menbrae, Memiyone

swFe
owes
aof
mulel
sm
Cybqla
cosma lipid
Phsphá
nuceas
jnts
compone
tensic,
(ex
proBein
Gyco
Yotypualein Lngicle
Aloye)
Ceg
membrame
embxane
m chondial
cellulas
madel,
GUgpsaccmrte
Tracmnbrae
Puolan
mito ipztGyco Prokins
for]
model
membrone Chaisne
The
Aud this
to
mosaic.
prolein
hosphalipids dderterel
Coier
st
Auconding Choles
teso
chloropla
 tails molecules
sbstances low
allous
hydrophobic he
Eh
,ahich
watea
at
soluble in
Auid
haadhigh
lenpaaol
malacules
alla)S_
Hhich he gesmealale
uate farj
os also
Anm whahà phospholipic
Smostsbulpreuents brllk
bilayer ti MALHnlza
IA soft
at
aods tt. toe
thuoush he taning
of ot panlially
korm blu
foce cI.
in be
he phalipic? ameraarane
topas membraneham
in K memnbra presen much
by Nat
asangecphos subtamces menarane
it ane ton
>
ions the the
of molecules to
ae
Phosphalipicd make Hhrough to
hed ohaa luidiky Rutddhy be empaataL
soulhle
Phosphcalipid
phylioach Fancons: Chelestesot :Funckon
pass bihyo
Hhyda SGue Gves Reuak
face fals h
 Zan,
-Eranne
rane
across) photes menb
cchaio erakins/Tona
the
havel across
sa transueae(
nalprokeins
Intea
Exteanalprolkins aioga lons
ollayes, Channel
the
Inesgalprokins
eJnhinsic of
to to proleih,which enk
Exhensic
Peripheacal
proleins atach
Phobphekptd bondeo brane ypes: movenDsiksion
i
.bilaya gets mem
falluungin talél
of Hypes sizeolprokins
pr dtansimemlarane poa fact
sea phospholidProkeia he taheby
bilayes
he
phosphuliptd
of
athe hu
to oe
o bitrinsic
Externad
Prokins: Smalls
of sonm
Glyco
proBin stabilik Trleanal
prokins
ns floaing Prokins
cle called
as layes
he
Tathinstc
ase Funcion
- as
oSme Proside
Present hcse Qukea Called These
 an onisdef
|Casries Prlein i hee prolein pica up ian_molerule
he menbrone realease hem on othe Side

tahe pat nfacktated d:tlsion ocive boniport

3. |Pereptor Drokins ; hesL proleins kanc kion os ReeepBor[or] Binding Sitefor

ohenic al and hormoneS,

4 enbrahe -Bound Gnzune: hose înhinsic Prclein kunction Q azyet but

mambrane
do not cone st cl he cell or cell

kg: iqeskue inynaes ike lacae,malase etc

Q membhrang band enzynte

>Bracepto Prckeia Jake peet in (ell Signallag

sa Anigors help in ClL egn recagnition{o be cetogni Yedl 0s Sef or Non Sel!

|Glyoprakins Ale proleins which Qle atach to aligesacchasides

lGycopraleins can be Lnheainsic [o ExheinsiC

Funchens

Can prouide Slabilily to He menabolae

They tan uncHon s Recep fors or chemi cas hornones ote

Someknesencon as Aniga.
 |Glycolipids Qse phos pha lipida odached to cligosachaides
Funchon Some aimlaaos qlqea prckias
2Gyopids Glyco prokeins 0e aluaus present on the sutes susface
of the coll medbrcnes

Why is he aAme model calkd astuid mosaic Model ?

Ans hos,pholipids Chbles tead aaue tt to the mebrane.

Proleins loat in he sea of Phospholipid Qandl qiue a mosaic appeAAm(l
hence aenae

0 Hormone lehenu cal/irst mes$enge

Inactve SS
Adenylyl.cyclase

G-Proléin AT
meSsenges)
GDP+P: &igualinsastade
Medabalic change GTe wilth dapllialion
Secreton
J. Transaiphon
3. Mauement
4 Hetabolic chenge Enume whick
Manophas,phale brngs mekabole
SA MP ’ cuclic Adenosine.
 signaling is qulting o message trom ptace to ana theu

Cell menbeane ts aoikcal componenk ia most signalliag phas

becouso Rt is bannier to Hhe mDLeMEnt of aclecuks QCYOSS Hhe membrane

Signaliag moleruka canna t -pass araugh he cell menbrane -

Asianallàaa, moleale Siode to a apeoilte recepBor on he coll

m@morane

he siqnallag moleoule is coalled as he Fiest Hessanger

ane to Mae receptor induce
Birding of hormane a change in he
shape of Hhe recepor hich now biads to Amoher prokin in Yhe
oyto pasm called,'G-Prolein'
Now G- prolein is aciuated by GIP Çheate,his prolein called Gepin
AckvakedG-pralein now binds toa iMembrane -Bund Ina câve Enam
called Adenulyl Gydase and acËualea og it.
The actvoled Cnzyme coeaks ATP into CAMP ftyclic
Adenosin&
Hono Phasphate
lcAMP ia he secand mesengedt is
Sqreoda apidly in the ayto plasm Simal,hiajala solulale e

The second inesseng riggess Locascade of eenbs )

siqnalling caSc
Qmpl Rkcaion o n4me a each slen
 specife lnne is sunthesized Lwhich brings about the
melalolic change
d melabolie change Can be in the form olii Secre kon
ii. Mouement
) Trams ceipior

iu)tayother meta bolic

chamge

Kighes conLenhalon ta aregion ot heir loe concenbaion doon he

Concentation qradient
The emet for ditkusioA pronided by randon mouement of partoles.

Concentraion lyotient
he ditterent e in cotenhation of patfles beheN 2places

Dthusoni6 aftected by castoia hchors as tollous -

tempexakae
-paic le&which hegia to moe fastea, which incaeQses
the ate of difusion

Steepnessof concenhalion qradient ie The More he drffesence in conenraton

of_gankces belueen kuo plaes
The steeya theMenthalon qradtentkaste the tate at
dithustan
35i2e of difhsiog mokculea& The Smalka be. sie Gf paakcles he
taslea the rale of difusion

4.Surfoce cnea ok difFusion: The lozgea ne sabce osea, he queaka is he

rote of dilkusion
Eq. Roct hoir, illi

s. Nakae o diffusing mateule : liguid solube sukskances ditkuse last hrough

Water solukbe mdecules can be hanspoied htcugla
channel proleins, Od Co can ditkese easily
hrough membranes.

Faciated cfaslen

hrolins

membrane
nside

AJpe of dilusica udhich tabkesglace

actoss ih the hela of son
channels
Apasstue rocess anddotk noh 2eque onexqu
 his upe of dfhusionpaakcles
to a seqioa of louw Concenhalion hrouqh tonophones

The ion channels 020 kned by hydrophullic sde chotn his hehs
B. moLement ot chalqed poridea

Costes prokins gtck uppaalkcks af aseqinn af high concenkakon Qnd

eleasehem on Hhe ahoA sice of the me mbrane to asegiaaof loges
Concentation

ATP

ADPt PT

membrome.

molecules krom aaa segion af heir loue

The mouitnment of ions or
Hon
Lonankalion to aregibn ok qhea conenhaton ogainsk concenha
Lqrndtent ih help of canicr prokins uking Qneaqu

Aminn ocos
acds obsarbed in h he bhco in the sad.
of Na ons hrom qolemcllo Aueate
Osmesis
mokcwes move from a reqion ot
wheewales
Spedal ype of dihusion concenhokion solukes )_to a aaion ot le
bigh ada poleala) (lessconcenhcl'on 8oufo)doun t, 0 pokahal
water polenal Chiqh meuahrahe
g:adienk Ahrough pasially penabk
Y
possesQd by free uak moleoule.
Water poBenial : The mean ree eneAy

|Puze a alas has marimum wales poterkal. aluways ze20

polenhal to more neqahue

Waler molecules from less negaive uaka
ale polenial

Jala poleakal denaedb psi

units inPascal boas
posiitve
=1baugmore neqchue

Sd.te polanial The decrenze in wab polental hen a Soute is

Qdded to pue wae a a souion
 CYTOSIS

These inuclue bulA tramsport On mass movernent of sabstances,

into &aut ot the cells These ae achue pricess &require nesgy

Exoeytosis i Sacaelkay vsiclas containing proletas or lprds

carbohdrates or waste produck move touwards the
cell Surface membranei mebged aith it and release
Jhe Conents outste he cell,ustag eneaqy

Endocytosis iVestcles containing matenials megecd urith he cal neanbrae

&releose heir contenks in to dhe col,using cnergy
"AAprocess. Sinilar to endocykosis involues bulk gkahe of
Liquida + his is called Pinocy tosis. cel drinking
pahagen is ehqulked by aphagpcyte,
forming a vesice caled Phagotyie esicle

Lymphacupathagns
Binds

Phaqocytosis is also called Cell Eaing

 decreose
is shou also ghich cube oa tompoaed be con Cols
cube. of si22 inciease
in nuih decenses ralko volume toohRa Surface
54:19 Ralio
54om
ube Volausneo33a3x Gx3x3 2
m 3
94:8 aio
94
c
2Cm
2x2
cube a Velne
of cube $.A
b:1 Raio=
Laheides Na.ahsdes
side Lo Lem
cube ota Volume ube aofS.A
m
AATEO Veme AREASuGoee
 Slsmosis IN Plcit Cells

Endo'ashesi ahen a planti cel is put in pDe aaka

mediam af highaài concenb-alton hen uote
moves nto the cel by Endo-0s mosis.

The cells Suwell up become tuagic

he contens of he cell oxenks a pressiae on the cel wall called

agor pressuse and equal and oppasite' pressual is Genhed by he
on he Conenk f he cal called wall Pressuse.

Ex0-98inosis " Uhen a plant cell is put in a medium

Gnda-osmcsis sh Same alks polenial as cel conkents
Endo osmosis Qs- well Ex-DS mgsis i take
place somne rate paLe.

These is no change in the opeasance of cell.

" Whea a plant cell in concenhatedl sol.

Exo 0sao &is ' wih Lower wates poknhial, then watea.
moUes out of the cell be Exo-osmosis
Qnd the cell lbecome Flacid.

/ Fudhea, Exo-osmosis. caSes acell to qet plasmaysed.

|ohen a cell qeks plas molysed, he el membrane moves aw ay from

Yhe cell eakng space bekoean he ell menerame cellnall
This space qets Kled upobich con eastly pas hraugh cell al
Osmosi s IN nimal cELLs

hed
1BlecdCells

meduümaf Lau medum of same medtumof high

or6ame cOnc or Lou Cone

Ayputoie Aypateric
Get crenaBed due No change Cell brusts
to exzoSmosis