MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

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WINTER– 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Basic Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: 22370
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. XXXXX
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the understanding
level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures drawn
by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.

Q. Sub
Marking
No Q.N Answer
Scheme
. .
Q.
Attempt any FIVE of the following. 10
1.
a) Define i) Machine ii) Mechanism 02
Ans i) Machine: - (1 mark for
: If input energy is supplied to any one of the link of the mechanism, to obtained desired each
work, then that is called as machine. definition)
For example: - I. C. Engine
OR
The device which converts available energy into useful work, that is called as Machine.
ii) Mechanism: -
When any one of the links in the kinematic chain is fixed, to achieve a desired motion then
that chain is known as mechanism.
For example: - I. C. engine mechanism
b) Define i) Lift ii) Trace Point 02
Ans i) Lift: - (1 mark for
: It is the maximum travel of the follower from its lowest position to the topmost position. each
ii) Trace Point: - definition)
It is a reference point on the follower and is used to generate the pitch curve.
c) List the material used for belt. 02
Ans Leather, cotton, fabric, rubber, balata etc.
:
d) State the Necessity of Balancing the Masses. 02
Ans If these parts are not properly balanced, the dynamic forces are set up. These forces not
: only increase the loads on bearings and stresses in the various members, but also produce
unpleasant and even dangerous vibrations.

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e) Define i) Inversion of Mechanism ii) Structure 02
Ans i) Inversion of Mechanism: - (1 mark each
: It is a method to obtained different mechanisms by fixing different links in kinematic chain; for
it is called as inversion of mechanism. definition)
ii) Structure: -
It is a rigid construction which carries forces only.
f) List any 4 applications of cam and follower 02
Ans Exhaust valves of internal combustion engines, automatic attachment of machineries, paper (1/2 mark
: cutting machines, spinning and weaving textile machineries, feed mechanism of automatic each for
lathes etc. any 4
application)
g) State the law of gearing
02
Ans Law of gearing states that, the common normal at the point of contact between a pair of
: teeth must always pass through the pitch point.
Q.
Attempt any THREE of the following. 12
2.
a) Recite the composition of element in wrought iron and state the properties of 04
Ans wrought iron. (1 Mark for
: Composition of wrought iron: composition
• Carbon- less than 0.08 % & 3 mark for
properties)
• Fe -2% by weight
Properties of wrought iron: -
• It is ductile
• It is malleable
• Good Corrosion Resistance
• Good machinability.
b) List the types of polymers and state the characteristics of the polymer. 04
Ans Types of polymers: - 2 Mark for
: Polymer are broadly classified into two group classification
• Thermoplastic Polymers & 2 mark for
characteristic
• Thermosetting Polymers s
Characteristics of polymers: -
• Plastics are light in weight.
• They are soft as compared metals.
• Plastic have very low tensile and compressive strengths.
• They are excellent heat and electrical insulation or insulators.
c) Classify gears. 04
Ans a) When Shafts are parallel
: • Spur gear
• Helical Gear
• Rack & Pinion
b) When two Shafts are intersecting
• Bevel Gear
c) When two Shafts are non-parallel & non- intersecting
• Worm & Worm Gear
d) Memorize the function of governor, state its application also. 04
Ans Function of governor: - (2 Mark for
: function & 2

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The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine, when there are mark for
variations in the load. applications
Application of governor: -
I. C. Engine, Turbine in power plant, Throttle valve etc.
Q.
Attempt any THREE of the following. 12
3.
a) Define constrained motion and describe its types. 04
Ans A kinematic chain may be defined as a combination of kinematic pairs, joined in such a (1 mark for
: way that each link forms a part of two pairs and the relative motion between the links or definition &1
elements is completely or successfully constrained. marks for
Types of constrained motions: - each type)
1) Completely constrained Motion
2) Incompletely constrained Motion
3) Successfully constrained Motion
1) Completely Constrained Motion: -
When the motion between a pair is limited to a definite direction irrespective of the
direction of force applied, then the motion is said to be a completely constrained motion.
For Example: - Piston and cylinder arrangement in I. C. engine. Fig. shows the square rod
is inserted in the square box. The motion is tales place in only one direction i.e in the
direction of force.

2) Incompletely Constrained Motion: -

When the motion between a pair can take place in more than one direction, then the motion
is called an incompletely constrained motion. For Example: - Circular shaft in circular hole.
Figure shows circular rod is inserted in the circular hole, as rod may either rotate or slide
in the hole it means motion is takes place more than one direction therefore it is a
incompletely constrained motion.

3) Successfully Constrained Motion: -

When the motion between the elements, is incompletely constrained motion by itself, but
by some other means, that motion is converted into completely constrained motion, then
that motion is called as successfully constrained motion.

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b) Classify Follower
Ans Classifications of follower 04 Marks
: a) According the types of end surface
• Knife Edge follower
• Roller follower
• Flat faced follower
• Flat faced follower
b) According the types motion
• Reciprocating follower
• Oscillating follower
c) According the Line of action or direction of motion
• Axial follower
• Offset /eccentric follower
c) Define smart material and list the properties of it. 04
Ans Smart materials: - (2 Marks for
: Smart materials, called also intelligent or responsive materials, are designed materials that definition and
have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by 2 marks for
any 4
external stimuli, such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, pH,
properties)
or chemical compounds. Smart materials are the basis of many applications, including
sensors and actuators, or artificial muscles, particularly as electro active.
Properties: -
• Self-detection
• Self-diagnostic.
• Self-corrective.
• Self-controlled.
• Self-heating.
• Shock absorber.
• Damage arrest.
d) State the properties of bronze and list the uses of bronze. 04
Ans Properties: (2 mark
: • Generally harder, stronger & tough alloys. properties &
2 mark
• Resistant to corrosion & wear.
applications)
• Can be easily casted & machine.
Applications:
• In utensils, statues, coins & bells etc.

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e) Explain with neat sketch epicyclic gear train.
Ans In an epicyclic gear train, the axes of the shafts, over which the gears are mounted, may 04
: move relative to a fixed axis. A simple epicyclic gear train is shown in Fig., where a gear (1 mark for
dig. and 3 for
A and the arm C have a common axis at O1 about which they can rotate. The gear B meshes
description)
with gear A and has its axis on the arm at O2, about which the gear B can rotate. If the arm
is fixed, the gear train is simple and gear A can drive gear B or vice- versa, but if gear A is
fixed and the arm is rotated about the axis of gear A (i.e. O1), then the gear B is forced to
rotate upon and around gear A. Such a motion is called epicyclic and the gear trains
arranged in such a manner that one or more of their members move upon and around
another member are known as epicyclic gear trains (epi. means upon and cyclic means
around).
The epicyclic gear trains may be simple or compound. The epicyclic gear trains are useful
for transmitting high velocity ratios with gears of moderate size in a comparatively lesser
space. The epicyclic gear trains are used in the back gear of lathe, differential gears of the
automobiles, hoists, pulley blocks, wrist watches etc.

Q.
Attempt any THREE of the following. 12
4.
a) Explain the effect of allowing element on the properties of steel. 04
Ans Effect of allowing element on the properties of steel.
• Alloying elements e.g manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and
aluminium in varying proportions in order to increase hardenability, corrosion
resistance, strength, formability, weldability or ductility.
• Alloying elements e.g tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt and vanadium in varying
quantities to increase heat resistance and durability
b) State the types of ceramics and list the applications of refractories. 04
Ans Types of ceramics: - (2 mark for
Based on these uses there are four basic types of ceramics: types & 2
mark for
• Stoneware applications)
• Clay products
• Refractors
• Industrially used ceramics
Applications of refractories.
• Used as insulating materials, abrasive particles, hot gasses, and molten metals.
c) Sketch and explain scotch-yoke mechanism. 04
Ans Scotch yoke mechanism: - (1 mark for
dig. & 3 mark
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• It is the inversion of double slider crank chain. for 3 valid
point )

• It consists of four linkages are as follows

Link 1- Crank
Link 2- Slider
Link 3- Slotted bar
Link 4- Fixed
• When the link 1 (crank) rotates about a centre, the link 2 (slider) slides in the slotted
bar. And due to that link 3 (slotted bar) reciprocates in the fix frame.
• Pairs: -
Link 1 & Link 2: Turning pair.
Link 2 & Link 3: Sliding pair.
Link 3 & Link 4: Sliding pair.
Link 4 & Link 1: Turning pair.
• Purpose: -
It is used to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion & vice versa.
d) Draw the displacement, velocity, and acceleration diagrams for a follower when it 04
moves with uniform acceleration and retardation. (2 mark for
Ans block
Displacement Diagrams when the Follower Moves with Uniform acceleration and diagram and
: retardation (U.A.R) 2 marks for
explain)

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e) State the function of a flywheel and explain how it differs from that of governor. 04
Ans • A flywheel used in machines serves as a reservoir, which stores energy during the
: period when the supply of energy is more than the requirement and releases it during
the period when the requirement of energy is more than the supply.
• A flywheel controls the speed variations caused by the fluctuation of the engine
turning moment during each cycle of operation.
• The function of a flywheel in an engine is entirely different from that of a governor.
It controls the speed variation caused by the fluctuations of the engine turning
moment during each cycle of operation. It does not control the speed variations
caused by a varying load. The varying demand for power is met by the governor
regulating the supply of working fluid.
Q.
Attempt any TWO of the following. 12
5.
a) A cam drives a flat reciprocating follower as: 06
• During first 120-degree rotation of cam, follower moves through outward a distance (2 mark for
of 20 mm with simple harmonic motion. disp. Dig. &
4 marks for
• The follower dwells during next 30 degree of cam rotation.
cam profile)
• During next 120 degree of cam rotation, the follower moves inward with simple
harmonic motion.
• The follower dwells for the next 90 degree of cam rotation.
• The minimum radius of the cam is 25mm. Draw the profile of the cam.

Ans

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b) Explain with neat sketch the working of Whitworth quick return motion mechanism. 06
(2 mark for
Ans dig. 4 marks
for
explanation)

• It is the inversion of single slider crank chain.

• It consists of four linkages are as follows
Link 1- Slotted bar
Link 2- Fixed
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Link 3- Crank
Link 4- Slider
• Figure shows Whitworth quick return mechanism, is used to reduce return stroke
time of cutting tool of shaper machine.
• The driving crank AC revolves with uniform angular speed about the fixed centre
C. A slider attached to the crank pin at A slides along the slotted bar AP and thus
causes AP revolves about the pivoted point D.
• A link PR transmits the motion from AP to the ram which carries the tool and
reciprocates along the line of stroke R1R2.
• It is observed that when crank moves from CA2 to CA1 in clockwise direction at
that time ram (cutting tool) moves in Backward direction (i.e Return stroke).
• And when crank moves from CA1 to CA2 in clockwise direction at that time ram
(cutting tool) moves in forward direction (i.e Cutting stroke)
As α < β, it means 𝜯𝒓 < 𝑻𝒄
“Therefore, we can say that, time required for return stroke is less than the time
required for cutting stroke”.
• Pairs: -
Link 1 & Link 2: Turning pair.
Link 2 & Link 3: Turning pair.
Link 3 & Link 4: Turning pair.
Link 4 & Link 1: Sliding pair.
• Purpose: -
It is used to reduce the return stroke time of return stroke for shaping
machine.
c) A pulley is driven by a flat belt, the angle of lap being 120°. The belt is 100 mm wide 06
by 6 mm thick and density1000 kg/m3. If the coefficient of friction is 0.3 and the
maximum stress in the belt is not to exceed 2 MPa, find the greatest power which the
belt can transmit and the corresponding speed of the belt
Ans Given:  = 120° = 120 ×  / 180 = 2.1 rad;
b = 100 mm = 0.1 m;
t = 6 mm = 0.006 m;
 = 1000 kg / m3;
µ = 0.3;
 = 2 MPa = 2 × 106 N/m2
Speed of the belt for greatest power
We know that maximum tension in the belt,
T = . b. t = 2 × 106 × 0.1 × 0.006 = 1200 N…………………………………. 1 mark
and mass of the belt per meter length,
m = Area × length × density
= b. t. l. 

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= 0.1 × 0.006 × 1 × 1000
= 0.6 kg/m ……………………………………………………………….. 1 mark
Speed of the belt for greatest power, v =25.82 m/s …………………………….…... 1 mark
Greatest power which the belt can transmit
We know that for maximum power to be transmitted, centrifugal tension,
TC = T/3 = 1200/3 = 400 N
and tension in the tight side of the belt,
T1 = T – TC = 1200 – 400 = 800 N ………………………………...……. 1 mark
Let, T2 =Tension in the slack side of the belt. We know that
Therefore T2= 425.5 N………………………………………………..… 1 mark
Greatest power which the belt can transmit,
P= (T1 – T2) v = (800 – 425.5) 25.82 = 9670 W = 9.67 kW……………..…1 mark
Q.
Attempt any TWO of the following. 12
6.
a) Define slip and creep. Derive an equation with condition for transmitting the 06
maximum power in a flat belt drive. (3 mark for
Ans definition & 3
Slip: - Slip is defined as insufficient frictional grip between pulley (driver/driven) and belt. mark for
:
Slip is the difference between the linear velocities of pulley (driver/driven) and belt. condition)
Creep: - Uneven extensions and contractions of the belt when it passes from tight side to
slack side. There is relative motion between belt and pulley surface, this phenomenon is
called creep of belt.
Condition of maximum power transmission: -
Belt drive is transmitting the maximum power when following condition is satisfied.
TMax
Tc =
3
“It means belt is transmitting maximum power, when centrifugal tension is one third to the
maximum tension.”
As TMax = T1Max

T1Max
Therefore, Tc =
3
b) Four masses attached to a shaft and revolving in same plane are 12 kg, 10 kg, 18kg 06
and 15 kg respectively. Their radii of rotation are 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, and 30
mm respectively. The angle between successive masses is 600, 1350 and 2700. Find the
magnitude and position of the balancing mass at a radius of 100 mm.

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Ans
:
Centrifugal force/ω2
Mass(m) kg Radius(r) m Angle (θ )
(m r) kg-m
mA = 12 kg rA = 0.04 m mA*rA = 0.48 kg-m θA = 00

mB = 10 kg rB = 0.05 m mB*rB = 0.50 kg-m θB = 600

mC = 18 kg rC = 0.06 m mC*rC = 1.08 kg-m θC =1350

mD = 15 kg rD = 0.03 m mD*rD = 0.45 kg-m θD =2700

∑ m r cos θ
i i i = mArA cosθ A + mBrB cosθB +mCrC cosθC +mDrDcosθD
i=1

=0.48 x cos 00 + 0.50 x cos 600 + 1.08 x cos 1350 + 0.45 x cos
2700
= 0.48 +0.25+(−0.764)+0
=− 0.034 kg− m …………………………………………….. 1 mark
∑ m r sin θ =m r sinθ
i i i A A A + mBrB sinθB +mCrC sinθC +mDrD sinθD
i=1

=0.48 x sin 00 + 0.50 x sin 600 + 1.08 x sin1350 + 0.45 x

sin2700
= 0 +0.433 + 0.764 +(−0.45)
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=0.747 kg−m………………………………………………. 1 mark
R=0.748 kg − m …………………………………………………… 1 mark
R =m*r =0.748 kg . m ………………………………………. 1 mark
M=7.48 kg …………………………………………………………….. 1 mark
Determine the position of the balancing mass ‘m’.
0
θ= − 87.4 or 92.6
0 …………………… ………….1 Mark
c) Draw iron-carbon equilibrium diagram and show important temperature and 06
Ans phases on it (6 mark for
: dig.)

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