Case Study: Nestlé's Edible Packaging Innovation

Executive Summary
This case study explores Nestlé's innovative approach to addressing plastic pollution by
developing edible packaging solutions. By leveraging natural materials like algae, proteins, and
starches, Nestlé aims to create biodegradable and compostable packaging alternatives. The
study delves into the potential benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies associated
with this groundbreaking initiative.

Introduction
Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant global environmental concern. The food industry,
including major players like Nestlé, has a substantial role to play in reducing plastic waste.
Edible packaging offers a promising solution to this pressing issue. This case study examines
Nestlé's exploration of edible packaging, its potential impact, and the necessary steps for
successful implementation.

Background
Nestlé, a multinational food, drink, and pharmaceutical company, has a long-standing
commitment to sustainability. Recognizing the detrimental effects of plastic pollution, the
company has embarked on a journey to develop innovative and eco-friendly packaging
solutions. Edible packaging aligns with Nestlé's sustainability goals and offers a unique
opportunity to reduce its environmental footprint.

Literature Review
A comprehensive review of existing literature, supported by research from renowned institutions
like the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and the World Wildlife Fund, reveals a growing interest in
sustainable packaging solutions. Studies have explored the use of various bio-based materials,
including algae, proteins, and starches, for developing edible films and coatings. Research
published in reputable journals like Food Hydrocolloids and Food Packaging and Shelf Life has
highlighted the potential benefits of edible packaging, such as reduced plastic waste, improved
product shelf life, and enhanced consumer experience. However, challenges related to cost,
scalability, and regulatory compliance remain.

Methodology
This case study employs a qualitative research design, primarily relying on secondary data
sources. The methodology involves a thorough review of relevant literature, industry reports,
and news articles. Additionally, expert opinions and industry insights have been considered to
gain a deeper understanding of the potential implications of edible packaging.

Data Collection:

● Literature Review: A comprehensive review of academic papers, industry reports, and news
articles was conducted to gather information on edible packaging technologies, consumer
 perceptions, and environmental impacts.
● Expert Interviews: Key experts in the field of sustainable packaging, food science, and
consumer behavior were interviewed to gain insights into the challenges and opportunities
associated with edible packaging.
Data Analysis:

● Thematic Analysis: The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key
themes and patterns.
● Critical Analysis: The findings were critically analyzed to assess the potential benefits,
limitations, and future implications of edible packaging.

Study
Nestlé's exploration of edible packaging is driven by a desire to reduce plastic waste and
promote sustainable practices. The company is actively researching and developing various
edible packaging materials, including algae-based films, protein-based films, and starch-based
films. These materials can be tailored to different food products, offering a range of potential
applications.

Analysis
The potential benefits of edible packaging for Nestlé are significant. By reducing plastic waste,
the company can enhance its brand reputation and attract environmentally conscious
consumers. Edible packaging can also improve product shelf life and reduce food waste.
However, challenges such as cost, scalability, and consumer acceptance need to be addressed
to ensure the successful implementation of this innovative solution.

Edible Packaging Consumption To consume the edible packaging, the following steps should
be followed:

1. Initial Cleaning:
○ The packaging should be thoroughly rinsed with cold water to remove any surface
contaminants or debris.
○ This initial cleaning step is essential to ensure optimal hygiene.
2. Softening Process:
○ The packaging should be immersed in hot water for a duration of approximately 2-3
minutes.
○ This process softens the material, making it more pliable and easier to consume.
3. Consumption:
○ Once softened, the packaging can be directly consumed.
○ It may have a neutral taste or a subtle flavor profile, depending on the specific ingredients
used in its production.
Note:

● While the edible packaging is designed to be safe for consumption, individual sensitivities
may vary.
● For individuals with specific dietary concerns or allergies, consulting with a healthcare
professional is recommended.
● The specific consumption method may vary based on the type of edible packaging material
 used.
For those who prefer not to consume the packaging, it can be disposed of in an environmentally
friendly manner:

● Composting: The packaging can be added to compost bins or piles, where it will decompose
naturally, enriching the soil.
● Fertilizer: The packaging can be used as a fertilizer in gardens or agricultural fields, providing
essential nutrients to plants. By following these guidelines, consumers can enjoy the benefits
of edible packaging while minimizing its environmental impact.

Proposed Solution
To overcome these challenges and successfully implement edible packaging, Nestlé should
continue to invest in research and development to optimize the properties of edible packaging
materials and reduce costs. Collaborating with industry partners to create a robust supply chain
and facilitate knowledge sharing is crucial. Launching targeted campaigns to inform consumers
about the benefits of edible packaging and dispel misconceptions is essential. Advocating for
supportive regulations and standards to facilitate the adoption of edible packaging is also
important. Conducting pilot projects to test the feasibility and consumer acceptance of edible
packaging in specific markets can provide valuable insights.

Implementation
To successfully implement edible packaging, Nestlé should allocate significant resources to
research and development to optimize the properties of edible packaging materials and reduce
costs. Designing edible packaging solutions that are compatible with various food products and
consumer preferences is essential. Establishing reliable and sustainable supply chains for raw
materials is crucial. Developing effective marketing campaigns to promote the benefits of edible
packaging and engage consumers is important. Ensuring that edible packaging complies with all
relevant food safety and labeling regulations is necessary. Conducting pilot projects to test the
feasibility and consumer acceptance of edible packaging in specific markets can provide
valuable insights.

Conclusion
Nestlé's exploration of edible packaging represents a significant step towards a more
sustainable future. By addressing challenges and implementing the proposed strategies, Nestlé
can successfully scale up the production and adoption of edible packaging. This innovative
approach has the potential to revolutionize the food packaging industry and inspire other
companies to follow suit.

Recommendations

1. Continued Research and Development: Invest in ongoing research to optimize the

properties of edible packaging materials and reduce costs.
2. Collaboration and Partnerships: Collaborate with industry partners, academic institutions,
and government agencies to accelerate innovation and overcome challenges.
3. Consumer Education: Launch comprehensive consumer education campaigns to inform
consumers about the benefits of edible packaging and address potential concerns.
 4. Regulatory Support: Advocate for supportive regulations and standards to facilitate the
adoption of edible packaging.
5. Pilot Projects: Conduct pilot projects in diverse markets to test the feasibility and
consumer acceptance of edible packaging.
6. Sustainability Reporting: Regularly report on the progress and impact of edible packaging
initiatives to enhance transparency and accountability.
By implementing these recommendations, Nestlé can position itself as a leader in sustainable
packaging and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Additional Recommendations:

● Supply Chain Optimization: Explore opportunities to optimize the supply chain for edible
packaging materials to reduce costs and environmental impact.
● Consumer Feedback: Continuously gather feedback from consumers to refine product
offerings and address any concerns.
● Collaboration with NGOs: Partner with environmental organizations to raise awareness,
promote sustainable practices, and advocate for policy changes.

References

Ekō. (2024, November 15). Nestlé : the 3rd biggest polluter on the planet. Ekō.
https://action.eko.org/a/nestle-the-4th-biggest-polluter-on-the-planet

Greenpeace Philippines. (2017, September 22). Nestlé, Unilever, P&G among worst offenders
for plastic pollution in Philippines in beach audit - Greenpeace Philippines.
https://www.greenpeace.org/philippines/press/1110/nestle-unilever-pg-among-worst-offenders-fo
r-plastic-pollution-in-philippines-in-beach-audit/

Holland, F. (n.d.). PepsiCo, Nestlé and Danone among top plastic polluters, study claims. Just
Food.
https://www.just-food.com/news/pepsico-nestle-and-danone-among-top-plastic-polluters-study-c
laims/

Nestlé |. (n.d.). Talking Trash. https://talking-trash.com/case-study/nestle/

Rajan, N. (2019, May 8). Nestlé signs global commitment to reduce plastic waste pollution.
Xtalks.
https://xtalks.com/nestle-signs-global-commitment-to-reduce-plastic-waste-pollution-1647/

Swissinfo.Ch. (2024a, January 28). Nestlé accused of making ‘zero progress’ on plastic
pollution. SWI swissinfo.ch.
https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/nestl%C3%A9-accused-of-making-zero-progress-on-pla
stic-pollution/46198410

Swissinfo.Ch. (2024, January 28). Nestlé shamed as third-largest plastic polluter. SWI
swissinfo.ch.
https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/nestl%C3%A9-shamed-as-third-largest-plastic-polluter/4
8058444