OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
2. In which of the following compounds, -OH is the functional group?
(a) Butanol
(b) Butanone
(c) Butanoic acid
(d) Butanal
3. Identify and name the functional group present in the following compounds.

(a) Alcohol, carboxylic acid, ketone, double bond

(b) Alcohol, ketone, double bond, carboxylic acid
(c) Ketone, Alcohol, carboxylic acid, double bond
(d) Carboxylic acid, double bond, alcohol, ketone

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4. The hydrocarbon which has alternate single and double bonds arranged in the form of a ring is:
(a)C6H12 (b)C6H14 (c) C6H6 (d) C6H10
5. The number of covalent bonds in hexane(C6H14) is:
(a) 5 (b) 12 (c) 17 (d) 18

6. The correct representation of covalent bonding in an oxygen molecule is:

7. Consider the structures of three cyclic hydrocarbons A, B and C given below and select the correct
option from the following.

(a) A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.

(b) A is an isomer of hexane, Bis benzene and C is an isomer of hexane.
(c) A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
(d) A is cyclohexane, B and C are isomers of benzene.
8. When ethanol reacts with sodium two products are formed. These products are:
(a) Sodium ethanoate and oxygen
(b) Sodium ethanoate and hydrogen
(c) Sodium ethoxide and oxygen
(d) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
9. The number of isomers formed by the hydrocarbon with molecular formula C5H12 is:
(a) 2 (b)5 (c)3 (d) 4
10. C3H8 belongs to the homologous series of
(a) Alkynes
(b) Alkenes
(c) Alkanes
(d) Cyclo alkanes

ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS

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 For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options
(i) , (ii), (iii) and (iv)as given below:
(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(ii)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(iii)A is true but R is false.
(iv)A is false but R is true
11. Assertion: C3H8 and C4H10 are the successive members of alkane homologous series.
Reason: Successive members in a homologous series differ by CH3 unit.

12. Assertion: Most of the carbon compounds are good conductors of electricity.
Reason: They do not dissociate to form ions and remain as molecules.
13. Assertion: Carbon shows maximum catenation property in the periodic table.
Reason: Carbon has small size and thus forms strong c-c bonds.
14. Assertion: Soaps are not suitable for washing purpose when water is hard.
Reason: Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action.

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

15. Name an element other than carbon which exhibits catenation. Are these compounds stable?
16. Write the name and formula of third member of the series of carbon compounds whose general
formula is CnH2n.
17. Write the name and molecular formula of the fifth member of alkane series.
18. Write the molecular formula of an alkyne containing 6 atoms of hydrogen.
19. Name the functional group present in this compound- CH3COCH2CH2CH2CH3

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

20. (a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.

(b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with
two examples each.
21. Draw the electron dot structure for ethanoic acid
22. Define the term structural isomerism. Explain why propane cannot exhibit this property.
23. Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group-Cl.
24. Explain why carbon generally forms compounds by covalent bonds.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

25. (i) Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following: -
C3H6, C5H10, C4H10, C6H14, C2H4
(ii) Select alkene and alkyne from the following: -
C6H12, C3H4, C2H4, CH4, C4H8, C5H8

26. Give reason why carbon neither forms C4+ cations nor C4- anions, but forms covalent compounds
which are bad conductors of electricity and have low melting and boiling points.
27. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Element carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding.
(ii) Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
28. Write the molecular formula of the following compounds and draw their electron dot structures.
(a) Ethane (b) Ethene (c)Ethyne
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 PREVIOUS YEAR BOARD QUESTIONS

29. Soaps and detergents are both, types of salts. State the difference between the two. Write the
mechanism of the cleansing action of soaps. Why do soaps not form lather (foam) with hard water?
Mention any two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps.
30. C3H6, C4H8 and C5H10 belong to the same homologous series.
(i) Why the melting and boiling points of C5H10 is higher than C4H8?
(ii) Arrange these hydrocarbons in order of increasing boiling points.
31. The melting and boiling points of carbon compounds are generally low and they are largely non-
conductors of electricity. State two conclusions based on these two properties.
32. Write the formula and molecular mass of the third homologue of alcohols. State how the boiling
point of an alcohol changes as one moves from lower to higher homologues.
33. Identify the functional groups present in the following and name them.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

34. Carry out the following conversions, stating the condition(s) for each:
(i) Ethanol→ Ethene
(ii) Ethene→ Ethane
(iii) Ethane →Chloroethane
(iv) Ethanol →Ethanoic acid
(v)Ethanoic acid → Ethyl ethanoate
35. (a) With the help of diagram, show the formation of micelles, when soap is applied on oily dirt.
(b) Take two test tubes X and Y with 10ml of hard water in each. In test tube X add few drops of
soap solution and in test tube Y add a few drops of detergent solution. Shake both the test tubes
for the same period of time.
(i) In which test tube the formation of the foam will be more? Why?
(ii) In which test tube is a curdy solid formed? Why?

36. A saturated organic compound 'A' belongs to the homologous series of alcohols.
On heating 'A' with concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K, it forms an unsaturated compound 'B' with
molecular mass 28 u.
The compound 'B' on addition of one mole of hydrogen in the presence of Nickel, changes to a
saturated hydrocarbon 'C'.
(i) Identify A, B and C.
(ii) Write the chemical equations showing the conversion of A into B.
(iii) What happens when compound C undergoes combustion?
(iv) State one industrial application of hydrogenation reaction.
(v) Name the products formed when compound A reacts with sodium.

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37. An acid 'X' and an alcohol Y react with each other in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a
sweet-smelling substance Z. Identify X, Y and Z. Write the chemical equation for the reaction
involved and name it. The substance Z on treatment with sodium hydroxide produces back the
alcohol Y and sodium ethanoate. Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved and name it,
giving justification for the name.
CASE STUDY/PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS

38. Carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis of all living organisms and many of the things we
use. A large variety of compounds is because of its tetravalency. Compounds of carbon are formed
with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many other elements.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What are hydrocarbons?
(b) List two properties by virtue of which carbon can form a large number of compounds.
(c) (i) Write the formula of the functional group present in (1) aldehydes and (2) ketones. Write
chemical equation for the reaction that occurs between ethanoic acid and ethanol in the presence
of a catalyst.
OR
(c)(ii) What are structural isomers? Write the structures of two isomers of butane.

ANSWERS
Qn. no Answer
1 (c)(i) and (ii)
2 (a)Butanol
3 (a)Alcohol, carboxylic acid, ketone, double bond
4 (c) C6H6
5 (d) 18
6 (a)
7 (c)A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic
hydrocarbons.
8 (d)Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
9 (c)3
10 (c) Alkanes
11 (iii)A is true but R is false
12 (iv)A is false but R is true.
13 (i)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
14 (ii)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
15 Silicon. These compounds are unstable and reactive.
16 Butene
17 Pentane, C5H12
18 C4H6
19 Ketone
20 (a) Hydrocarbons are the compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen
atoms only.Eg:-methane, ethane, ethene etc.
(b) Saturated hydrocarbons contain single covalent bonds only.
Eg:- methane and ethane are saturated hydrocarbons.
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 Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain contain double or triple covalent bonds.
Eg:- ethene and ethyne

21

22 The phenomenon in which compounds have same molecular formula but different
structures is called structural isomerism.
Lower alkanes till propane (ie, first three members of alkane series) do not show
isomerism. They cannot have a branched chain structure to exhibit isomerism.
23 The molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having -Cl
functional group are CH3Cl (chloromethane) and CH3CH2Cl(chloroethane).
24 Carbon cannot lose four electrons easily because very high energy is required (So it
cannot form C4+). It cannot gain four electrons easily because 6 protons cannot hold
10 electrons(It cannot form C4-). Carbon can easily share four electrons forming
covalent bonds.
25 (i) C6H14 and C4H10 are saturated hydrocarbons.
(ii) Alkenes:- C6H12, C2H4, C4H8
Alkynes:- C3H4, C5H8
26 Carbon cannot lose 4 electrons to form C4+ ions as very high energy is required to
remove 4 electrons. Carbon cannot gain four electrons to form C4- ions as 6 protons
cannot hold 10 electrons.
Carbon can share 4 electrons to form covalent compounds. Carbon compounds do not
conduct electricity as they do not form ions.
They have low melting and boiling points due to weak force of attraction between
molecules.
27 (i)As carbon has four valence electrons and it can neither loose nor gain four electrons
thus, it attains noble gas configuration only by sharing of electrons. so, it forms
covalent compounds.

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 (ii) In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms by covalent
bonds in the same plane giving a hexagonal array. Thus, only three valence electrons
are used for bond formation and hence, the fourth valence electron is free to move. As
a result, graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
28 (a) Ethane (C2H6)

(b) Ethene (C2H4)

(c) Ethyne(C2H2)

29 The molecules of soap are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.
Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic
acids.
The ionic group in soaps is -COO–Na+. The ionic group in synthetic detergents is
-SO3– Na+ or -OSO3 –Na+
Cleansing action of soap:
A soap molecule contains a polar part (COO–Na+) called polar end and a non-polar
part consisting of a long chain carbon atom. This part is called hydrocarbon end.
The polar end is water soluble whereas hydrocarbon part is water-repellent and oil
soluble.
When an oily (dirty) piece of cloth is put into soap solution, the hydrocarbon part of
the molecule attaches itself to the oily drop and the -COO– end orients itself towards
water. Na+ ions in solution arrange themselves around the -COO– ions. The negatively
charged micelle so formed entraps the oily dirt. The negatively charged micelle repel
each other due to the electrostatic repulsion. As a result, the tiny oily dirt particles do
not come together and get washed away in water during rinsing.

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 In hard water, soap does not form lather as hard water contains Ca2+and Mg2+ ions.
Soap reacts with these ions to form insoluble calcium and magnesium salts of fatty
acids.
Two problems which arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps are:
(i) Synthetic detergents are non-biodegradable and hence, cause water pollution.
(ii) Synthetic detergents also cause skin related problems.
30 (i) It is because C5H10 has higher molecular weight(mass), more force of attraction
and higher boiling points and melting points.

(ii) C3H6˂ C4H8˂ C5H10

31 Carbon compounds generally have low melting points and boiling points because the
force of attraction between the molecules of carbon compounds is not very
strong. These weak intermolecular forces make them very easy to pull apart from
each other.
During the formation of a covalent bond, when the electrons get shared within the
bonds, hence, there are no electrons or ions available to conduct electricity. So, carbon
compounds are non-conductors of electricity.
32 [The general formula of alcohols =
The first homologue of alcohols ( )= (methanol)
The second homologue of alcohols ( )= (ethanol)]
The third homologue of alcohols ( )= (propanol, CH3-CH2-CH2-OH)
The atomic masses:

Carbon ( ) = 12

Hydrogen ( )=1

Oxygen ( ) = 16
The molecular mass of =

Hence the formula and the molecular mass of the third homologue of alcohols
is and 60 respectively.

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 The boiling point of the successive members of the homologous series of alcohols
increases with the increase in molecular mass (lower to higher members).
33 (a) COOH-Carboxylic acid (Name of the compound-Ethanoic acid)
(b) CHO-Aldehyde (Name of the compound- Methanal)
34 (i) Ethanol reacts with conc. H2SO4 to give unsaturated hydrocarbon(ethene)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

35 (a)Diagram showing the formation of micelles when soap is applied on oily dirt is
given below:

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 (b) (i) The test tube containing detergents (i.e. Y) will form more foam because
detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long carboxylic acids. The
charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium
and magnesium ions in hard water. Hence, detergents remain effective even in hard
water.

(ii) The test tube containing soap (i.e. X) will show a curdy white precipitate because
soap molecules react with calcium and magnesium salts of hard water and form the
floating off-white layer over water called as scum.
36 (i) Compounds A, B and C are:

A → Ethanol
B → Ethene
C → Ethane

(iii) When ethane undergoes combustion, carbon dioxide is produced along with
water and heat.

2C2H6 + 7O2 ⟶ 4CO2 + 6H2O + Heat

(iv) In industry, hydrogenation reaction is used for preparing vegetable ghee from
vegetable oils

(v) Sodium ethoxide and Hydrogen

2Na + 2C2H5OH ⟶ 2C2H5ONa + H2
37 X: The acid X is likely to be a carboxylic acid, such as ethanoic acid(acetic acid,
CH₃COOH).
Y: The alcohol Y is likely to be a simple alcohol, such as ethanol (C₂H₅OH).
Z: The sweet-smelling substance Z is an ester, specifically ethyl ethanoate
(CH₃COOCH₂CH₃).
Explaination:
The ethanoic acid and ethanol react with each other in the presence of an acid catalyst
to form an ester (ethyl ethanoate).
Chemical equation for the reaction: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH → CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O
This reaction is called esterification.
The substance Z, ethyl ethanoate, on treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
produces the alcohol Y, ethanol, and sodium ethanoate (CH₃COONa).
Chemical equation for the reaction: CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ + NaOH → C₂H₅OH +
CH₃COONa

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 This reaction is called saponification.
Saponification
The term "saponification" comes from the Latin word "sapo", which means soap. This
is because the reaction is commonly used in the production of soap, where fats (which
are esters) are hydrolysed by a strong base (such as NaOH) to form soap and glycerol.
38 (a) A hydrocarbon is an organic compound made up of only the elements carbon (C)
and hydrogen (H).
(b) Catenation and tetravalency
(c) (i) (1) Aldehydes- CHO
(2) Ketones- CO

OR

(c)(ii) Structural isomers- Organic compounds having same molecular formula but
different structures.
Isomers of butane:

Prepared by Checked by
Ms Asha John HoD Science

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