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Lesson 3 Vectors

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2 views20 pages

Lesson 3 Vectors

Uploaded by

yousefmajed448
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Lesson 3

Vectors
Learning Objectives
In the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
▪ Describe the difference between vector and scalar quantities.
▪ Adding and Subtracting Vectors.
Scalar and vector Quantities
▪ Scalar quantities have only magnitude (size).
▪ For example, 11 m and 15 ms-1 are both scalar quantities.
▪ There are many scalar quantities:
▪ Speed
▪ Distance
▪ Time
▪ Energy
▪ Power
Scalar and vector Quantities
▪ Vector quantities have both magnitude (size) and direction.
▪ For example, 11 m east and 15 ms-1 at 30° to the horizontal are both
vector quantities.
▪ There are many scalar quantities:
▪ Displacement
▪ Velocity
▪ Force
▪ Weight
▪ Momentum
Describing Vectors
▪ A vector is represented by a straight line with an arrowhead.
▪ Here, the length of the line represents the magnitude and arrowhead
gives the direction of vector.
Equal Vectors
▪ Equal vectors have same size (magnitude) and direction. As vectors
are usually independent of position, they can start at many places in a
diagram.
▪ In the diagram, 𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷, 𝑋𝑌, 𝐿𝑀 and 𝑅𝑆 are equal vectors.
Adding and Subtracting Vectors
Part 1: Parallel Vectors:
▪ Example 1: Bob walks 35 m east, rests for 20 seconds and then walks
25 m east. What is Bob’s overall displacement?
▪ Solve algebraically by adding the two magnitudes.

35 m 25 m

▪ 35 m + 25 m = 60 m to the east.
Adding and Subtracting Vectors
Part 1: Parallel Vectors:
▪ Example 1: Bob walks 35 m east, rests for 20 seconds and then walks
25 m west. What is Bob’s overall displacement?
▪ Solve algebraically by adding the two magnitudes.

35 m 25 m

▪ 35 m + (-25) m = 10 m to the east.


Adding and Subtracting Vectors
Part 2: Perpendicular Vectors:
▪ Example 1: Bob walks 30 m North, rests for 20 seconds and then
walks 40 m east. What is Bob’s overall displacement?
▪ Use Pythagorean theorem

30 m 40 m

▪R = 40 2 + 30 2 = 50 𝑚
Example 2
▪ If you walked 3.0 m toward the east and then
4.0 m toward the north, as shown in the figure,
you would find yourself 5.0 m from where you
started (The origin), measured at an angle of
53° north of east. Your total displacement is the
vector sum of the individual displacements.
Example 3a
▪ A car travelled 32 km east, then headed north and travelled 47 km
before stopping. Find the resultant displacement of the car?
Example 3a
▪ A car travelled 32 km east, then headed north and travelled 47 km
before stopping. Find the resultant displacement of the car?

▪𝒔 = 𝟑𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟒𝟕 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟕𝒌𝒎
Example 3b
▪ A car travelled 32 km east, then headed north and travelled 47 km
before stopping. Find the direction of the resultant displacement of
the car?
Example 3b
▪ A car travelled 32 km east, then headed north and travelled 47 km
before stopping. Find the direction of the resultant displacement of
the car?

𝟒𝟕
▪ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕
𝟑𝟐
▪ 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕 = 𝟓𝟔°
Method of Component
▪ Expressed mathematically:
𝑥
▪ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
𝑠
𝑦 ‫الوتر‬
▪ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑠
‫المقابل‬
𝑠 𝑦

𝜃
The x component = s 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ×
The x component = s 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ‫المجاور‬

Where ‘s’ is the magnitude of the original vector and ‘𝜃′ is the angle
between the original vector and x- axis.
Unit Vectors

A unit vector is a dimensionless vector having a


magnitude of exactly 1

Used to specify a given direction and have no


other physical significance.
How to solve any physics problems
Read through the
Calm down
problem

Draw a diagram if Look for the known


needed and Unkown variable

Pick the right formula Solve the equation


Question 1
▪ A student walks 1.0 mi west and then 2.0 mi north. Afterward, how
far is he from his starting point?
Question 2

▪ A goose flies 32 km south, then turns to fly 20 km west. Afterward,


how far is the goose from its original position?
Question 3
▪ A bird flies 9.0 km due west and then 4.0 km due north. What is the
magnitude of the bird's displacement?

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