Introduction

String manipulation is arguably one of the most common activities in computer programming.
String class has a variety of methods for string manipulation. We will discuss basic methods with
examples.

public char charAt(int index)

This method requires an integer argument that indicates the position of the character that the
method returns.This method returns the character located at the String's specified index.
Remember, String indexes are zero-based—for example,

String x = "airplane";
System.out.println( x.charAt(2) ); // output is 'r'

public String concat(String s)

This method returns a String with the value of the String passed in to the method appended to the
end of the String used to invoke the method—for example,

String x = "book";
System.out.println( x.concat(" author") ); // output is "book author"
The overloaded + and += operators perform functions similar to the concat()method—for
example,

String x = "library";
System.out.println( x + " card"); // output is "library card"
String x = "United";
x += " States"
System.out.println( x ); // output is "United States"

public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String s)

This method returns a boolean value (true or false) depending on whether the value of the String
in the argument is the same as the value of the String used to invoke the method. This method
will return true even when characters in the String objects being compared have differing cases
—for example,

String x = "Exit";
System.out.println( x.equalsIgnoreCase("EXIT")); // is "true"
System.out.println( x.equalsIgnoreCase("tixe")); // is "false"
public int length()

This method returns the length of the String used to invoke the method—for example,

String x = "01234567";
System.out.println( x.length() ); // returns "8"

public String replace(char old, char new)

This method returns a String whose value is that of the String used to invoke the method,
updated so that any occurrence of the char in the first argument is replaced by the char in the
second argument—for example,

String x = "oxoxoxox";
System.out.println( x.replace('x', 'X') ); // output is "oXoXoXoX"

public String substring(int begin)/ public String substring(int begin, int end)

The substring() method is used to return a part (or substring) of the String used to invoke the
method. The first argument represents the starting location (zero-based) of the substring. If the
call has only one argument, the substring returned will include the characters to the end of the
original String. If the call has two arguments, the substring returned will end with the character
located in the nth position of the original String where n is the second argument. Unfortunately,
the ending argument is not zero-based, so if the second argument is 7, the last character in the
returned String will be in the original String's 7 position, which is index 6. Let's look at some
examples:

String x = "0123456789"; // the value of each char is the same as its index!
System.out.println( x.substring(5) ); // output is "56789"
System.out.println( x.substring(5, 8)); // output is "567"

public String toLowerCase()

This method returns a String whose value is the String used to invoke the method, but with any
uppercase characters converted to lowercase—for example,

String x = "A New Java Book";

System.out.println( x.toLowerCase() ); // output is "a new java book"
public String toUpperCase()

This method returns a String whose value is the String used to invoke the method, but with any
lowercase characters converted touppercase—for example,

String x = "A New Java Book";

System.out.println( x.toUpperCase() ); // output is"A NEW JAVA BOOK"

public String trim()

This method returns a String whose value is the String used to invoke the method, but with any
leading or trailing blank spaces removed—for example,

String x = " hi ";

System.out.println( x + "x" ); // result is" hi x"
System.out.println(x.trim() + "x"); // result is "hix"

public char[ ] toCharArray( )

This method will produce an array of characters from characters of String object. For example

String s = “Java”;
Char [] arrayChar = s.toCharArray(); //this will produce array of size 4

public boolean contains(“searchString”)

This method returns true of target String is containing search String provided in the argument.
For example-

String x = “Java is programming language”;

System.out.println(x.contains(“Amit”)); // This will print false
System.out.println(x.contains(“Java”)); // This will print true
DEMO PROGRAM :

public class StringMethodsDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String targetString = "Java is fun to learn";

String s1= "JAVA";

String s2= "Java";

String s3 = " Hello Java ";

System.out.println("Char at index 2(third position): " + targetString.charAt(2));

System.out.println("After Concat: "+ targetString.concat("-Enjoy-"));

System.out.println("Checking equals ignoring case: " +s2.equalsIgnoreCase(s1));

System.out.println("Checking equals with case: " +s2.equals(s1));

System.out.println("Checking Length: "+ targetString.length());

System.out.println("Replace function: "+ targetString.replace("fun", "easy"));

System.out.println("SubString of targetString: "+ targetString.substring(8));

System.out.println("SubString of targetString: "+ targetString.substring(8, 12));

System.out.println("Converting to lower case: "+ targetString.toLowerCase());

System.out.println("Converting to upper case: "+ targetString.toUpperCase());

System.out.println("Triming string: " + s3.trim());

System.out.println("searching s1 in targetString: " + targetString.contains(s1));

System.out.println("searching s2 in targetString: " + targetString.contains(s2));

char [] charArray = s2.toCharArray();

System.out.println("Size of char array: " + charArray.length);

System.out.println("Printing last element of array: " + charArray[3]);

OUTPUT:
Char at index 2(third position): v

After Concat: Java is fun to learn-Enjoy-

Checking equals ignoring case: true

Checking equals with case: false

Checking length: 20

Replace function: Java is easy to learn

Substring of targetString: fun to learn

Substring of targetString: fun

Converting to lower case: java is fun to learn

Converting to upper case: JAVA IS FUN TO LEARN

Triming string: Hello java

Searching s1 in targetString: false

Searching s2 in targetString: true

Size of char array: 4

Printing last element of array: a

DEMO USING Using charAt() method:

public class Userinput

public static void main(String args[])

Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Enter your name:");

String name=s.next();

System.out.println("Enter your age");

int age=s.nextInt();

System.out.println("Enter your genger:");

char gender=s.next().charAt(0);

System.out.println("---------------");

System.out.println("Name : "+name);

System.out.println("Age :"+age);

System.out.println("Gender : "+gender);