CHAPTER TEST 1

1. Explain the different methods of how you can obtain data.

Data are collected specifically to meet the needs of a research or study. Different methods are used in
collecting data. One of them is the review of existing data. Data are collected through existing sources such as
books, articles, periodicals, abstracts, etc. These sources are important because they provide readily available
information that can be analyzed to fit into the report or study to be undertaken. The researcher may have no
time and money to go in for fresh primary data collection; hence this is a time-saving method. Also, the
researcher may like to refer to using surveys to collect data by asking people a series of questions, either
through questionnaires or interviews. To work previously done on related or similar problems under
investigation in order to compare facts emerging from this present work with those made by others and see how
close they could be.

Next, experiments involve manipulating (one of the) variables in a controlled setting to see what will
happen. You can find this approach in many scientific disciplines. It is very accurate, however often not (easily)
applicable in the real world because of the fact that you set certain conditions and other distinguishing factors
equal for all cases. The method can become quite sterile. Another way of gathering data is using existing
records like administrative or financial records, legal registrations, etc. This will give you good indicators of
changes in time. However, usually, such dates are partial, outdated, or simply too sensitive to be used for
research purposes. Other ways of gathering data are making tests or exams for students or employees. These
are reasonable measures if you’d like to have a better impression of someone’s knowledge base/skill set or
performance. Some standardized laboratory tests also assume themselves as reliable ways of measuring certain
types of things (e.g., intelligence). But still, people might lie on purpose or perform more poorly under pressure
due to worries thus influencing the reliability/accuracy of such measurements (since they are influenced by
external factors). Then you also have various sorts of self-completion inventories usually based on
observations researchers make when there is no hard data available; and/or sensors and various sorts of
geospatial tooling (like e.g., GPS-data). These last three measurement procedures give me other than standard
lab tests - high measurement error but are particularly useful in environmental and technical-oriented studies.

Overall, the choice of data collection method is a complex process that depends on the research context.
Each method has its advantages and also limitations so that the most appropriate data collection method
provides relevant, accurate, and meaningful data for analysis.

2. Conducting a survey to show which extracurricular activities the students from the College of
Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts would like to engage in during the first semester. Follow the
presented steps in conducting a survey.

1. Determine the objectives of your study: What questions do you want to answer?
In conducting the survey, the question that I want to answer is which extracurricular activities the
students from the College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts would like to engage in during the
first semester.

2. Identify the target population sample: Whom will you interview? Who will be the respondents?
In the said task, we were asked to survey the students from the College of Engineering,
Architecture, and Fine Arts. Therefore, they will serve as the respondents of the survey.

3. Choose an Interviewing method: face-to-face/phone interview, or internet survey.


In this case, I choose to disseminate my survey using an Internet survey (Google Forms) for
easier access and data gathering.

4. Decide what questions you will ask in what order, and how to phrase them.
The questions in my survey are direct to the point with some of them being about the
respondent’s profile.
5. Conduct the Survey and collect the Information.
I disseminated my survey using the Messenger app for easy access and sent it to group chats
where I could reach my target respondents.

6. Analyzing the results by making graphs and drawing conclusions.


By using Google Forms, gathering data and analyzing becomes much easier. This is because of
its feature where you can see the updated data gathered in your survey and automatically make it into a
graph. In my case, out of 20 respondents, seven (7) students or 35% of the whole population sample
chose Gaming as the extracurricular activity they would like to engage in during the first semester. Next,
four (5) students, or 25% of the whole population sample answered Sports and Fitness. Next, four (4)
students, or 20% of the whole population sample answered Music and Dance. And lastly, two (2)
students chose Arts and Crafts, and two (2) students chose Academics, both having and contributing
10% to the total population sample.
3. To conduct an experiment using the catapult device, aimed at determining the factors affecting the
distance traveled by the ball, I would follow a structured approach guided by the stages of planning and
conducting a design of experiments (DOE).
● Planning
In planning, I have a steady aim: to articulate the exact purpose of the experiment. The
exercise being carried out here would be to determine the factors that are important for the
distance traveled by the ball and set things right so as to measure values of 25,50,75 & 100
inches. So, the response variable in this case will be how long it took the ball to get from one arm
of my bag launcher to another. The things that will change are the band height, start angle, how
many rubber bands we use (1 or 2), length of arm, and stop angle. That value for each of these
factors will have a range to test. I will also determine the number of trials per setting to ensure
statistical significance and maintain consistency in environmental conditions as best possible so
that other variables remain constant or unchanged.
● Screening
In my screenings, I try to find out which factors have the biggest effect on distance. For
that, I will use a fractional factorial design to reduce the number of combinations we still can
validate some main effects. This requires that you mix everything infinitely high and low, for
example, use 1 rubber band then so on to 2, etc., with variations of starting angle, band height
different arm lengths. I will use the results to analyze which factors significantly affect distance
and rule out any factor that has no critical influence.
● Optimization
After identifying the key factors, next is optimization. The next step is to conduct a more
focused experimental design (RSM, full factorial) to determine the specific factors observed
during screening. You are going to want the exact level where 25, 50,75, and 100 became those
distances. For each target distance, I will be testing (1) the bandwidth to height ratio, (2) edge or
loop start angle and their transmissions via the number of rubber bands at different angles; arm
length changes including horizontal resistance analysis based on stop angle. This level is where
the specifics of data collection and analysis are done to draw out certain relationships between
factors as well as responses.
● Robustness Testing
With the robustness testing, I want to guarantee that the chosen settings aren't too prone
to small changes in between factors. I will do more experiments with slight differences in the
above factors to be sure of consistent results. For example, I will change the starting angle or
band height a bit and see if that keeps my distance close to where it wants to be. This step is
necessary to make sure the system will run accurately in different conditions and be not really
affected by small changes in details.
● Verification
And, in the verification stage, I will verify that I can see all these distance specifications
exactly at their 25,50 etc., inches. I will do multiple tests with the optimized settings attached to
verify that my catapult throws consistently from what I am looking for. That way if the results
are consistent and achieve single beam timing I will be done with this experiment. If differences
are seen, changes may need to be made ensuring the settings can perform accurate and repeatable
results for any discrepancies.

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